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Intro -- NATIONAL DRUGCONTROL STRATEGY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY:2008ANNUAL REPORT -- INTRODUCTION -- A Turning Point -- IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING HAS YIELDED RESULTS -- MOVING FORWARD: CHALLENGE AND HOPE -- STOPPING DRUG USE BEFORE IT STARTS -- Deterring Drug Use by Changing Attitudes -- Random Testing to Prevent Substance Abuse -- Combating Doping in Sports -- A Proven Prevention Tool: The United StatesMilitary's Experience with Drug Testing -- Drug-Free Workplace -- Community Partnerships to Protect Youth -- The Drug Free Communities Support Program -- Educating Youth About the Dangers of Drug Use -- The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign -- Fighting Pharmaceutical Diversion and Preventing Addiction -- Extreme Ecstasy: The Rising Threat from MDMA(Ecstasy) and Methamphetamine Mixtures -- INTERVENING AND HEALING AMERICA'S DRUG USERS -- From Screening to Recovery Support: A Continuum of Care -- Detecting Drug Use Early Saves Lives -- Screening and Brief Intervention -- Medical Education on Substance Abuse -- Treatment for Co-Occurring Disorders -- A Chance to Heal:Treating Substance Abusing Offenders -- Understanding Addiction -- THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY:TACKLING TRANSNATIONAL THREATS -- Disrupting the Market for Illegal Drugs -- The Vital Role of State and Local Law Enforcement -- Taking Drugs off America's Roadways -- Targeting Marijuana Cultivation in the United States -- Methamphetamine and Synthetic Drugs -- Taking the Fight Against Methamphetamine Global -- Stemming the Flow of Drugs Across the Southwest Border -- Working with Mexico and Central America -- Transit Zone Interdiction -- Attacking Trafficker Finances -- Progress and Challenges in the Andean Ridge -- Afghanistan: Counternarcotics and Counterinsurgency -- Working Together to Reduce Drug Use Around the World -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Intro -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL AND TRAFFICKING ISSUES -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL AND TRAFFICKING ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- U.S. Policy Context -- International Policy Context -- U.S. NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY -- Funding -- Agency Roles -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL TOOLBOX -- Multilateral Cooperation -- Foreign Assistance Sanctions -- The FY2010 "Drug Majors" -- Drug Certification Procedures -- Methamphetamine Precursor Chemicals -- Other Drug-Related Foreign Aid Certification Requirements -- Crop Eradication -- Alternative Development -- Interdiction -- Anti-money Laundering Efforts -- Extradition -- Institutional Capacity Building -- MILITARY ROLE IN COUNTERDRUG TRAINING AND EQUIPPING92 -- SELECTED LEGISLATIVE ISSUES FOR THE 111TH CONGRESS -- Counternarcotics Aid to U.S. Transit Zone Countries: Mérida Initiative and Beyond -- Beyond Mérida: The Four Pillar Strategy -- The Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI) and the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI) -- Plan Colombia, the Andean Counterdrug Program, and the Future of Counternarcotics Aid to South America -- Afghanistan Counterdrug Programs -- West Africa -- ALTERNATIVE POLICY APPROACHES -- Rebalance Current Drug Policy Tools -- Emphasize "Hard-Side" of Counternarcotics Policy -- Emphasize "Soft-Side" of Counternarcotics Policy -- Emphasize Drug Demand Reduction -- Reevaluate Prohibitionist Drug Regime -- Legalize Illegal Drugs -- Decriminalize Illegal Drugs -- Allow Government-Supervised Drug Use for Addicts -- APPENDIX. CRS REPORTS ON INTERNATIONAL DRUG POLICY -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND U.S. COUNTERDRUG PROGRAMS -- SUMMARY -- AN OVERVIEW OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN1

Cover; International Drug Control; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Figures and maps; Tables and boxes; Preface and acknowledgements; Abbreviations; 1: Introduction; The global drug prohibition regime; On the right path? Differential metrics of success; Approaches and key themes; Plan of the book; 2: Soft defection and the domestic normalization of harm reduction; The mechanics of soft defection: harm reduction via glitches in the system; The domestic normalization of harm reduction; Opioid substitution therapy -- from law enforcement to public health.

