Suchergebnisse

Cilj rada je analizirati prostornu distribuciju knjižnične djelatnosti u Republici Hrvatskoj. U tu svrhu, predstavljena je struktura mreže knjižnica u RH, navedena je hijerarhija knjižničnih centara (općina i gradova koje imaju knjižnicu) te je analizirana razvijenost knjižnične djelatnosti i korištenost samih knjižnica kroz odabrane pokazatelje. Također, napravljena je usporedba razvijenosti knjižnica prema makroregijama, županijama i jedinicama lokalne samouprave. Nadalje, današnje stanje uspoređeno je sa stanjem iz 1990. godine. Prikupljeni podaci obrađeni su metodama analize, sinteze i komparativnom metodom te su prikazani grafičkim i kartografskim metodama prikazivanja podataka. Na temelju provedene analize, može se konstatirati kako je mreža narodnih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj relativno dobro razvijena, no još uvijek postoje prostori u kojima ima mjesta za razvoj. ; The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial distribution of libraries in the Republic of Croatia. To this end, the structure of the library network in the Republic of Croatia and the hierarchy of library centers (municipalities and cities that have a library) is presented, while the development of libraries and its usage are analyzed through selected indicators. A comparison of the development of libraries has been made according to macro-regions, counties and local government units. Furthermore, the current situation has been compared to the state of the library system in 1990. The collected data is analyzed and presented using graphical and cartographic methods. Based on the conducted analysis, it can be stated that the network of public libraries in Croatia is relatively well developed, but there are still some areas where further development can be implemented.

Knjiga je afirmirana kao metafora za svijet znanja, a umnogome je utjecala i na sam sadržaj znanja ne samo kao čuvarica i prenositeljica istog, pa stoga budućnost knjige i njezinih inačica nije tek rasprava o budućnosti nekog proizvoda već pitanje usmjeravanja procesa koji oblikuju kulture i civilizacije. Hoće li se s tiskanom knjigom dogoditi isto što se dogodilo s voštanim svijećama nakon izuma žarulje? Hoće li digitalizacija zapisa bitno utjecati ne samo na demokratizaciju, mobilnost, dostupnost, preglednost znanja, koja se knjigom u obje ove forma čuva i distribuira, ili će e-knjiga svojom multimedijalnom interaktivnošću i višedimenzionalnošću uvelike utjecati ne samo na distribuciju već i na samo znanje? Trenutne ponude i čitanosti e-knjige u Hrvatskoj sugeriraju da ona nije zaživjela. Ni državne politike nemaju stvarnih nakana potpomaganja eknjige. Potpore su započele, ali su tek simbolične, porezna regulativa ne izjednačava tiskanu i e-knjigu što svakako ne pomaže promociji i potpori e-knjige u Hrvatskoj. ; Book is affirmed as a metaphor for the world of knowledge and it has greatly influenced on the knowledge content not only as a keeper and carrier of the same, therefore future of the book and its varieties is not a discussion about some product future but an issue of directing processes which form cultures and civilizations. Will the printed book have the same future as candles after the light bulb had been invented? Will the writings digitalization greatly influence on democratization, mobility, availability, knowledge visibility, which is preserved and distributed in both of these forms or will the e-book with its multimedia interactivity and multidimensionality greatly influence not only on distribution but also knowledge? Current offers and readership rating of e-book in Croatia suggest that it is yet to take hold. State policies also do not have real intentions for supporting e-books. Support has started, but only symbolically, tax regulation does not equalize printed and e-book what certainly does not help promotion and support of e-book in Croatia.

Classical liberalism as opposed to traditional concepts has established a notion of justice that envisages the equality of individual (negative) freedoms & (tutelary) rights. Under the influence of socialist criticism, modern-day liberals have been trying to include within the concept of justice the problem of the distribution of positive freedoms & rights. The already classic attempt of solving this problem is John Rawls's theory that defines justice as fairness, based on the principles of the equality of basic freedoms of individuals compatible with the freedom of other individuals; the distribution of goods that will most benefit the least privileged; & the primacy of freedom over social equality & justice over economic efficiency. In a pluralist society, these principles should facilitate the establishment of the "overlapping consensus" among divergent social groups on the issues of the basic social structure. In his attempt to solve the problems of social equality, which Rawls's theory leaves open-ended, Michael Walzer postulates the principle of complex equality, which requires different ways of distribution for different types of goods. These types cannot be specified in advance; however, their distribution is the most remarkable skill of liberal politics. Finally, the author claims that the problem of a just political organization of multicultural societies can be solved by applying Rawls's principles of fairness to the negotiating processes & to achieving consensus among divergent cultural groups on certain issues. Adapted from the source document.

