Suchergebnisse

Abstract: This article examines the UK government's recent prison drug control strategy. The focus is on the control aspects of the proposals, for example, tightening security and the introduction of mandatory urine testing. A national telephone survey of prison Heads of Custody reveals broad support for the strategy but indicates that there are certain tensions and conflicts within it. These tensions are likely to make implementation problematic and limit its effectiveness. It is argued that, given the complexity of the prison system, a drug strategy needs to be firmly embedded within overall prison and penal strategies.

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the role of the Department of Defense (DOD) in reducing the supply of illegal drugs entering the United States, focusing on: (1) the decline in DOD's aerial and maritime support allocated to counterdrug activities from fiscal years 1992 through 1999 and some of the consequences and reasons for the decline; (2) the obstacles DOD faces in helping foreign governments counter illegal drug activities; and (3) DOD's counterdrug strategy and the need for performance measures to judge its counterdrug program effectiveness."

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the role of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) in shaping the national drug control budget that the President ultimately proposes to Congress to implement the National Drug Control Strategy, focusing on: (1) whether the process ONDCP followed to certify federal agencies' drug control budgets for fiscal year (FY) 1999 was consistent with statutory requirements; and (2) the system ONDCP has developed to assess the extent to which drug control agencies and programs achieve intended results."

Intro -- NATIONAL DRUGCONTROL STRATEGY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY:2008ANNUAL REPORT -- INTRODUCTION -- A Turning Point -- IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING HAS YIELDED RESULTS -- MOVING FORWARD: CHALLENGE AND HOPE -- STOPPING DRUG USE BEFORE IT STARTS -- Deterring Drug Use by Changing Attitudes -- Random Testing to Prevent Substance Abuse -- Combating Doping in Sports -- A Proven Prevention Tool: The United StatesMilitary's Experience with Drug Testing -- Drug-Free Workplace -- Community Partnerships to Protect Youth -- The Drug Free Communities Support Program -- Educating Youth About the Dangers of Drug Use -- The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign -- Fighting Pharmaceutical Diversion and Preventing Addiction -- Extreme Ecstasy: The Rising Threat from MDMA(Ecstasy) and Methamphetamine Mixtures -- INTERVENING AND HEALING AMERICA'S DRUG USERS -- From Screening to Recovery Support: A Continuum of Care -- Detecting Drug Use Early Saves Lives -- Screening and Brief Intervention -- Medical Education on Substance Abuse -- Treatment for Co-Occurring Disorders -- A Chance to Heal:Treating Substance Abusing Offenders -- Understanding Addiction -- THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY:TACKLING TRANSNATIONAL THREATS -- Disrupting the Market for Illegal Drugs -- The Vital Role of State and Local Law Enforcement -- Taking Drugs off America's Roadways -- Targeting Marijuana Cultivation in the United States -- Methamphetamine and Synthetic Drugs -- Taking the Fight Against Methamphetamine Global -- Stemming the Flow of Drugs Across the Southwest Border -- Working with Mexico and Central America -- Transit Zone Interdiction -- Attacking Trafficker Finances -- Progress and Challenges in the Andean Ridge -- Afghanistan: Counternarcotics and Counterinsurgency -- Working Together to Reduce Drug Use Around the World -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Federalism issues have been neglected in the scholarship on drug control policy. This Article addresses both empirical and normative questions relating to federal-state-local relations in the "war on drugs." Contrary to common views of federal domination and national uniformity, drug control policy actually varies considerably from state to state. State diversity has increased since the mid- 1990s, when drug reformers began to use the ballot initiative to change state laws. While the federal government has contested these reforms, it has not sought to use its preemption powers to enforce federal preferences. The Article employs public choice models to explain the current federal role, giving particular attention to the unusual degree of "in-kind" assistance given by federal law enforcement officials to local police agencies. While such in-kind assistance helps to decentralize drug policymaking and reduce agency costs, it also undercuts legislative control and public accountability. Leading theoretical models of federalism support the ideal of decentralized decision making in drug policy. Decentralization encourages policy innovation and enhances overall citizen satisfaction. While prior commentators have not fully appreciated the present degree of decentralization in drug policy, federal-state-local relations are nonetheless in need of reform, particularly to enhance legislative control and public accountability. Accordingly, the Article proposes reforms that are intended to reduce the federal distortion of drug policy debates at the state and local level, subject federal drug enforcement decisions to a greater degree of local political control, and increase the accountability of local law enforcement to local political institutions.

Intro -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL AND TRAFFICKING ISSUES -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL AND TRAFFICKING ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- U.S. Policy Context -- International Policy Context -- U.S. NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL STRATEGY -- Funding -- Agency Roles -- INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL TOOLBOX -- Multilateral Cooperation -- Foreign Assistance Sanctions -- The FY2010 "Drug Majors" -- Drug Certification Procedures -- Methamphetamine Precursor Chemicals -- Other Drug-Related Foreign Aid Certification Requirements -- Crop Eradication -- Alternative Development -- Interdiction -- Anti-money Laundering Efforts -- Extradition -- Institutional Capacity Building -- MILITARY ROLE IN COUNTERDRUG TRAINING AND EQUIPPING92 -- SELECTED LEGISLATIVE ISSUES FOR THE 111TH CONGRESS -- Counternarcotics Aid to U.S. Transit Zone Countries: Mérida Initiative and Beyond -- Beyond Mérida: The Four Pillar Strategy -- The Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI) and the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI) -- Plan Colombia, the Andean Counterdrug Program, and the Future of Counternarcotics Aid to South America -- Afghanistan Counterdrug Programs -- West Africa -- ALTERNATIVE POLICY APPROACHES -- Rebalance Current Drug Policy Tools -- Emphasize "Hard-Side" of Counternarcotics Policy -- Emphasize "Soft-Side" of Counternarcotics Policy -- Emphasize Drug Demand Reduction -- Reevaluate Prohibitionist Drug Regime -- Legalize Illegal Drugs -- Decriminalize Illegal Drugs -- Allow Government-Supervised Drug Use for Addicts -- APPENDIX. CRS REPORTS ON INTERNATIONAL DRUG POLICY -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING AND U.S. COUNTERDRUG PROGRAMS -- SUMMARY -- AN OVERVIEW OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN1