Suchergebnisse

This study examines the peculiarities of traditional religious beliefs of indigenous peoples of the Krasnoyarsk Krai — Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets and Enets. The authors use comparative historical and historiographical methods, as well as rely on the results of field research conducted by employees of the Department of Cultural Studies at the Humanitarian Institute of Siberian Federal University in the territory of compact residence of these peoples in Krasnoyarsk Krai from 2010 to 2018. The study provides an overview of the main features of the traditional religious beliefs of each of the designated indigenous minorities with the definition of their current state. The results of the study make it possible to determine the general and specific features characteristic of the religious beliefs of Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets and Enets who live in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, both in their traditional form and in their present state

Abstract
Under conditions of intensive development in the northern and Arctic territories, the issue of preserving the linguistic and cultural diversity of the Peoples of the North and the Arctic of Russia is becoming increasingly relevant. Within this context, this article studies linguistic ecology in light of sustainable development and wellbeing in communities of Dolgan and Evenki—small-numbered indigenous peoples living in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. Linguistic ecology is associated with the study of factors affecting the functioning and development of language, as well as with the search for ways and means of preserving and enriching language. Monitoring the processes taking place in the speech practices of society makes it possible to judge some negative phenomena and trends in the language.

In dieser Arbeit wird anhand der Verfassungsschutzberichte des Bundesamts für Verfassungsschutz und Terrorismusbekämpfung (BVT) in Österreich analysiert, wie sich die drei in Österreich vorherrschenden Strömungen, Rechts- Links- und Islamistischer Extremismus bzw. Terrorismus in den Jahren zwischen 2014 bis 2018 entwickelt haben, wie hoch die Anzahl der extremistischen Vorfälle und deren Aufklärungsrate diesbezüglich ist.Insbesondere auch, welche politischen und gesellschaftlichen Ereignisse deren Entwicklung beeinflusst haben. In der Einleitung wird bereits eine Begriffserklärung von Extremismus per se und dessen drei Erscheinungsformen vorgenommen. Die Verfassungsberichte werden hinsichtlich der Determination, dem Aufbau, der Aktivität, laufenden Entwicklungen und abschließend anhand ihrer statistischen Angaben analysiert. Thematisiert werden in dieser Arbeit bezüglich des Rechtsextremismus deren zentralen Feindbilder, hinsichtlich des Linksextremismus deren internationale Verbindungen bzw. Demonstrationen und beim islamistischen Extremismus länderspezifische Phänomene. Anhand der Statistiken lässt sich erkennen, wie sich die Strömungen in diesem Zeitraum entwickelt haben, welche besonders aktiv waren und wo es zu Einbußen kam. Die behandelten Statistiken haben ergeben, dass es in den Jahren zwischen 2014 und 2016 zu einem deutlichen Anstieg von rechtsextremistischen Handlungen gekommen ist, die Zahlen bezüglich der linksextremen Szene zeigen einen geringeren Anstieg als die der Rechten. Bezüglich des islamistischen Extremismus ließ sich schwer zusammenfassen wie sich die Zahlen über die Jahre hinweg entwickelt haben, da keine durchgehende Methode bei der Erstellung der Berichte angewandt wurde. Es kam jedoch zu einem Anstieg von Foreign Terrorists mit laufenden Schwankungen über die Berichtszeiträume hinweg. ; This thesis analyses the General situation reports from the Office of Protection of the Constitution and Counterterrorism (BVT) in Austria, how Austrias three dominant currents, right wing, left wing and islamistextremism respectively terrorism developed between the years 2014 and 2018, the amount of extremist incidents and their detection rate. Also, especially which political and social occurrences influenced the development of the currents. The introduction of this thesis defines the concept of extremism and its three manifestations. The General situation reports are analyzed by their determination, their structure, their activism and also current developments. Finally their statistics are reviewed and assessed. Thematised in the thesis are, regarding the right-wing extremism their central enemies, regarding the left-wing extremism their international connections respectively demonstrations and regarding the islamist extremism their country-specific phenomena. Based on the statistics it is identified how the currents developed in this time period, which one of them were extremely active and which one of them lost in influence. The analyzed statistics showed an extreme increase of right-wing actions in the years between 2014 and 2016 and less of an increase for left-wing actions. Developments of the numbers regarding the islamist extremism were difficult to evaluate because of the noncontinuous methods by the reports. Nevertheless an increase of Foreign Terrorists with ups and downs through the General reports occurred. ; vorgelegt von Lisa-Marie Ebner-Dolgan ; Zusammenfassung in Deutsch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2020 ; (VLID)4731091