Svrha ovoga rada jest izrada sintetičnog pokazatelja pomoću kojeg bi se olakšalo identificiranje, vrednovanje i usporedba demografskih resursa. Sekundarni je cilj da se prema vrijednosti sintetičnog pokazatelja oblikuje tipologija prostornih jedinica u Republici Hrvatskoj. Sintetični pokazatelj nazvan je indeks demografskih resursa (ider ). Čine ga dvije osnovne sastavnice: demografski indeks (idem ) i indeks obrazovanosti (io ). Demografska masa uključena je u izračun, i to kao korektiv u obliku koeficijenta (k). Prvu sastavnicu indeksa čini jedanaest varijabli. Sadržava opći smjer demografskih promjena u prošlom razdoblju, najvažnije indikatore demografskog potencijala te sintetični pokazatelj prirodnoga kretanja i dobnog sastava stanovništva. Drugu sastavnicu indeksa čine četiri varijable. Sadržava obilježja dosegnutog stupnja obrazovanosti stanovništva te naznake budućih proporcija najobrazovanijega kontingenta. Na temelju dobivenih vrijednosti sintetičnog pokazatelja oblikovana je tipologija hrvatskih prostornih jedinica sa šest tipova demografskih resursa te su određena njihova temeljna obilježja. Sintetični pokazatelj demografskih resursa pokazao se relevantnim i primjenjivim na svim razinama hrvatskih prostornih jedinica. ; The purpose of this paper is to work out a synthetic indicator, which would help in identification, evaluation and comparison of demographic resources. The secondary aim is to form a spatial unit typology in the Republic of Croatia according to the synthetic indicator's value. The synthetic indicator has been named demographic resources index (ider ). It consists of two basic components: demographic index (idem ) and education index (io ). Population size is included in the calculation, specifically as a corrective in the form of a coefficient (k). The first index-component consists of eleven variables. It includes a general direction of demographic changes in the past period, the most important indicators of demographic potential and the synthetic indicator of the population natural change and age structure. The second index component consists of four variables. It includes the characteristics of the population's attained level of education, as well as indications of the most educated contingent's future proportions. Based on the obtained values of the synthetic indicator, a typology of Croatian territorial units has been formed with six types of demographic resources, and their basic characteristics have been determined. The synthetic indicator of demographic resources has turned out to be relevant and applicable on all levels of Croatian territorial units.

This article reconstructs and interprets Bakaric's views on the causes of reproduction of extensive economic development in Yugoslavia in the historical context. Emphasis is put on Bakaric's political-economic criticism of the ideology and practice of Yugoslav socialism. His research into the causes of the economic structure's lack of balance and the consequences thereof starts from the etatist relations of production, which were the basic framework and an insurmountable obstacle to the possibility of their liberalization. He found the causes of imbalance in the bureaucratic relations and in the basic motives of the governing stratum to ensure -- through incessant new big investments -- mass employment, improvement of the standard of living, additional influx to the budget and preservation of the monopoly of party power. A long process of gradual, slow and uneven development of self-government in an unequally developed multiethnic community did not make it possible to break out of the vicious circle. Frequent normative and organizational changes concealed constant political debates and conflicts regarding budget distribution and fiscal solidarity among the republics and regions. Bakaric was critical towards the governing stratum, which focused on distribution instead of fulfilling prerequisites for far-reaching changes of the economic and social system, and this resulted in a general crisis and in the collapse of the Yugoslav model of socialism. Adapted from the source document.

