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"The Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response (CIFOR) Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response were developed to aid government agencies responsible for preventing and managing foodborne disease. The Guidelines focuses on local and state agencies, including public health, environmental health, agriculture, and other agencies responsible for food safety, because they investigate most of the outbreaks of foodborne disease in the United States. However, the Guidelines also supports the federal public health and regulatory agencies critical to the U.S. food-safety infrastructure. The Guidelines describes the overall approach to outbreaks of foodborne diseases, including preparation, detection, investigation, control, and follow-up. The Guidelines also describes the roles of all key organizations involved in these outbreaks, provides recommendations for processes to improve communication and coordination among multiple agencies during multijurisdictional outbreaks, and identifies indicators that different organizations can use to gauge their performance in responding to foodborne disease outbreaks. Even though the Guidelines document provides comprehensive information for individuals and organizations involved in foodborne disease, it is not intended to replace existing procedure manuals. Agencies and individuals should use the Guidelines to compare existing procedures, fill gaps in and update site-specific procedures, create procedures where they do not exist, and train program staff. CIFOR intends the Guidelines to serve as a foundation for epidemiologists, laboratorians, environmental health specialists, and others involved in food-safety programs. Many local, state, and federal government agencies work to solve outbreaks of foodborne diseases, and CIFOR hopes this document will standardize foodborne disease investigation across all those agencies. Technical experts from different government and academic organizations across the country, representing a wide variety of disciplines, have compiled the information in the Guidelines. The Guidelines have undergone a comprehensive public review process. CIFOR considers these Guidelines a consensus document that captures best practices and identifies emerging new practices in outbreak response to foodborne diseases." - preface ; 1. Overview of CIFOR guidelines -- 2. Fundamental concepts of public health surveillance and foodborne disease -- 3. Planning and preparation -- 4. Foodborne disease surveillance and outbreak detection -- 5. Investigation of clusters and outbreaks 6. Control measures -- 7. Special considerations for multijurisdictional outbreaks -- 8. Performance indicators for foodborne disease programs -- 9. Legal preparedness for the surveillance and control of foodborne disease outbreaks -- Appendix 1: Glossary -- Appendix 2: Onset, duration, and symptoms of foodborne illness and associated organism or toxin (from the US Food and Drug -- Administration Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook) -- Appendix 3: List of key Websites and resources cited ; Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak and Response. ; Title from title screen (viewed July 30, 2009). ; System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. ; Mode of access: Internet via the World Wide Web . ; Electronic book. ; Suggested Citation: Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response (CIFOR). Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response. Atlanta: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, 2009. ; Publication supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement Number 1U38HM000414.

BACKGROUND: A key purpose of the International Health Regulations (IHR) is to prevent unwarranted interruptions to trade and travel during large and/or transnational infectious disease outbreaks. Nevertheless, such outbreaks continue to disrupt the travel industry. This aspect of the IHR has received little attention in the academic literature despite its considerable impact on affected States and commercial activity. This article outlines the challenges and gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between outbreaks and the travel sector and discusses the opportunities for further research and policy work to overcome these challenges. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a literature review on the relationship between outbreaks and travel restrictions, with a particular focus on the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. This review was complemented by an expert roundtable at Chatham House and further supported by case studies and qualitative interviews. RESULTS: Numerous travel stakeholders are affected by, and affect, large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. These stakeholders react in different ways: peer pressure plays an important role for both governments and the travel sector, and the reactions of the media and public influence and are influenced by these stakeholders. While various data sources on travel are available, and World Health Organization is mandated to work with States, there is no recognized coordinating body to disseminate timely, consistent, reliable and authoritative information and best practices to all stakeholders. CONCLUSION: This article highlights the interdependent relationship between various travel stakeholders. The reasons for interruption of travel during the 2014-16 Ebola outbreak were complex, with decisions by States only partly contributing to the cessation. Decisions by non-state actors, particularly the travel industry itself, contributed significantly and were based on a variety of factors. Further research, analysis and policy development are required to mitigate the health and economic consequences of infectious disease outbreaks. Any further research will also need to take account of COVID-19 travel-related issues.

Health promotion, disease outbreaks and health emergencies -- Collecting information effectively and quickly -- The public communication approach -- The risk communication approach -- Engaging with communities -- The global Ebola virus disease response -- Health promotion and person to person disease outbreaks -- Health promotion and vector borne disease outbreaks -- Addressing rumour, resistance and security issues -- The post outbreak and emergency response

In recent years, fears about infectious diseases with pandemic potential have led to global initiatives to predict, prepare and respond to outbreaks. Practices that are focused on prediction and control centre on turning uncertainties into 'risk', through surveillance, modelling and scenario planning. We argue that, alongside scientific uncertainties, a further source of uncertainty has come into view for science-policy communities: the behaviour of affected populations and the social and political dynamics of disease 'hotspots'. We contend that this has catalysed an increased recognition of social science perspectives, with new practices emerging, detected in approaches that aim to standardise risk communication and community engagement, or to synthesise social knowledge to make 'context' more discretely legible. We suggest that such initiatives can also be viewed as part of a broader suite of technologies to transform uncertainties into calculable risks. In this chapter, we seek to open up a richer dialogue about the different understandings of uncertainty, illustrating the potential contestation between the official response efforts of agencies, and alternative ways of knowing and responding to outbreaks in 'communities', grounded in local-level practice. In conclusion, we reflect on the limits in comprehending the ontological dimensions of uncertainty: for people living in these settings, it is not 'context' that is salient, but the ongoing flow – or text – of social and ecological life, where everyday uncertainties are constantly faced. We ask if alternative processes might be possible for formulating international planning frameworks, more attentive to views 'from below' that could reveal alternative priorities and ways of being-in-the-world.

For OutbreakSum, there are Word and PDF versions of the final report, as well as PowerPoint and PDF versions of the final presentation. A ZIP file with an extensive code base also is included. ; The goal of the fall 2014 Disease Outbreak Project (OutbreakSum) was to develop software for automatically analyzing and summarizing large collections of texts pertaining to disease outbreaks. Although our code was tested on collections about specific diseases--a small one about Encephalitis and a large one about Ebola--most of our tools would work on texts about any infectious disease, where the key information relates to locations, dates, number of cases, symptoms, prognosis, and government and healthcare organization interventions. In the course of the project, we developed a code base that performs several key Natural Language Processing (NLP) functions. Some of the tools that could potentially be useful for other Natural Language Generation (NLG) projects include: 1. A framework for developing MapReduce programs in Python that allows for local running and debugging; 2. Tools for document collection cleanup procedures such as small-file removal, duplicate-file removal (based on content hashes), sentence and paragraph tokenization, nonrelevant file removal, and encoding translation; 3. Utilities to simplify and speed up Named Entity Recognition with Stanford NER by using the Java API directly; 4. Utilities to leverage the full extent of the Stanford CoreNLP library, which include tools for parsing and coreference resolution; 5. Utilities to simplify using the OpenNLP Java library for text processing. By configuring and running a single Java class, you can use OpenNLP to perform part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition on your entire collection in minutes. Weve classified the tools available in OutbreakSum into four major modules: 1. Collection Processing; 2. Local Language Processing; 3. MapReduce with Apache Hadoop; 4. Summarization. ; NSF DUE-1141209 and IIS-1319578

A study of Southeast Asia's response to infectious disease outbreaks -- The revised IHR in practice -- The political context in Southeast Asia -- Sovereignty, regional cooperation, and health security -- The forging of political support for APSED -- Surveillance and reporting practice in Southeast Asia -- Understanding the differences in reporting responsibilities -- The sustainability of health security in Southeast Asia