Suchergebnisse

[ES] Articulado por Felipe V en el Decreto de Nueva Planta de 1716, el corregimiento de Lérida se convirtió en uno de los más extensos de Cataluña durante toda la centuria, integrándose en él las antiguas veguerías, no sólo de Lérida, sino también de Balaguer y Tárrega, ambas capitales de alcaldía. En consecuencia, nuestro objetivo en este artículo ha sido estudiar el perfil sociológico y profesional de estos alcaldes mayores o tenientes de corregidor para el período comprendido entre 1720 —fecha de su entrada en servicio— y 1808; año éste en que con la invasión napoleónica se puso fin, cronológicamente, al Antiguo Régimen. Con ello hemos pretendido saldar una deuda historiográfica que había relegado los estudios monográficos sobre estos letrados al olvido, ensombrecidos por los corregidores-gobernadores militares; superiores suyos, a los que asesoraban en materia de justicia ordinaria civil y criminal y presidían los cabildos durante sus ausencias. En definitiva, conocer mejor estos oficiales reales a través de los individuos que sirvieron estas varas, ya que jugaron un papel importante en la dministración catalana de justicia del siglo XVIII, algunos de cuyos fundamentos siguen estando vigentes hoy en día. ; [EN] Articulate by Philip V in the Decree of the Nueva Planta, the corregimiento of Lérida is converted in one of the more extensive of Catalonia during the century, integrating with it the juridical district —veguerías antiques— not only of Lérida but too Balaguer and Tárrega, both capitals of alcaldía. In consequent our objective in this article was study the sociological profile and professional of the alcaldes mayores or lieutemants of corregidor, between 1720 —date of the begun service— and 1808, year of the napoleonic invasion in that finished the Antique Regime. With it we seek settle an historiografhic debt that forgot monografhicals studies from this lawyer, grow dark by the corregidores-militaries governors, to who counsel in civil and criminal justice and presided the cabildos during their absences. In definitive know better this royals officials that gamed an important paper in the catalan justice administration in the XVIII century.

Background: All humans have the right to receive a thorough medical attention, and should not be discriminated. Aims: To determine if there is a significant relationship between Medical Oaths that commit to the principle of no discrimination in health care and the time, origin and source of the modifications to the Hippocratic Oath. To specify which are the conditions for no discrimination. Materials and Methods: Fifty Oaths found in different articles and publications were analyzed and selected considering their historical context. Results: Of the fifty Oaths that were analyzed, nineteen express a commitment towards no discrimination, whereas one of the texts is discriminatory. The only significant relationship found was the origin and source of the texts. The most frequently discriminating factors found are social class, religion, nationality and race. At present, other factors can be found such as ideology, moral, aptitude, sex and political and sexual preferences. Conclusions: The commitment towards no discrimination is not widely found in Medical Oaths of all times (30/50). According to the bioethics principle of justice, physicians should find the limit of their obligation as doctors in providing medical assistance to everyone alike, wealthy or poor; Christians, Hebrews or Muslims; men or women; children, adults or old; with or without infectious diseases. Non discrimination should be a vow that physicians must be willing to take despite any of the factors that could influence health care (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 799-807). ; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

The International Criminal Court was created to judge the perpetrators of the gravest crimes with international transcendence. All of them, especially war crimes & crimes of aggression, are closely linked with the development of national or international armed conflicts. That is why the Court is configured as an effective & useful instrument for peace & justice. The Rome Statute incorporates some positive & negative elements so that the Court can perform correctly its task. Adapted from the source document.

The article analyzes the conflicts between the local system of justice in Mexico City & migrant Indians, specifically the Mazahuas, Otomis, & Triquis, all of whom have frequently been at odds with the administration of justice, chiefly due to their illegal street-vendor activities, delinquency, drug addiction, & internal conflicts, mainly within groups & families. In a search for a solution to these conflicts, on the part of the local administrators of justice as well as on the part of the migrant Indians, the meaning of what it means to be indigenous has become a topic for social & political discussion. The article aims to demonstrate how, within the context of both this conflict & the struggle for ethnic recognition, a new rhetoric & means of mediation have arisen. Adapted from the source document.

This article examines reforms aimed at strengthening the rule of law in Guatemala implemented since the signing of the Peace Accords in December 1996. Despite nearly $200 millions in foreign aid to the justice sector, impunity remains the rule, the judicial process is subverted by military and criminal networks, citizen confidence in the judicial system remains low and recourse to non-judicial measures –the «privatisation of justice»– is on the increase. It is argued that the institutionally-focused approach to rule of law reform currently predominating in donor thinking ignores the historical context within which understandings of «law», «justice» and «rights» are shaped. Institutions do matter, but only by understanding the role of law in long­run processes of State formation and the dynamic, inter-subjective nature of legal interactions can we begin to understand the specificities of socio-legal change. ; Este artículo examina las reformas al fortalecimiento del Estado de Derecho en Guatemala implementadas desde la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz de 1996. Pese a los casi 200 millones de dólares en ayuda externa al sector judicial, la impunidad sigue siendo la norma; los procesos judiciales son socavados por redes militares y criminales; la confianza ciudadana en el sistema judicial se mantiene baja y la recurrencia a medidas fuera del sistema –«la privatización de la justicia»– va en aumento. Se cree que los enfoques que se centran en reformar las instituciones legales que actualmente predominan entre los donantes ignoran el contexto histórico específico en el que se formaron los conceptos de «ley», «justicia» y «derecho». Si bien las instituciones son importantes, solamente cuando se entienda el papel del derecho en los procesos de largo plazo de formación del Estado, así como la naturaleza dinámica de las interacciones legales, podremos comenzar a comprender las particularidades del cambio sociolegal.

En 1937 Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS elabora un programa de política judicial para el nuevo régimen político. Basado en presupuestos judiciales del nacionalsocialismo, no tiene aceptación en la comunidad jurídica, mayoritariamente conservadora en sus planteamientos, ni en el Ministerio de Justicia, cuya política judicial sigue en sus líneas básicas el modelo de administración de justicia diseñado durante la Restauración. ; In 1937 the Falange Española Tradicionalista and of the JONS developed a program of judicial policy for the new political regime. Based on the judicial premises of national socialism, they were not accepted by the juridical community, mainly conservative in its outlook, nor by the Ministry of Justice, whose judicial policy basically followed the model for the administration of justice designed during the Restoration.