The paper analyzes developments on the Croatian television market during the last decade, focusing specially on the changes that have been taking place since 2009 and their effect on the diversity and pluralism of the current television programs. The study presents the data on the structural diversity of the Croatian television market which reached its peak in the second decade of the 21st century, as the processes of privatization and commercialization had been completed. The research includes data and the analysis of the television audience distribution during last several years, showing the major change regarding the position of the public service broadcaster which occurred during that time. Content pluralism and diversity of the television programs were analyzed using the data on the genres structure of the main national broadcasters, one public and two commercial, with the emphasis on the news and current affairs genres as well as the other high social value programs regarded as the content in the public interest. The genres structures and distribution in the overall national television program output were put in the relation to the genres audience ratings, showing the gap between the 'supply' of the programs offering content in the public interest and the audience 'demand' expressed by their total audience share, which could be considered as the guideline for the media policy and regulation. In the conclusion, the potential of the television pluralism and diversity as the possible tool to enhance the democratic functions of the media in Croatia are pointed out, as well as the need for further audience research which would explore complex relation between genres and audience expectations, needs and choices. Adapted from the source document.

The paper analyzes developments on the Croatian television market during the last decade, focusing specially on the changes that have been taking place since 2009 and their effect on the diversity and pluralism of the current television programs. The study presents the data on the structural diversity of the Croatian television market which reached its peak in the second decade of the 21st century, as the processes of privatization and commercialization had been completed. The research includes data and the analysis of the television audience distribution during last several years, showing the major change regarding the position of the public service broadcaster which occurred during that time. Content pluralism and diversity of the television programs were analyzed using the data on the genres structure of the main national broadcasters, one public and two commercial, with the emphasis on the news and current affairs genres as well as the other high social value programs regarded as the content in the public interest. The genres structures and distribution in the overall national television program output were put in the relation to the genres audience ratings, showing the gap between the 'supply' of the programs offering content in the public interest and the audience 'demand' expressed by their total audience share, which could be considered as the guideline for the media policy and regulation. In the conclusion, the potential of the television pluralism and diversity as the possible tool to enhance the democratic functions of the media in Croatia are pointed out, as well as the need for further audience research which would explore complex relation between genres and audience expectations, needs and choices. Adapted from the source document.

The paper analyzes developments on the Croatian television market during the last decade, focusing specially on the changes that have been taking place since 2009 and their effect on the diversity and pluralism of the current television programs. The study presents the data on the structural diversity of the Croatian television market which reached its peak in the second decade of the 21st century, as the processes of privatization and commercialization had been completed. The research includes data and the analysis of the television audience distribution during last several years, showing the major change regarding the position of the public service broadcaster which occurred during that time. Content pluralism and diversity of the television programs were analyzed using the data on the genres structure of the main national broadcasters, one public and two commercial, with the emphasis on the news and current affairs genres as well as the other high social value programs regarded as the content in the public interest. The genres structures and distribution in the overall national television program output were put in the relation to the genres audience ratings, showing the gap between the 'supply' of the programs offering content in the public interest and the audience 'demand' expressed by their total audience share, which could be considered as the guideline for the media policy and regulation. In the conclusion, the potential of the television pluralism and diversity as the possible tool to enhance the democratic functions of the media in Croatia are pointed out, as well as the need for further audience research which would explore complex relation between genres and audience expectations, needs and choices. Adapted from the source document.

Rad predstavlja pokušaj da se prikažu brojne nepravilnosti u provođenju UNICEF-ova Programa automobila i drugih prijevoznih sredstava u FNRJ. Zloupotreba voznog parka Međunarodnog dječjeg fonda usporila je razvoj nedovoljno izgrađene zdravstvene službe. "Problemi" u distribuciji roba i provođenju usluga posredno su se odrazili na zdravstveno zbrinjavanje najugroženijih kategorija stanovništva u Jugoslaviji po okončanju Drugog svjetskog rata. ; An analysis of the introduction of the UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) program concerning automobiles and other vehicles in Yugoslavia in the period from 1948 to 1954 reveals a number of injustices and misuses which significantly reduced the real value of one of the most expensive programs UNICEF administered in Yugoslavia, ultimately hurting the state as well as the users of the insufficiently supplied health services. Representatives of the government, the police, the military, as well as leaders of organizations misused the vehicles which they obtained from UNICEF. It is apparent that representatives of the government, who were organized according to the principle of political loyalty, did not pay sufficient attention to the problem of allocating UNICEF's services of resources. More care was shown only in cases when clear warnings were given that further aid would be terminated. In all other cases, a clear lack of care and disregard was shown toward the precious help provided by UNICEF, while its automobile compound was treated as property of the state. Later UNICEF introduced stricter policies regarding the distribution of vehicles, because it realized that the Yugoslav side was using the resources distributed for other purposes than those for which they were intended. Besides this, ten years after the end of the Second World War the situation in Europe had improved to a significant degree, meanwhile new crisis areas requiring UNICEF's attention had appeared in Asia, Africa, and South America. This change in UNICEF policies created a number of problems for the Yugoslavian government in terms of future cooperation with the UN organization, that is, the Yugoslavians had to pay far greater care and attention to the distribution of services and resources offered by UNICEF.

