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In this article, we analyse the impact of disruptive media events on the perceived value of diversity in editorial practices, with a specific focus on the Polish media debate following the onset of the Ukrainian-Russian war in February 2022. We do this based on a unique dataset derived from in-depth interviews with eight editors representing four different newsrooms conducted before, immediately after, and approximately one year after the start of the war. Our research answers the question of whether newsrooms can defend the value of diversity during the coverage of war and crisis. We also assess the impact of the changed geopolitical context, characterised by nation-building mobilisation and public sentiments of solidarity with Ukrainians, on editorial decisions to mute, delay, or opt out of publishing certain stories. We contribute to research on the epistemologies of journalistic news production during times of crisis, news diversity, and the role of the media in democratic societies.

The growth of cultural diversity in Finnish social and health care workplaces challenges to develop not only ways of working and interaction but also organizational structures. Work communities as a whole are facing new challenges. The aim of this book is to help work communities develop well-functioning practices for intercultural work. Effective interaction between cultures provides the foundation not only for the well-being of staff and customers, but also for the financial success of the organization. The paper presents five action studies in the social and health care organization, which analyzed the abrasion points of everyday interaction, developed functional practices and corrective measures, and evaluated the effects of interventions. The aim of the project was to bring about structural reforms in support of inter-cultural work, since only the changes would become permanent. - Kulttuurisen monimuotoisuuden kasvu Suomen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon työyhteisöissä haastaa kehittämään paitsi työskentely- ja vuorovaikutustapoja myös organisationaalisia rakenteita. Työyhteisöt kokonaisuudessaan ovat uusien haasteiden edessä. Tämän teoksen tavoitteena on auttaa työyhteisöjä kehittämään hyvin toimivia käytäntöjä kulttuurien välisen työn arkeen. Toimiva kulttuurien välinen vuorovaikutus luo pohjaa paitsi henkilöstön ja asiakkaiden hyvinvoinnille myös organisaation taloudelliselle menestymiselle. Teoksessa esitellään viidessä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon organisaatiossa toteutettua toimintatutkimusta, jossa selvitettiin arjen vuorovaikutuksen hankauspisteitä, kehitettiin toimivia käytäntöjä ja korjaavia toimenpiteitä ja arvioitiin interventioiden vaikutuksia. Hankkeen tavoitteena oli saada aikaan kulttuurien välistä työtä tukevia rakenteellisia uudistuksia, sillä vain siten muutoksista tulee pysyviä.

The article addresses the issue of change in the government-university relationships. As has become increasingly clear for both analysts of higher education policy and for administrators in higher education institutions, a fundamental shift in the relationship between national governments and higher education institutions is taking place in many Western European countries. In some countries, these changes are occurring at greater speed than in others, but movement to what has been labelled "state supervision" is quite dominant. The first part of the article analyses the rationale for this change at system level by tracing its historical imperatives; after which it discusses the concept of the supervisory governance model. The second part focuses in particular on one of the key of this objective and what doing so implies for the role and function of higher education institutions. By focussing on the specific issue of diversity, the authors intend to demonstrate the dynamic relationship between governments and higher education institutions that is implied in the supervisory model. ; Artykuł jest poświęcony zmianom w stosunkach między rządem i uniwersytetem. Zarówno dla analizujących politykę wobec szkolnictwa wyższego, jak i dla zarządzających szkołami wyższymi coraz bardziej oczywisty staje się fakt, że w wielu państwach Europy Zachodniej dokonują się zasadnicze zmiany w relacjach między państwem a instytucjami szkolnictwa wyższego. W niektórych krajach zmiany te zachodzą szybciej niż w pozostałych, lecz powszechna jest tendencja do przeobrażania stanu nazwanego "regulacją państwową" . W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy zajmują się systemowymi determinantami tych zmian, eksponując czynniki historyczne, oraz sposobem tworzenia państwowej regulacji. W drugiej części koncentrują się na jednym z kluczowych celów polityki w stosunku do szkół wyższych, to jest na problemie różnorodności i instrumentach realizacji strategii regulacji, a także na skutkach, jakie one wywierają w sferze misji oraz zadań szkół wyższych. Koncentrując się na problemie różnorodności, autorzy starają się pokazać zmiany zachodzące - pod wpływem modelu regulacji - w stosunkach między państwem a szkołami wyższymi.

