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Modern society is affected by the problem of drug addiction and drug crime on a global and national level, and the damaging consequences of drug abuse are extremely serious and widespread. The fact that minors are more often than before in the role of perpetrators of criminal acts related to narcotic drugs contributes to the additional seriousness of the overall situation. As the trend of drug crime among young people in the last few years indicates growing of this phenomenon in our society, the focus of our work will be determining the importance of certain factors on the perception of young people about drug crime. In order to achieve this task, we conducted a survey among high school students whose goal was to examine the influence of family environment and school environment factors, and also influence of certain media content on their perception of drug crime. A hundred students participated in this research. The research results show that the socio-demographic characteristics of young people do not have a significant impact on their perception of drug crime. The school environment, on the other hand, has a more dominant influence, due to the existence of convenient places for buying and selling drugs in close proximity to school, as well as the presence of people who "deal" drugs. In addition, minors are strongly influenced by their peers who previously had some experiences with the abuse of narcotic drugs. The research results indicate a high level of liking media content about drug crime among young people, but also an insufficiently developed awareness among them about the impact that such content has on them.

The present study examines violent victimization among a sample of active drug users. Two theoretical perspectives are combined to form the underlying conceptual framework of the study: One draws upon routine activities/lifestyle theory and the other incorporates the street addict role theory. While routine activities/lifestyle theory addresses victimization in general, the street addict role theory explains the specific lifestyle characteristics of an active drug abuser which are relevant to the victimization of illicit drug users. We find the prevalence of violent victimization to be high. Approximately 22% of respondents reported being victimized within a 30 day period. We also find support for combining the two perspectives to help explain violent victimization. Demographic, personal networks, drug use, and street business domain factors are associated with violent victimization for this high risk population. Our study extends the investigation of violent victimization among illicit drug users by identifying characteristics that differentiate drug users who are recent victims of violence from others who have not been similarly victimized.

DATA from a survey of youths attending an inner city junior high school were examined to learn how their demographic characteristics, socio-cultural experiences and the drug use existing among their neighbourhood peers related to their involvement with substances. Discriminant analysis uncovered two important factors that were associated with the youths' drug taking : (1) a street scene, social / recreational drug use factor and (2) a cluster reflecting friends' use of alcohol/ marijuana and other drugs. The implications of these results for drug abuse prevention programming are explored.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN) is intended to test promising drug abuse treatment models in multisite clinical trials and to support adoption of new interventions into clinical practice. Using qualitative research methods we asked the following question: how might the technology of multisite clinical trials be modified to better support adoption of tested interventions? A total of 42 participants, representing eight organizational levels ranging from clinic staff to clinical trial leaders, were interviewed about their role in the clinical trial, its interactions with clinics, and intervention adoption. Among eight clinics participating in the clinical trial, we found adoption of the tested intervention in one clinic only. Analysis of interview data revealed four conceptual themes likely to affect adoption and may be informative in future multisite clinical trials. Planning for adoption in the early stages of protocol development will better serve the aim of integrating new interventions into practice.

A trend in contemporary alcohol and drug education is to include the teaching of decision-making skills, one aspect of which is the ability to assign responsibility for problems. If successful, such programs may lead to a reduction in the incidence of alcohol and drug related problems as well as of deviance more generally. This study examines three fundamental assumptions upon which these programs are based. These are: (1) a sizeable proportion of the adolescent population experiences difficulties in correctly assigning problem responsibility, (2) the ability to assign problem responsibility is related to nonconformity, and (3) the type of alcohol and drug education program currently in popular use is appropriate for teaching the ability to assign problem responsibility. It was found that a number of our subjects did have difficulty assigning problem responsibility and that such difficulties were at least moderately associated with nonconformity. There was no evidence, however, that a currently popular strategy for teaching these skills within the context of alcohol and drug education programs is meeting with much success.

This study reports on the effects of having a history of physical and/or sexual abuse on treatment processes and posttreatment abstinence among adolescents (N=803) in a multisite study of drug treatment outcomes. A history of physical and/or sexual abuse was reported by 59% of the girls and 39% of the boys and was related to being White and having higher levels of comorbidity, exposure to other traumatic events, dependence on alcohol and marijuana, problem recognition, and negative peer or family influence. Abused adolescents had more service needs at treatment admission and there was some variation in treatment processes related to gender and abuse status. Youths with a history of physical abuse had a lower likelihood of posttreatment abstinence, except among those who had better rapport with their counselors. Attention to treatment processes and engagement strategies is crucial for treating youths in drug treatment who have a history of abuse.

