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rezensiertes Werk: Bergsmo, Morten (Hrsg.): Human Rights and Criminal Justice for the Downtrodden, Essays in Honour of Asbjorn Eide. - Leiden/Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. - 825 S. ISBN: 90-0413-676-2

This case note analyses the ECJ's Parris ruling, which failed to recognise discrimination on the combined grounds of homosexuality and age in the refusal to recognise widower pension rights for homosexual partners of employees at Trinity College Dublin due to the late recognition of homosexual partnerships under Irish law. It draws a parallel to the DeGraffenreid case decided in the US in the 1970s, which also refused to recognise combined discrimination of black women by a "last hired first fired" redundancy policy. That policy mainly worked to the detriment of black women, while neither white women nor black men were disproportionally affected. Equally, the combination of an upper age limit for accessing a widowers pension and the lateness of accepting homosexual partnerships in Irish law only affected homosexual partners of a certain age group. The case note argues that in refusing to recognise combined discrimination, the Court of Justice also failed to comprehend the relevance of intersectionality for the correct interpretation of EU anti-discrimination law.

Vita. ; Thesis (doctoral) -- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster i.W. ; Bibliography: p. [5]-6. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Microfilm. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Filmed; No. 10 on a reel of 11 titles. ; Master negative: 92-80703-10.

The United States insisted that the International Criminal Court would not have jurisdiction to prosecute American nationals. It was to be a court for others, not for them. The Rome Conference insisted on upholding the principle of equal justice for all and consequently rejected American exceptionalism. The Clinton administration nevertheless signed the ICC Statute and remained involved in the post Rome proceedings of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court. However, when President Bush took office, his administration embarked on a world wide campaign to discredit the ICC. It cancelled the American signing of the ICC Statute, it enacted hostile legislation aimed at frustrating the functioning of the ICC, and it concluded agreements with approximately 50 States that place those States under an obligation not to surrender American nationals for trial in the ICC. The difference of opinion between the United States and the European Union cannot be resolved by diplomatic means since the United States administration is obligated by an American statute to discredit the ICC and to prevent it from operating according to its Statute. The European Union and its Member States will therefore have to embark on a policy of confrontation.

Cover-title: Die englische gewaltenteilungslehre bis zu Montesquieu . Berlin-Grunewald, Dr. W. Rothschild, 1927. ; Lebenslauf. ; Inaug.-diss - Königsberg. ; "Verzeichnis der zitierten bücher": p. vii-xi. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Does Artificial Intelligence (AI) imply the end of criminal law and justice as we know it? This article submits that AI is a transformative technology that seemingly assumes and optimizes the rationalities of criminal law (the effective prevention of crime; the objective, neutral and coherent application of the law etc.), namely by replacing the counterfactual guarantees of the law with the factual guarantees of technology. As a consequence, AI must not be trivialized by criminal law theory. Likewise, it is not enough to subversively criticize the current weaknesses of AI (e.g. vis-à-vis the "bias in, bias out" problem). Rather, criminal law theory should draw on the highflying promises of AI to reflect upon the foundational premises of criminal law. For a criminal law that is mostly a governance tool in the administrative and/or welfare state, AI applications promise the culmination of the law's very objectives (like the effective inhibition and prevention of crime, e.g. by means of predictive policing; or the political determination of fuzzy sentencing rationales in sentencing algorithms that ensure equal sentences for comparable crimes). For a criminal law, however, that protects liberal freedoms and rests on inter-personal trust, AI may well lead to the passing of the law's very ideals (e.g. of the presumption of innocence, which can no longer be upheld once everyone, ordinary citizens and judges alike, is deemed a possible risk). The question about "AI as the end of criminal law?" thus eventually raises the two-pronged question "Which criminal law for which society?". Indeed, what is the status of freedom (esp. in a surveillance society needed to power Big Data driven algorithms), trust (esp. under the zero trust paradigm that underlies many risk assessment algorithms) and future (esp. when algorithms make predictions based on past data) once AI enters into the administration of criminal justice? These are the questions, or so I respectfully submit, that criminal law theory needs to address today in order to come up with a criminal law that is both (for pragmatic reasons) open to technology as well as (for humane reasons) sensible. In all of this, we must take to heart Joachim Hruschka's great legacy and remain intellectually honest.