Over the last hundred years, there have been accomplished visible and beneficial to women changes related to equalization of their chances in the labour market. Thanks to feminist movements of the first and second wave women gained access to education and the right to vote, there was accomplished progress in women's access to the labour market, to business and managerial positions. The data for Poland show that contemporary women are better educated than men and have qualifications adequate for managerial positions at the top executive level - become owners of company or hold positions of presidents and general directors. There are increasingly more studies proving that gender diversity is profitable for companies, as it generates higher effectiveness due to higher efficiency and greater creativity of diversified teams. Facing radical demographic changes resulting with the lower number of successive generations entering the labour market, it is essential to take advantage of the potential of increasingly higher educated women and to treat them as the labour force resource equal to men (and not subordinate). Patriarchy as a social system where women play inferior roles to men is exhausting its significance and ceases to be justified, i.e. it does not facilitate socio-economic development or welfare of societies. It is being replaced with partnership of women and men both at work and in family. Transformation of patriarchy into partnership is a longstanding process, therefore, in order to accelerate it, there are implemented solutions in a form of quotas in politics and business which are actions of interim character - implemented for a determined period in order to achieve faster the goal which is obtaining gender balance in decision-making bodies. ; Na przestrzeni ostatnich stu lat dokonały się dostrzegalne i korzystne dla kobiet zmiany związane z wyrównywaniem ich szans na rynku pracy. Dzięki ruchom feministycznym pierwszej i drugiej fali kobiety uzyskały prawo do edukacji i prawa wyborcze, dokonał się postęp w ...

The Treaty of Amsterdam introduced the provisions concerning the establishment o f enhanced cooperation in the European Union that were not been applied for over a decade after its signing. The first time it happened was in 2010. The EU Council made a decision to establish such a form o f cooperation on two more occasions - most recently in 2013, on a financial transaction tax (FTT). In this way, the enhanced cooperation has become a permanent and increasingly important form of cooperation within the EU, helping to deepen the diversity of integration in the Union. The paper aims to show the importance of the development of enhanced cooperation, including in particular the subsequent decision to implement enhanced cooperation in the area of FTT, for the functioning of the EU. To outline the context of this problem, the legal basis for enhanced cooperation contained in the Treaties and the examples of integration diversity before 2010 are synthetically indicated; the actions and decisions taken by the states and the EU institutions in connection with the economic crisis, which also affected the diversity of integration in the EU, are listed; and the two first cases of enhanced cooperation are briefly described. The most important conclusions are contained in the final part of the study. ; The Treaty of Amsterdam introduced the provisions concerning the establishment o f enhanced cooperation in the European Union that were not been applied for over a decade after its signing. The first time it happened was in 2010. The EU Council made a decision to establish such a form o f cooperation on two more occasions - most recently in 2013, on a financial transaction tax (FTT). In this way, the enhanced cooperation has become a permanent and increasingly important form of cooperation within the EU, helping to deepen the diversity of integration in the Union. The paper aims to show the importance of the development of enhanced cooperation, including in particular the subsequent decision to implement enhanced cooperation in the area of FTT, for the functioning of the EU. To outline the context of this problem, the legal basis for enhanced cooperation contained in the Treaties and the examples of integration diversity before 2010 are synthetically indicated; the actions and decisions taken by the states and the EU institutions in connection with the economic crisis, which also affected the diversity of integration in the EU, are listed; and the two first cases of enhanced cooperation are briefly described. The most important conclusions are contained in the final part of the study.

