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Drug Abuse in the Modern World: A Perspective for the Eighties is a compilation of research papers presented at an international symposium, held at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. The focus of the conference is the assessment of the effects of addictive drugs on an individual, both in mind and body, and the repercussions of its widespread use on society, specifically during the decade of the 80's. The book is composed of 49 chapters, which were divided into five parts. The first part presents the pharmacological properties of addictive drugs; its effect on brain

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- PART I -- THEORETICAL ADVANCES AND ISSUES -- Structural Strain: An Ecological Paradigm for Studying African American Drug Use -- Explaining Race Differences in Adolescent and Young Adult Drug Use: The Role of Racialized Social Systems -- Stress and Coping as a Conceptual Framework for Studying Alcohol and Drug Use Among Asian American Adolescents -- A Model for Explaining Drug Use Behavior Among Hispanic Adolescents -- COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT: ADVANCES AND ISSUES -- Conducting Drug Abuse Prevention Research in Partnership with Native American Communities: Meeting Challenges Through Collaborative Approaches -- Involvement of the Hispanic Community in ATOD Research -- Building Bridges: Community Involvement in Drug and HIV Research Among Minority Populations -- PART II -- ACCESS, RECRUITMENT, AND RETENTION: ADVANCES AND ISSUES -- Gaining Access to Hidden Populations: Strategies for Gaining Cooperation of Drug Sellers/Dealers and Their Families in Ethnographic Research -- Strategies for Accessing and Retaining Asian Drug Users in Research Studies -- Obtaining Consent and Other Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Research in American Indian Communities -- Retention of Minority Populations in Panel Studies of Drug Use -- Reducing Selection Bias in the Use of Focus Groups to Investigate Hidden Populations: The Case of Mexican-American Gang Members from South Texas -- TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF MINORITY AND NON-MINORITY ABUSE RESEARCHERS AND RESEARCH TEAMS: ADVANCES AND ISSUES -- Building Effective Research Teams When Conducting Drug Prevention Research with Minority Populations -- Constructing and Managing Culturally Competent Research Teams for Community-Based Investigations -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A 35-year old South African entrepreneur firmly believes he can revolutionise the local alcohol and drug testing market through gold standard hair testing technology that provides up to three months (and often more) of accurate abuse history. What it requires, he told Izindaba, is for government policy and legislation to catch up with science and emulate other countries where his technology is widely used, enhancing judicial rulings across a host of fields. Not only could drunk or drug-taking drivers (the latter for whom no legally enforceable test exists locally) be accurately and quickly tested, but drug abusers in rehabilitation, parents or guardians with alcohol and drug dependencies and prospective adoptive parents could also be checked for historical abuse. Using a 381 mm (1,5 inch) length of hair, the analysis evaluates the number of drug metabolites imbedded inside the hair shaft, (via sweat) - with every 381mm or half inch of hair providing a 30-day history of drug or alcohol usage.

Intro -- Drug Abuse In Hong Kong: Development And Evaluation Of A Prevention Program -- Drug Abuse In Hong Kong: Development And Evaluation Of A Prevention Program -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Chinese Proverb -- References -- Introduction -- Development And Evaluation Of A Drug Prevention Program In Hong Kong -- References -- Enthusiasm-Based Or Evidence-Based Charities: Personal Reflections -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Fund Allocation Policies In Charitable Foundations -- Enthusiasm-Based And Error-Based Allocation Versus Evidence-Based Funding Policies -- Project P.A.T.H.S. And Evidence-Based Positive Youth Development Program -- Towards Evidence-Based Welfare And Human Service In Hong Kong -- Acknowledgments -- References -- School Drug Testing: A Critical Review Of The Literature -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Search -- What We Found -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix 1: Studies Under Review -- References -- Section One: Project Astro -- The Project Astro And Drug Prevention For High-Risk Youths In Hong Kong -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Astro Kids Program -- Astro Teens Program -- Astro Leaders Program -- Parents' Program (Fan Club) -- Training For Workers -- Activities For Community Leaders -- Astro Club -- Our Study -- Evaluation Design And Participants -- Instruments -- Data Analytic Strategies -- Our Findings -- Analyses Of The Pretest-Posttest 1 Data -- Analyses Of The Pretest-Posttest 1-Posttest 2 Data -- Discussion -- References -- Perspective And Subjective Outcome Of The Program From The Participants -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our Project -- What The Participants Told Us -- Subjective Outcomes Based On Participants Of The Astro Kids Program (N=106) -- Subjective Outcomes Based On Participants Of The Astro Teens Program (N=175) -- Discussion -- References.

