Suchergebnisse

The main task of this research is to investigate the situation of drugs in the city of Bologna. A first discussion pertains the method to adopt studying an ethical question as drug actually is. In fact it is widely known that drugs problem involves many political and religious considerations which are misleading in a scientific point of view. After a methodological chapter supposed to show the purpose of this research, it is discussed a logical definition of drugs. There it is examined an aristotelian definition of drugs with semantic instruments from philosophy of the language to fulfil meaning of terms. The following chapter discusses personal stories of different people involved in drug in the city, who actually represent the main characters of drug subculture. Afterwards the official statistics concerning drug enforcement is discussed and compared with a specific police action which allows to criticize that data, and to make some hypothesis about drug quantities circulating in town. Next step is investigating drugs addicted in town, with a validation technique of data base queries. The result is a statistics of users in which there is evidence of main presence of foreigners and not resident Italians who use to practice drugs in this city. Demographic analysis of identified people shows that drug addiction is widely diffused among all range of age and mainly pertains males, with an increasing trend. Then is examined the geographic distribution of users residence and use places, showing that drugs abuse is spread among all classes of population, while drugs squares are located in some points of town which realise a kind of drug area with a concentration of dealers not organised together. With some detailed queries in police reports statistics is studied some specific subject on nowadays drug abuse, the phenomenon of multi-use, the relation between drug and crime, the relation between drug and mental disease, recording some evidence in such topics. Finally a survey on city media along last two years shows the interest about this topic and gives an idea of public opinion's information about drugs. The study refers to the city of Bologna only, and pertains data recorded along last ten years by the local metropolitan police corp.

Introduction: The abuse of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) has been a major issue since the 1990s, due to the significant impact this phenomenon has on the society and public health. The Italian legislation, in line with the European legislation, is aimed to limit the NPS use in the Country through different intervention strategies. Methods: The Department for Anti-Drug Policies (DPA) of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, has activated in Italy the National Early Warning System (SNAP) on NSP reporting, aimed at the early detection of potentially health-threatening phenomena related to the appearance of NPSs in the market. A second aim of the SNAP is the promotion of the technical-analytical expertise of laboratories for the detection of these substances. Since June 2016, the DPA, where the National Focal Point (NFP) for the verification of the phenomenon of drug dependence is established, has entrusted the coordination of SNAP with the National Centre for Addiction and Doping (NCAD) of the "Istituto Superiore di Sanità". The Centre works with several partners, including the Pavia Poison Control Centre for clinical toxicology, the Unit of Forensic Toxicology of Sapienza University of Rome for bio-toxicological aspects, and the Central Directorate for Anti-Drug Services for national coordination of seizures operated by law enforcement agencies. To implement this network of collaboration, the NCAD has developed and activated a strategic 'web application' that simplifies the collection of information across the Country, optimizing incoming/outgoing reports between all the involved authorities. Results: The analysis of the information collected on NPS during 2020 through the SNAP platform, highlighted the circulation of 47 NSPs in Europe, including two synthetic cannabinoids with potential public health risks and the emergence of NPS belonging to the class of benzodiazepines and the benzimidazole family. Conclusions: The SNAP is an important tool for identifying and notifying the spread of NSPs in our ...

Over the last twenty years the use of self-reports as tools of research in the field of criminology has increased at both international level, where they had already been in use for some time, and nationally. Nowadays, self-report research focusing on the analysis of deviant behaviour is in continuous increase, to the extent that in this paper we report studies (carried out between 1980 and 2007) that have made a valid contribution to the national and international body of literature on this subject (Tab.I). Findings from this overview show that the use of self-report delinquency studies in Italy is on the increase and provide more in-depth information about the extent of some deviant phenomena. Specifically, the results highlight that:- although deviant behaviours are rather common, most of the crimes committed are minor;- the most important risk factors involved in the onset of deviant behaviours are maladjustment, scholastic failure and especially family break-up;- female deviance was found to be more frequent than reported by the official judicial statistics;- among the types of deviant behaviour analysed, it came to light that: a) bullying is increasing and involves both males and females, albeit in different ways; b) the use of alcohol and spirits begins at an early age; c) the use/abuse of soft drugs is concentrated in the 13-14 years age group; d) the use of hard drugs is prevalent from eighteen year onwards.Important positive initiatives about bullying prevention (promoted by Ministro Fioroni, Ministry of Education) are been created at national level. Government organises campaigns of communication and diversification of information addressed not only teachers but also families and students in order to better understand the characteristics of this phenomena. It is important to underline that the Government also established a toll free telephone number ("numero verde antibullismo") that helps people to tackle this important problem that has emerged only in recent years and that allows a constant monitoring of the phenomena. ; In questi ultimi venti anni l'utilizzazione del self-report come strumento di indagine in campo criminologico ha trovato una sempre maggiore applicazione non solo a livello internazionale, ove tale tecnica aveva trovato già da tempo largo impiego, ma anche in ambito nazionale. Oggi, infatti, le ricerche self-report centrate sull'analisi del comportamento deviante sono in continuo aumento tanto che nel presente lavoro sono riportati 21 studi, condotti dal 1980 al 2007, che hanno fornito un valido contributo alla letteratura nazionale ed internazionale sull'argomento.I risultati ottenuti da questa review evidenziano, in particolar modo, che:- nonostante i comportamenti devianti siano piuttosto comuni, vengono commessi in maggioranza reati minori;- i principali fattori di rischio coinvolti nella genesi dei comportamenti devianti sono il disadattamento, il fallimento scolastico ed, in particolare, la conflittualità all'interno del nucleo familiare;- la devianza femminile risulta essere più frequente rispetto a quanto emerge dalle statistiche giudiziali ufficiali;- l'analisi dei comportamenti devianti analizzati evidenzia che: a) il bullismo è un fenomeno in continua crescita e coinvolge entrambi i sessi, sebbene con modalità differenti; b) i giovani iniziano precocemente a fare uso di sostanze alcooliche e superalcooliche; c) l'uso/abuso di droghe leggere è diffuso principalmente tra i giovani di età compresa tra i 13-14 anni; d) l'uso di droghe pesanti è maggiormente diffuso tra i ragazzi con età superiore ai 18 anni.In un'ottica preventiva, il Governo ha promosso iniziative che riguardano in particolar modo il fenomeno del bullismo, attraverso l'attuazione di campagne di comunicazione e di informazione diversificata, rivolte agli studenti, ai docenti e alle famiglie, al fine di sensibilizzare l'opinione pubblica su tale fenomeno emergente. Inoltre, è stato istituito un numero verde antibullismo che permette un costante monitoraggio del fenomeno.