Mode of access: Internet. ; Superseded by Württembergisches Archiv für Recht und Rechtsverwaltung. Cf. List of the serial publications of foreign governments.

Bernward Dörner ; Inhaltsverzeichnis ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- PVA 98.2069

Die Untersuchung stellt das Internationale Militärtribunal in Nürnberg in einen engen normativen Zusammenhang mit der Gründung der Vereinten Nationen und der Verabschiedung der Allgemeinen Erklärung der Menschenrechte 1948. Die Nürnberger Prinzipien – das Erbe des IMT – bilden die Brücke in die Gegenwart. Als zentrale politikdidaktische Frage wird die nach Fairness und Gerechtigkeit auf dem Weg "von Nürnberg nach Den Haag" zur gegenwärtigen internationalen Strafjustiz herausgearbeitet. Die hier vorgelegte historisch-politische Menschenrechtsbildung verbindet die Fragen nach Schuld und Strafgerechtigkeit mit der fachdidaktischen und geschichtspolitischen Entwicklung in Deutschland. ; This study establishes a close normative connection between the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, the foundation of the United Nations and the passing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The Nuremberg Principles - legacy of the IMT - form a bridge into the present. The question of fairness and justice on the way "from Nuremberg to The Hague" to the present international criminal justice is being extricated as a central issue of didactics of politics. This historic and political human rights education connects the question of guilt and criminal justice with the development of didactics of politcs and history in Germany.

Criminal trials often attract great public interest. This interest, again, is essential to criminal justice as such, for in democratic states under the rule of law criminal law and its application need to be asserted and accepted within the public discourse. However, most people do not follow criminal trials as spectators in the courtroom, but by means of public media, such as newspapers, television and – increasingly – the internet. Thus, media outlets gain influence on the public opinion and are able to paint the picture of criminal trials according to their own perception. The media tends to overdraw criminal cases rather than to report the unbiased facts. This leads to tensions between possibly diverging interests of the public, of the judiciary and of the media. This volume addresses these tensions from the perspectives of academics and practitioners, who discussed this issue during an interdisciplinary conference held at the Institute for Criminal Law at the Georg-August-University Göttingen.

This extensive case note adds an original contribution to the debate on the ECJ ruling in Mangold, which established that the ban of discrimination (on grounds of age) constitutes a general principle of Community law (now: EU law). The ECJ derived from this finding that a Member State is barred from introducing new legislation discriminating on grounds of age while under an obligation of implementing Directive 2000/78, banning such discrimination. This had been interpreted in literature as recognising direct horizontal effects of the directive and/or the general principle of non-discrimination, resulting in a challenge of compliant case law before the German Constitutional Court. The author argues that the Court did not accept direct substituting horizontal effect of a Directive, but instead used the general constitutional principle of non-discrimination to establish exclusive effects of directives in horizontal relations. This argument was taken up by the Constitutional Court in its ruling accepting the case law of the Federal Labour Court which implemented ECJ case law. In the framework of the partnership between Arbeit und Recht and the Industrial Law Journal, an English language version of this article was also published in Industrial Law Journal, confirming its fundamental relevance. The Journal editors' summary of the article in English reads: "By classifying the anti-discrimination directives as a positivization of the constitutional principle of equal treatment in European Community law, the European Court of Justice has raised high expectations by hinting at horizontal effects of directive statutes between private parties. This will have long-term importance and, in the short term, affect the development of German anti-discrimination law. Thus it has become questionable whether hierarchies between different causes of discrimination can be maintained with regard to Community law, whether national law may acknowledge such differences, and how these may be justified."