There are two factors affecting the way that Nenets and Dolgan people of Taymyr define their regional identity: 1) their traditional trade (reindeer herding); 2) ethnic art-making where the reindeer acts as an image and a symbol of ethnic traditions, touchstones, and values found among the indigenous peoples of Taymyr. Field research was conducted in Taymyr settlements (such as Nosok, Karaul, and Khatanga) from 2010 to 2014. The researchers interviewed Nenets and Dolgan people who belong to non-governmental organizations representing Taymyr indigenous peoples, run businesses or work in government agencies, schools, and other organizations implementing cultural policies. Indigenous peoples have very low economic and social activity. The Dolgans also have a very poor standard of living due to lack of reindeer. The Post-Soviet era has seen an income gap growing between the Dolgans and the Nenets and unequal economic groups being formed. Reviving reindeer herding is essential. Nenets and Dolgan reindeer herding is an economically inefficient subsidized branch of agriculture, but its role is symbolic rather than economic. Nenets and Dolgan reindeer herding is an ethnicity-forming and ethnicity-sustaining factor. Today's reindustrialization of Taymyr may end up exterminating its indigenous peoples' unique economic, environmental, and cultural practices. Taymyr's political establishment must pay due attention to the threat of ruining these unique practices. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s5p225

This article is an inquiry into the extent to which, and how, roles of men and women in indigenous communities in north-central Siberia have changed along with the changing economic and political context from the 1917 Communist Revolution to the post-Soviet era. The starting point for this investigation is archived data from the 1926/27 Polar Census of Siberia. Fieldwork conducted in the region in the 1990s and 2000s provides comparative materials. During this 80-year period, the development of centralized settlements and regional urban areas brought increasing professionalization of traditional economic activities and greater involvement of the indigenous population in civil service work. As a result, the flexibility of gender roles in the indigenous pre-Soviet economy was sacrificed in favor of work in state companies and organizations that followed gender contracts imposed following the general Soviet model. In the post-Soviet period, following the collapse of the Soviet planned economy greater flexibility in gender roles has been observed, along with increasing importance of informal exchange networks and reliance upon hunting, fishing and trapping as key inputs to local economies.

The Nenets cover a huge territory from Koma peninsula to Taimyr peninsula. Three administrative regions have their name, two autonomous districts (okrug) - the Nenets okrug in the North-East of European Russia and the Yamal Nenets okryg in Western Siberia - and, in the Krasnoyarsk province, the Taimyr municipal dolgan and nenets unit. What does that mean? What is at stake? ; Les Nenets couvrent un immense territoire allant de la presqu'île de Kola jusqu'à celle du Taïmyr. Trois régions administratives de Russie portent leur nom: deux arrondissements autonomes, celui des Nenets dans le nord-est de la partie européenne de la Russie, l'okroug nenets, celui des Nenets du Iamal, ainsi que, dans le kraï de Krasnoïarsk, le raïon «municipal» dolgane et nenets du Taïmyr. Quelle est la signification et quels sont les enjeux de ce découpage?

The Nenets cover a huge territory from Koma peninsula to Taimyr peninsula. Three administrative regions have their name, two autonomous districts (okrug) - the Nenets okrug in the North-East of European Russia and the Yamal Nenets okryg in Western Siberia - and, in the Krasnoyarsk province, the Taimyr municipal dolgan and nenets unit. What does that mean? What is at stake? ; Les Nenets couvrent un immense territoire allant de la presqu'île de Kola jusqu'à celle du Taïmyr. Trois régions administratives de Russie portent leur nom: deux arrondissements autonomes, celui des Nenets dans le nord-est de la partie européenne de la Russie, l'okroug nenets, celui des Nenets du Iamal, ainsi que, dans le kraï de Krasnoïarsk, le raïon «municipal» dolgane et nenets du Taïmyr. Quelle est la signification et quels sont les enjeux de ce découpage?