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Long-term recovery from drug abuse is a volitional process. Until now, no measure has been available for assessment of executive functioning capacity in this process. This study aims to identify a volitional process for drug addiction rehabilitation and to develop the Volitional Components Inventory for Drug Rehabilitation (VCI-DR). An item pool was constructed, based on theory construction, individual- and group-focused interviews, and expert feedback. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a structure with five factors: motivation control, impulse control, arousal control, self-discipline, and action management. The VCI-DR displayed promising convergent and discriminant validity with theoretically predicted criterion variables (sense of control, indecisiveness, impulsiveness, motivation of drug addiction rehabilitation, and emotion regulation). In addition, results showed good test–retest reliability, with excellent internal consistencies. Taken together, this research offers promising support for the VCI-DR, potentially advancing both basic and applied addiction research.

Janssen-Cilag and Johnson & Johnson v the President of the Competition Authority and Others

This book presents new research responding to parental misuse of drugs and alcohol and its effect on children and the family unit. The use of motivational interviewing in child and family settings provides challenges for social workers dealing with these complex issues.

Age, sex and ethnic differences in past year medical and non-medical use of tranquilizers, sedatives, stimulants, and analgesics are explored in the 1982 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). In general women are more likely to report past year medical use than are men; whites are more likely to report past year medical use than are blacks or Hispanics; and older adults are more likely to report past year medical use than are younger adults. These differences are not large, however, and several notable exceptions occur. Hispanic women are especially likely to report past year use of prescription analgesics. Women age 45 to 64 report greater prescription psychoactive use than do those age 65 or older. In the 65 and older age group, men are more likely than women to report past year medical use of sedatives, tranquilizers, and stimulants. Additional analyses of non-medical pill use and use of alcohol and illicit drugs suggest that young adult men and women, rather than older women, are most at risk for adverse drug interactions, and young adults in the 1985 NHSDA are far more likely than older adults to report psychosocial problems resulting from alcohol or drug use.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a widespread non-communicable disease (NCD) with biological, social, or psychological foundations, policymakers, stakeholders, and doctors have given it less attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. On similar lines, in India, alcohol consumption and mental health problems are two major illnesses that have a significant impact on people, individually. When both come together, it adds to the burden of disease and creates a vicious cycle involving healthcare providers, consumers, and the patient itself. The correlation between alcohol and drug dependence with mental health and its associated illnesses is difficult to conclude and establish, making it even difficult to provide effective treatment options. The abrupt surge in patients with SUD (primarily alcohol) related disorders (e.g., withdrawal) was noticed because of the sudden non-availability of alcohol or opioid distribution during the countrywide Covid-19 lockdowns. It resembled a pandemic's emotional epidemic curve. Around 40 people have died because of SUD-related withdrawal and suicide, as per the media reportings. Methanol intoxication has been reported in several parts of the country. Similar to Indian trends, 700 people reportedly died because of methanol intoxication in Iran. Unfortunately, de-addiction services in India were not adequately equipped for the SUD pandemic, and as a result, most services could not cope with lockdown problems. To our surprise, some jurisdictions have opted to make alcohol available to those who cannot live without it regularly, in order to treat alcohol withdrawal. Though this method may be effective in the short term or in delaying the SUD epidemic, it will have a long-term impact on de-addiction efforts and treatments delivered in hospitals or community settings. If we dive deep to find the answer to these questions, we can easily determine many factors responsible, especially the socio-economic crisis which led to the job loss, closure of small businesses, factory units, etc. The government had to ensure supplies of essential drugs and other amenities to the people for free of cost while the people had to sit back at home to help the government prevent the spread of the Infection. Not only this, but the developing tension within homes also gave rise to the battlefield between couples and doubled the rates of domestic violence and/or divorces exaggerating the already prevailing social issues like SUD and alcoholism in the community.

The experience of mothering for women recovering from drug abuse in the criminal justice system is a serious issue. This article describes a study nested in a multi-method community participatory project to improve the services of the Therapeutic Drug Court (TDC) for citizens in our community. Interviews with felonious female offenders with minor children completing a TDC and mental health associates who work with them were analyzed using an interpretive phenomenological approach in the Heideggerian tradition. Findings revealed that mothers could reclaim a vision of parenting with or without their children, with help. This article shows how this reclamation occurs.

Five counties (Kern, Riverside, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco) that demonstrate both variations and similarities in their implementation of Proposition 36 (e.g., treatment approaches, urine testing) and patient mix have been selected to participate in a study assessing how California's Proposition 36 is affecting the drug treatment system and patient outcomes. Except for San Francisco, treatment admissions increased during the first year of Proposition 36 implementation over the prior year (27% in Kern, 21% in Riverside, 17% in Sacramento, and 16% in San Diego), mostly in outpatient drug-free programs. Compared to non-Proposition 36 patients, Proposition 36 patients were more likely to be men, first-time admissions, treated in outpatient drug-free programs, employed full-time, and users of methamphetamine or marijuana. They were less likely to be treated in residential programs or methadone maintenance programs and fewer reported heroin use or injection drug use. Guided by the multilevel open systems framework, the study examines key issues of Proposition 36 that influence treatment systems and outcomes and empirically identifies "best practice" approaches in treating drug-abusing offenders.

AIDS prevention efforts that had been instituted by early 1987 included outreach; AIDS education within drug abuse treatment programs; antibody testing; preventing initiation in IV drug use; collective organization by drug users to confront AIDS; and efforts to change the environment of IV drug use in ways that might reduce HIV transmission. Projects differed in terms of whether they 1) oriented primarily to getting users into treatment or to risk reduction among continuing users (a false dichotomy); 2) used deterrence, skills building, group-identity, or social support to motivate risk reduction; 3) tried to change the environment of drug use, its subculture, or the individual user; and 4) vested control of the project in the hands of professionals or of the users themselves. These models can play different roles in fighting the epidemic, and new approaches need to be developed.