Przez ponad dekadę postanowienia o możliwości ustanowienia w Unii Europejskiej wzmocnionej współpracy (wprowadzone na mocy Traktatu z Amsterdamu) nie były wykorzystywane. Po raz pierwszy stało się to w 2010 r. Od tego momentu Rada UE jeszcze dwukrotnie podejmowała decyzje o ustanowieniu takiej współpracy - ostatnio w 2013 r. w sprawie podatku od transakcji finansowych (PTF; ang. financial transaction tax). W ten sposób wzmocniona współpraca staje się trwałą i coraz ważniejszą formą współpracy w UE, przyczyniając się do pogłębienia zróżnicowania integracji w Unii. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczenia rozwoju wzmocnionej współpracy, w tym przede wszystkim kolejnej decyzji o jej ustanowieniu w zakresie PTF, dla funkcjonowania UE. Aby zarysować kontekstu tego problemu, syntetycznie wskazano także zawarte w traktatach podstawy prawne wzmocnionej współpracy, przejawy zróżnicowania integracji sprzed roku 2010, wymieniono działania i decyzje podjęte przez państwa i instytucje UE w związku z kryzy¬sem gospodarczym, które również wpłynęły na zróżnicowanie integracji w UE oraz krótko przybliżono dwa pierwsze przypadki ustanowienia wzmocnionej współpracy. Najistotniejsze wnioski zawarto w ostatniej części artykułu. ; The Treaty of Amsterdam introduced the provisions concerning the establishment of enhanced cooperation in the European Union that were not been applied for over a decade after its signing. The first time it happened was in 2010. The EU Council made a decision to establish such a form of cooperation on two more occasions - most recently in 2013, on a financial transaction tax (FTT). In this way, the enhanced cooperation has become a permanent and increasingly important form of cooperation within the EU, helping to deepen the diversity of integration in the Union. The paper aims to show the importance of the development of enhanced cooperation, including in particular the subsequent decision to implement enhanced cooperation in the area of FTT, for the functioning of the EU. To outline the context of this problem, the legal basis for enhanced cooperation contained in the Treaties and the examples of integration diversity before 2010 are synthetically indicated; the actions and decisions taken by the states and the EU institutions in connection with the economic crisis, which also affected the diversity of integration in the EU, are listed; and the two first cases of enhanced cooperation are briefly described. The most important conclusions are contained in the final part of the study.

Työyhteisösovittelu on tuore ja vähän tutkittu sovittelun osa-alue, joka ottaa oppia rikos- ja koulusovittelun tuloksellisista kokemuksista. Kilpailu- ja suoriteyhteiskunnan kielteisten ilmiöiden vastapainoksi tarvitaan hyvinvointia edistäviä välineitä, toivon näkökulmaa ja uskoa ihmisyyteen. Tutkimuksessa kuvataan työyhteisösovittelun mallin muodostuminen kuntatyöyhteisössä ja työyhteisösovitteluun osallistuneiden kokemuksia työyhteisösovittelusta ristiriita- ja ongelmatilanteiden ratkaisumenetelmänä. Työyhteisösovittelua lähestytään postmodernin organisaatioajattelun ja tulkinnallisen paradigman näkökulmasta kvalitatiivisella tutkimusotteella. Tutkimuksen aineistona on kuusamolaisen työyhteisösovitteluhankkeen ohjausryhmässä sekä hankkeen tiedotus- ja koulutustilaisuuksissa käydyt keskustelut, jotka katsotaan narraatioiksi. Saatua aineistoa täydennetään haastattelemalla työyhteisösovitteluun osallistuneita narraatiossa syntyneiden teemojen pohjalta. Tutkimusaineisto analysoidaan käyttäen narratiivista ja sisällön analyysiä. Tutkimuksen päätuloksena esitetään työyhteisösovittelun malli kuntatyöyhteisössä liittäen sen organisaatioteoreettisen ajattelun kehittymiseen modernista postmodernin moniäänisyyteen. Parhaimmillaan työyhteisön destruktiivinen ristiriita muuttuu konstruktiiviseksi dialogiksi työyhteisösovittelun keinoin. Fasilitaattorina toimiva sovittelija voi arvostavana kuuntelijana tukea niiden äänien vahvistumista, joilla henkilöt eheyttäen koostavat yhteistä todellisuuttaan. Työyhteisösovittelun jatkuvuus turvataan työsuojelun ja työterveyshuollon organisaatioiden koordinointivastuun myötä. Saadun tiedon avulla lisätään työhyvinvointia ja sitä kautta työn tuottavuutta, tuloksellisuutta ja vaikuttavuutta. Lisää hallintotieteellistä tutkimusta tarvitaan työyhteisösovittelun mallin ja periaatteiden toimivuudesta ja yleistettävyydestä monenlaisissa organisaatioissa, kuten myös työyhteisösovittelun tuotteistamisen mahdollisuudesta Britannian ja USA:n tapaan. ; Workplace mediation is a fresh and less studied part of mediation. The excellent results of crime and school mediation is encouragment to move towards this type of mediation in regards to workplace conflicts. As a counterbalance for the disadvantages of the competative society we live in, a balance of wellbeing, hope and trust among peers is needed. The purpose of this study is to describe how the model of workplace mediation is formed in a municipality workplace and how the people taking part in this mediation, experience it as a dispute resolution model. Workplace mediation is approached from the aspect of postmodern organization theory with qualitative research method. The empirical evidence for this study is collected from the discussions within guidance group meetings and also complemented with interviews from participants of the workplace mediation meetings. The collected evidence was analyzed by narrative and content analysis. The main result of this study is itself the model of the workplace mediation in municipal workplaces connecting it to the development of the organization theory from modern to postmodern diversity. The most encouraging result of the mediation is that the destructive conflict then turns into constructive dialogue with the help of the facilitative mediators present. Respecting listener can reinforce those voices the participants use to build their common reality. Workplace mediation is seen as a possible dispute resolution method within the workplace environment. The results of this study within the workplace wellbeing and results of the work can be approved. Further research would be beneficial in finding out if these same results can be achieved within other organizations. As well the possibility to make business of workplace mediation would be interesting.