Canabis, racismo, resistência cultural e espiritualidade / Edward MacRae -- Breve panorama etnobotânico sobre a maconha / Rafael Guimarães dos Santos -- Os fumadores de maconha : efeitos e males do vício / José Rodrigues Dória -- Uma nova toxicomania, o vio de fumar maconha / Júlio Cesar Adiala -- Os ciclos de atenção à maconha e a emergência de um "problema público" no Brasil / Marcílio Dantas Brandão -- "São mesmo analfabetos e sem cultura" : repressão à maconha, criminalização da pobreza e racismo em Salvador, nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 / Jorge Emanuel Luz de Souza -- Maconha, a planta do diabo / Luís Alǐpio de Barros, José de Medeiros -- Maconha, erva maldita : jm filme de Raul Roulien / Rafael Morato Zanatto -- Maconha e folclore : a investigação de Alceu Maynard de Araújo na cidade de Piaçabuçu/Alagoas / Rafael Morato Zanatto -- Heroísmo contra alienação ou caretice versus liberação? Drogas, esquerda e desbunde no Brasil / Júlio Delmanto -- A subcultura da maconha, seus valores e rituais entre setores socialmente integrados / Edward MacRae e Júlio Assis Simões -- Do maconheiro ao canabier : os autocultivos domésticos e outras domesticações / Marcos Veríssimo -- Diamba boa... Lembranças do uso da canabis no Maranhão / Isabela Lara Oliveira -- A guerra às drogas é uma guerra etnocida / Anthony Richard Henman -- Maconha e xamanismo numa tribo Timbira / Sergio Augusto Domingues -- Avanços, retrocessos e contradições na política de drogas brasileira no século XXI / Luciana Boiteux -- A maconha nos cultos afro-brasileiros / Luísa Saad -- A folha amarga do avô grande : fluxos e refluxos do sagrado no maconhismo popular brasileiro / Bruno César Cavalcanti -- Santo Daime e Santa Maria : usos religiosos de substâncias psicoativas lícitas e ilícitas / Edward MacRae -- Glauco e a devoção à Santa Maria / Edward MacRae -- A "Santa Rosa" e o "dom de ver" entre os otomis orientais de Hidalgo. O caso de Santa Ana Hueytlalpan / Lourdes Baez Cubero -- Chai, Chillum & Chapati : a cultura do charas nas cordilehiras do Himalaia / Eric Gornik de Oliveira -- Rastas, ganja e resistência na Jamaica / Wagner Coutinho Alves

Drawing from her years of experience working in the addiction-counseling field, Geri Miller provides an engaging, balanced overview of the major theoretical underpinnings and clinical practices in the field. From assessment and diagnosis of addiction to preparing for certification and licensure as an addiction professional, this comprehensive book covers all of the essentials.Fully updated, the fourth edition offers a positive, practice-oriented counseling framework and features: A research-based, clinical application approach to addiction counseling that pract

Social problems are rapidly increasing in modern societies due to various reasons. One of these is drug addiction, which has become a major issue in the contemporary world, as it is proving to be a serious social problem in both developing and underdeveloped countries. This review article that focuses on the social aspects of drug addiction in Sri Lanka is based on secondary data obtained from the published works of different authors; they provide details about the identity of drugs, drug addiction and the increasing number of addicts in Sri Lanka. Drug addiction has become an important issue due to its severe impact on public health, its tendency to encourage crime, cause diseases, poverty and destruction of family life in Sri Lanka. Heroin and cannabis (marijuana) are found to be the most commonly used drugs in Sri Lanka. Laws and policies designed to control drug abuse and regulations on drug addicts have not brought any major change or desired outcome in the Sri Lankan drug scene. Drug users in Sri Lanka get their supply of drugs from the underground drug market, which has its internal and external sources. Rehabilitation of drug addicts has become an urgent need in the country to protect its valuable citizens who are needed to build a sustainable nation that is free from drugs. Drug addiction is preventable and can be managed successfully if every citizen of the country gives his/ her full support and contribution.