The author looks into the methodological features of public choice theory. Drawing on James Buchanan's contribution, he demonstrates the differences between that kind of approach (often dubbed political economy) vs welfare economics & mainstream economics. Unlike welfare economics, which tries to work out the optimal state of allocation & distribution of economic resources by using certain logical rules based on Pareto principles, or mainstream economics, which tries to identify the improvements in observable economic categories (such as national income or investment consumption), political economy encompasses the process of collective decision making, ie, politics. In this, the efficacy criterion is the extent of consent (consensus) in collective decision making. The author concludes that Buchanan & G. Tullock's joint contribution in The Calculus of Consent paved the way for introducing a legitimate categorical mechanism for investigating the costs of political decision making in political science. 3 Figures, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

Rad istražuje načine na koje su rodni odnosi izraženi kroz specifičnu komunikativnu infrastrukturu grada – nazive javnih prostora i urbane plastike – čija svrha, tvrdimo, nadilazi funkcionalnu (orijentir; komemoracija verzije nacionalne povijesti) i su-određuje odnose moći u sferi roda. Analizirajući obrasce označavanja, oblikovanja i pozicioniranja imena, ploča i spomenika u Zagrebu, kombinacijom statističke obrade, mapiranja i istraživačke šetnje, pokazujemo da urbano znakovlje glavnog grada Hrvatske, u vremenu širenja debate o rodnoj ravnopravnosti, zadržava dominantno patrijarhalno uređenje koje je nasljeđeno iz perioda posvemašnjeg rasta, s kraja 19./početka 20. i sredinom 20. stoljeća, i znatno preferira muškarce kao aktere i tumače javnog prostora i povijesti. Usvojena prostorna analiza obuhvaća ne samo učestalost nego i prostornu distribuciju te tipove reprezentacije žena u urbanom znakovlju (imena, ploče, spomenici) Zagreba. Dobiveni rezultati propituju se pod lupom kritičke i konstruktivističke škole kulturnih studija i kontekstualiziraju procesima medijske posredovanosti gradova i urbanog života tranzicijskih društava. ; This paper investigates the ways in which gender relations are articulated through a particular communicative urban infrastructure, such as names of public spaces and public art. We argue that their selective design and distribution suggest meanings beyond functional purposes (to serve as orientation points or as national commemorative sites) and co-constitute gendered power relations. Reading the patterns of signification, formulation and positioning of names, plaques and statues in Zagreb, through our raft of statistical analysis, mapping, and ethnographic walks, we show that the urban signage of the capital of Croatia, in a time of increased debates about gender equality and identity, continues to uphold the patriarchy inherited from earlier periods of city growth, namely the late 19th/early 20th centuries and mid-20th century. Our spatial analysis concerns not only the frequency but also spatial distribution and forms of representation of women in the names of public spaces and commemorative plaques and statues. The research presented here suggests that Zagreb's public urban signage significantly prefers men to women as actors in public space and nation's history. We discuss our findings from the perspective of critical and constructivist approaches in cultural studies and contextualise them with reference to the ways in which contemporary urban spaces are said to be 'mediated cities'.

The author portrays the crisis of national & state sovereignty in contemporary Europe, the consequence of economic & political integrational processes, & the creation of new supranational institutions. The question is whether these supranational institutions can be democratically structured & if they can provide for the level of social integration that used to be secured by the national state. The most recent discussions have revolved around theoretical concepts of denationalized sovereignties, international legislation, & asynchronous denationalization, which are indicative of the crisis of national sovereignty. Possible modes of the distribution of sovereign authorities among various constituents have been developed based on an extremely interesting historical parallel between the institutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation in the pivotal years from 1495 to 1576 & the existing or proposed institutions of the European Union. The prospects of the European Union, the author concludes, are not going to be determined or affected by the lack of democracy but by the lack of political efficiency & unity. Adapted from the source document.