Introduction -- The sources and actors of the international drug control system -- The emergence of the international drug control system -- The objective of the international drug control system : limitation of drugs to medical and scientific purposes -- The material scope of the international drug control system -- Challenges to the implementation of the international drug control system -- Concluding remarks and outlook

Burma is the second largest opium producer in the world, and is quickly becoming a hotbed
of methamphetamine production. Opium profits have helped to finance conflict within
Burma for both the central government and the insurgent ethnic groups; however, with
the 1989 ceasefire agreements with the insurgent ethnic groups the drug control context
changed dramatically. In April 2002, the Kokang and Wa ethnic leaders, whose regions
account for the vast majority of opium poppy cultivation, committed to making their
territory opium-free by 2003 and July 2005 respectively.
The combined drug control efforts of national and local leaders have shown promising
results, as both UN and US opium surveys have confirmed large declines in poppy
cultivation. As Burma continues to reduce opium cultivation, it has struggled in recent
years with an increase in the production of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). Combating
the threats from opium and ATS will require different strategies. Stronger border
controls, improved law enforcement and interdiction techniques must complement development
strategies and alternative cropping policies.

"Popular 'war on drugs' rhetoric postulates drug use in the West as the product of the drug production and trafficking roles of non-western societies and non-western peoples within and outside the West. In such rhetoric, African societies and people of African descent in Africa and in Diaspora have received criticisms for their respective roles in drug production and drug trafficking, including the position of many African countries as transit routes for drugs exported to the West. By contrast, the abuse of drugs by populations of African origin around the globe and the harmful consequences of the drug trade and drug abuse on these populations has been little studied. Drawing on contributions from seven countries in Africa; two countries in Europe; and seven countries in the Americas, this volume examines the relationships between drug use, drug trafficking, drug controls and the black population of a given society. Each chapter examines the nature and pattern of drug use or abuse; the effects of drug use or abuse (illegal or/and legal) on other areas such as health and crime; the nature, pattern, and perpetration of trafficking and sale of illegal or/and legal drugs; and past and current policies and control of illegal and /or legal drugs. It will be essential reading for all students, academics and policy-makers working in the area of drug control."--Publisher's description

Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on Contributors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Introduction to Pan-African Issues in Drugs and Drug Control: An International Perspective -- Part II Africa: Drugs and Drug Control -- 2 Drugs and Drug Control in Cameroon -- 3 Drugs and Drug Control in Ghana -- 4 Drugs and Drug Control in Kenya -- 5 Drugs and Drug Control in Namibia -- 6 Drugs and Drug Control in Nigeria -- 7 Drugs and Drug Control in South Africa -- 8 Drugs and Drug Control in Zimbabwe -- Part III The Caribbean and Latin America: Drugs and Drug Control -- 9 Drugs and Drug Control in Jamaica -- 10 Drugs and Drug Control in Trinidad and Tobago -- 11 Drugs and Drug Control in the Virgin Islands -- 12 Drugs and Drug Control in Brazil -- 13 Drugs and Drug Control in Mexico -- Part IV Western Europe and North America: Drugs and Drug Control -- 14 Drugs and Drug Control in Britain -- 15 Drugs and Drug Control in Italy -- 16 Drugs and Drug Control in Canada -- 17 Drugs and Drug Control in the United States -- Index.

Drug control, human rights, and parallel universes -- The four stages of drug control : development, structure, and law -- The contradictory paradigms of international drug control -- Drug control and human rights: tensions and conflicts between regimes -- The object and purpose of the international drug control regime -- The case for dynamic interpretation of the international drug control conventions -- Moving the thumb on the scales--towards a dynamic human rights-based interpretation of international drug control law -- The future for a fifth stage of drug control?

Responding to the harms caused by drugs is one of the most challenging social policy issues of our time. In 'Child Rights and Drug Control on International Law', Damon Barrett explores the meaning of the child?s right to protection from drugs under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the relationship between this right and the UN drug control conventions. Adopting a critical approach, the book traces the intersecting histories of the treaties, the role of child rights in global drug policy discourse, and the practice of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. It invites us to reflect upon the potential for child rights to provide justification for state actions associated with wider human rights risks