The present paper examines the issue of hidden drug abuse in Hong Kong. Although official statistics show that the reported number of drug-abuse cases has been in decline in recent years, it has been reported that drug abusers tend to hide themselves at home to take drugs; thus, they are not discovered easily by the law enforcement and social control agents who report drug abuse cases to the Central Registry of Drug Abuse, resulting in the decrease in the reported number of drug-abuse cases. This "dark figure" phenomenon is a reflection of the official figure and reporting behavior, not the actual situation of drug abuse in Hong Kong. Through in-depth interviews of 30 ex-drug addicts, the majority of them started drug taking in early youth, the present paper identifies five stages of drug taking from social acquaintance to social isolation. It argues that although drug taking among abusers is a kind of social activity in their initial stage of drug use, they become socially isolated when their drug use is prolonged. Several reasons are identified, including users' easy accessibility to drugs and changes in the popularity of drugs and use of drug equipment. Most importantly, the hidden process is triggered and aggravated by numerous negative drug effects, such as decline in physical health, weak physical appearance leading to self-perceived discrimination, co-occurrence of psychiatric symptoms of increased anxiety and suspicion, and decline of trust among peers due to prolonged drug abuse. Possible solutions associated with clinical interventions, legislative policies, and law-enforcement operations are proposed.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- PART I DRUG ABUSE IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD -- 1 Clyde B. McCoy, H. Virginia McCoy, Shenghan Lai, Zhinuan Yu, Xue-ren Wang and Jie Meng (2001), 'Reawakening the Dragon: Changing Patterns of Opiate Use in Asia, with Particular Emphasis on China's Yunnan Province', Substance Use and Abuse, 36, pp. 49-69. -- 2 Irene Kuo, Salman Ul-Hasan, Tariq Zafar, Noya Galai, Susan G. Sherman and Steffanie A. Strathdee (2007), 'Factors Associated with Recent-Onset Injection Drug Use Among Drug Users in Pakistan', Substance Use and Misuse, 42, pp. 853-70. -- 3 Sarah Dewing, Andreas Plüddemann, Bronwyn J. Myers and Charles D.H. Parry (2006), 'Review of Injection Drug Use in Six African Countries: Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa and Tanzania', Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 13, pp. 121-37. -- 4 Ladislav Csemy, Pavia Lejčková and Petr Sadilek (2007), 'Substance Use among Czech Adolescents: An Overview of Trends in the International Context', Journal of Drug Issues, 37, pp. 119-32. -- 5 Kimberley C. Brouwer, Patricia Case, Rebeca Ramos, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Jesus Bucardo, Thomas L. Patterson and Steffanie A. Strathdee (2006), 'Trends in Production, Trafficking, and Consumption of Methamphetamine and Cocaine in Mexico', Substance Use and Misuse, 41, pp. 707-27. -- 6 Andreas Plüddemann, Charles D.H. Parry, Bronwyn Myers and Arvin Bhana (2004) , 'Ecstasy Use in South Africa: Findings from the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU) Project (January 1997-December 2001)', Substance Use and Misuse, 39, pp. 87-105

Drug abuse is one of the health-related problems among Nigerian youth and has been a source of concern to educational stakeholders. Its social implications to undergraduate students cannot be quantified. In light of this, this study examined causes and consequences of drug abuse among undergraduates at the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study and a simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents for the study. The instrument used was a researcher-designed questionnaire on the causes and consequences of drug abuse among undergraduates. The instrument was validated by lecturers in the Department of Social Sciences Education and it possessed a coefficient of 0.72 using a test re-test method. All of the undergraduate students of the University of Ilorin formed the population of the study. The demographic data of the respondents and drug abuse variable were described and analyzed using percentages. Means were used to analyze the research question, while t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test the null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that the major cause of drug abuse among undergraduates at the University of Ilorin was the need to cope with academic challenges. Findings also revealed that the main consequences of drug abuse among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin was low self-esteem. It was further revealed that there were no significant differences in the causes and consequences of drug abuse among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin based on gender and their faculty. It was, however, recommended among others that the government should enact measures on people that are selling drugs indiscriminately and should be supervising the target area, and if possible, check the activities of the victims of drug abuse. The Ministry of Education in conjunction with the National Campaign against Drug Abuse (NACADA) should engage in appropriate interagency agreements in order to streamline the provision of services to support students with social and behavioral problems emanating from drug abuse.

Part I: Introduction -- Part II: Neurobehavioral approaches for understanding inhibitory control -- Part III: Translating research on inhibitory control to at-risk populations -- PartIV: Translating research on inhibitory control to prevention interventions -- PartV: Conclusion

Presently, drug abuse has become a societal problem with its prevalence being found among adolescents in Nigeria. This study focuses on the contemporary trend of drug abuse among in-school adolescents in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study employed the use of a descriptive survey design. One hundred respondents were chosen for the study through the use of a simple random sampling technique from the three Senatorial districts of Kwara State. In total, three hundred adolescents participated in the study. The respondents were stratified on the basis of age and gender. In order to ascertain the validity of the instrument of this study, copies of the questionnaire were given to experts and lecturers in related fields for vetting. A reliability index of 0.75 was obtained using a test-retest method. The instrument used for this study was tagged "Trends of Drug Abuse Questionnaire" (TDAQ). The outcome of this research revealed that a significant difference existed in in-school adolescent's perception on the contemporary trend of drug abuse based on age. However, on the basis of gender, the respondent's perceptions were similar. Given these results, it is recommended that drug refusal skills as well as drug education be incorporated into students' orientation programs.

Illicit drugs, despite the "war" waged by the United States government, remain a tremendous drain on the American economy and continue to take their toll on the lives of countless Americans. A comprehensive text with an instructor's manual, Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America analyzes why current US policy on the use of licit and illicit mood-altering drugs has failed. This groundbreaking book addresses differences between decriminalization, legalization, and "zero tolerance"--areas and philosophies that are poorly understood--and suggests a multipronged approach to diminish inappropriate

This quarterly publication from the South Carolina Department of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Services covers news of events and legislation pertaining to addiction of alcohol and drugs. Information about the agency is sometimes included.