Poln. Ausg. u.d.T.: Ustawa karna na przestępstwa dochodowe ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Crim. 444 d

Diese Studie ist der unionsrechtlichen Rechtshilfe im Sinne der grenzüberschreitenden Beweiserhebung in Strafsachen gewidmet. Zuletzt ist hierzu die Richtlinie 2014/41/EU ergangen. Sie führt ein neues Instrument der Rechtshilfe ein, die Europäische Ermittlungsanordnung, die auf dem Prinzip der gegenseitigen Anerkennung beruht. Ziel der Richtlinie ist es, die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den EU-Mitgliedstaaten bei der Erhebung von grenzüberschreitendem Beweismaterial zu verbessern. Diese Arbeit analysiert die neuen Ansätze der Richtlinie sowie ihre Umsetzung in die deutsche und französische Rechtsordnung. Sie wirft darüber hinaus einen Blick auf die konkrete Umsetzung der Richtlinie anhand konkreter Beispiele der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich. Es wird damit der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich die Reform der Rechtshilfe in ein Harmonisierungsbestreben der nationalen Strafverfahren einreiht, oder vielmehr Unterschiede zwischen den nationalen Verfahrensordnungen aufgedeckt werden - auf Kosten der Rechte des Beschuldigten. ; This study focuses on European judicial cooperation in the search for criminal evidence. The latest tool concerning this aspect of judicial cooperation is the Directive 2014/41/EU. The Directive introduces a new instrument, the European Investigation Order, which is based on the principle of mutual recognition. The objective of the Directive is to improve cooperation between EU Member States in the collection of cross-border evidence. This study analyses the new approaches adopted by the Directive and its transposition into French and German law. It lights up the practical implementation of the Directive through targeted examples of cooperation between France and Germany. Is the introduction of the European Investigation Order part of the harmonisation process of national criminal procedures in the European Union or does it run up against divergences in national procedural rights at the expense of the suspect's rights ? ; La présente étude est consacrée à l'entraide européenne aux ...

The paper observes the emergence of an international order of criminal prosecution in Europe from the late 18th century, which was characterised by two ambiguous developments: nation-based criminal law systems on the one hand and an increasing demand for international, transborder co-operation in matters of criminal law and criminal justice on the other. For with increasing migration, economic transactions and political dissidents, new crimes and threats of order and security, which could not only be handled within the national criminal systems, evolved. Thus the main fields in which a new international order in criminal matters was developed over the course of the 19th century were extradition, asylum and mutual assistance, as shaped by international treaties, domestic national laws and by international legal discourses. Based on different national legal orders and traditions, nearly every country established slightly different legal regulations and instruments, though in the long run it was inevitably the establishment of rules and instruments of transborder co-operation and mutual assistance in criminal matters which would at last lead to an international – and fragile – order of criminal prosecution. In this regard the project that will be presented in the conference makes a wide-ranging topic for comparative legal history in the field of criminal as well as international law. ; In der postmodernen globalen Welt erweist sich gerade die Weiterentwicklung der normativen Ordnung im Bereich des transnationalen Strafrechts als problembehaftet. Das internationale Strafrecht im engeren Sinn supranationaler Kodifikationen und Institutionen ist noch immer auf wenige Tatbestände und internationale Gerichte beschränkt. Eine umfassendere, alle Elemente der grenzübergreifenden Interaktion von Strafrechtsregimen normierende internationale Strafrechtskodifikation scheint kaum realisierbar; bereits partielle Harmonisierungsbemühungen in der Europäischen Union stoßen an enge Grenzen und wurden – wie der europäische Haftbefehl oder das Übereinkommen über die Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen – nach 2002 nur unter dem Druck terroristischer Sicherheitsbedrohungen realisiert. Die normativen Grundlagen wie die staatliche Praxis des internationalen Strafrechts lassen zahlreiche Ambivalenzen, Regime-Kollisionen und Konflikte erkennen, vertragliche Vereinbarungen gehen dem Gesetzesrecht vor, polizeilich-politische Erfordernisse dominieren vor rechtsstaatlicher Einhegung und Individualrechten und insgesamt erweisen sich transnationale Strafrechtsregime als rechtlich eher gering normiert. .