This article explores current issues of minority education in China, especially in the context of religion and language education. In the first part of the article, the author describes (1) cultural and political framework of Chinese education in general and (2) current educational conditions, also discussing differences in educational attainment for minority groups in China. The second part of the article presents the situation of minority religions, which is not really recognised in state schooling in China. The author shows educational examples from the Tibet region and from Muslim education. The third part of the article explores another major challenge related to ethnic minority schooling, which is language diversity. In the final part of the paper, the author tries to comment on Chinese minority education dilemmas and concludes with some social recommendations. ; This article explores current issues of minority education in China, especially in the context of religion and language education. In the first part of the article, the author describes (1) cultural and political framework of Chinese education in general and (2) current educational conditions, also discussing differences in educational attainment for minority groups in China. The second part of the article presents the situation of minority religions, which is not really recognised in state schooling in China. The author shows educational examples from the Tibet region and from Muslim education. The third part of the article explores another major challenge related to ethnic minority schooling, which is language diversity. In the final part of the paper, the author tries to comment on Chinese minority education dilemmas and concludes with some social recommendations.

In recent decades, society has fundamentally changed; there are political changes affecting education and, consequently, demands on teachers' work change, as well as parents' and society's expectations of teachers. The main aim of this qualitative research is to map the changes in the conditions of teachers' work in the Czech Republic in the last thirty years according to the subjective perception of teachers-experts, i.e. respondents. The respondents are teachers who have been active in the profession for at least thirty years. All the respondents are women working as primary school teachers (Dáša, Lucie, Jana, Danka, Blanka, Dominika, Karolína).In the research we deal with the following areas: interpersonal relationships at the workplace, communication and cooperation with pupils' parents, and the teacher-pupil relationship.The most important results of this research are as follows. The respondents are aware of and perceive the decreasing authority of the teacher today. They point out that the teacher's authority has degraded in the eyes of pupils, parents, and society. The most widespread problem faced by teachers is the disruptive behavior of pupils, which may interfere with teaching.Moreover, today's teachers sometimes have to deal with parents who are completely uncritical of their children, whom they trust completely. When problems arise, these parents never see the root cause in their child but in other classmates or, most frequently, in the teacher. If a child receives a bad grade, these parents are willing to go to the teacher and try to find the error on their side rather than in their own children.

In recent decades, society has fundamentally changed; there are political changes affecting education and, consequently, demands on teachers' work change, as well as parents' and society's expectations of teachers. The main aim of this qualitative research is to map the changes in the conditions of teachers' work in the Czech Republic in the last thirty years according to the subjective perception of teachers-experts, i.e. respondents. The respondents are teachers who have been active in the profession for at least thirty years. All the respondents are women working as primary school teachers (Dáša, Lucie, Jana, Danka, Blanka, Dominika, Karolína).In the research we deal with the following areas: interpersonal relationships at the workplace, communication and cooperation with pupils' parents, and the teacher-pupil relationship.The most important results of this research are as follows. The respondents are aware of and perceive the decreasing authority of the teacher today. They point out that the teacher's authority has degraded in the eyes of pupils, parents, and society. The most widespread problem faced by teachers is the disruptive behavior of pupils, which may interfere with teaching.Moreover, today's teachers sometimes have to deal with parents who are completely uncritical of their children, whom they trust completely. When problems arise, these parents never see the root cause in their child but in other classmates or, most frequently, in the teacher. If a child receives a bad grade, these parents are willing to go to the teacher and try to find the error on their side rather than in their own children.