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"Taking a multidisciplinary perspective (including public health, sociology, criminology, and political science amongst others), and using examples from across the globe, this book provides a detailed understanding of the complex and highly contested nature of drug policy, drug policy making and the theoretical perspectives that inform the study of drug policy. It draws on four different theoretical perspectives: evidence-informed policy, policy process theories, democratic theory, and post-structural policy analysis. The use and trade in illegal drugs is a global phenomenon. It is viewed by governments as a significant social, legal, and health problem that shows no signs of abating. The key questions explored throughout this book are what governments and other bodies of social regulation should do about illicit drugs, including drug policies aimed at improving health and reducing harm, drug laws and regulation, and the role of research and values in policy development. Seeing policy formation as dynamic iterative interactions between actors, ideas, institutions, and networks of policy advocates, the book explores how policy problems are constructed and policy solutions selected, and how these processes intersect with research evidence and values. This then animates the call to democratise drug policy and bring about inclusive meaningful participation in policy development in order to provide the opportunity for better, more effective, and value-aligned drug policies. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of drug policy from a number of disciplines, including public health, sociology, criminology, and political science"--

1. Informing and guiding drug policy -- 2. The debate over control and regulation -- 3. The debate over management -- 4. The debate over value -- 5. Case studies: the unintended consequences of ill-informed policies -- 6. False issues, dubious solutions, and the need for public discourse.

Argues that the "war on drugs" bears much of the blame for drug-related crime, epidemic use of crack cocaine, and the spread of AIDS through dirty syringes; advocates needle exchange, addiction treatment, and decriminalization of marijuana; US.

Examines drug control strategies in various countries in the twenty-first century; some focus on Denmark, France, Portugal, Sweden, Australia, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, Iran, Russia, and Canada; 12 articles. Contents: Danish drug policy, by Lau Laursen, Jorgen Jepsen; Policy paradigms, ideas, and interests: the case of the French public health policy toward drug abuse, by Henri Bergeron, Pierre Kopp; Decriminalization of drug use in Portugal: by Mirjam van het Loo et al.; Swedish drug policy in the twenty-first century: by Leif Lenke, Boerje Olsson; Harm minimization in a prohibition context--Australia, by Gabriele Bammer et al.; Science, ideology, and needle exchange programs, by Martin T. Schecter; Illegal drugs in Colombia, by Francisco E. Thoumi; Policy paradox: implications of U.S. drug control policy for Jamaica, by Marlyn J. Jones; Mexico's war on drugs, by Jorge Chabat; The price of freedom: illegal drug markets and policies in post-Soviet Russia, by Letizia Paoli; Money laundering and its regulation, by Michael Levi.

NORWAY PROVIDES AN INTERESTING AND SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLE OF A SUCCESSFUL NATIONAL DRUG POLICY. THE STORY OF NORWAY'S HIGHLY RELEVANT EXPERIENCE IN THIS FIELD IS TOLD IN THIS ARTICLE BY THREE INDIVIDUALS WHO ALL HAVE BEEN CLOSELY INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG POLICIES, NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY. THE ARTICLE DISCUSSES SUCH FACTORS IN NORWAY AS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WELFARE STATE, HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE, NATIONAL DRUG REGULATORY CONTROL, DRUG DISTRIBUTION AND PHARMACIES, THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY REIMBURSEMENT OF DRUG COSTS, AND SEVERAL CHALLENGES THAT NORWAY WILL FACE IN THE FUTURE. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES BY PRAISING THE SUCCESS OF NORWAY'S HEALTH AND DRUG POLICY. THE CHALLENGE FOR NORWAY WILL BE TO MAINTAIN A WELL-FUNCTIONING NATIONAL DRUG POLICY WITH A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE THAT CONTINUES TO BE A MODEL TO OTHER COUNTRIES. NORWAY'S VISION OF A SOCIETY IN WHICH MEDICINES ARE SEEN AS SOMETHING MORE THAN A COMMODITY MUST BE ALLOWED TO SURVIVE.

The aim of this paper is to describe a new comprehensive approach to studying illicit drug policy - one that integrates evidence, disciplinary approaches, drug use behaviours and policy making processes. The methods described here include systematic reviews of the evidence, studies of the ways in which policy decision-making actually occurs, and the use of modelling approaches that can explicate the multi-dimensional nature of drug policy responses and their dynamic interactions. The approach described has the potential to facilitate new drug policy that would not have been possible or apparent through the sole study of one aspect of drug policy, such as the evidence-base or the political context or the economics of drug markets. We believe this approach may be more likely to produce strategic drug policy because it reflects the richness and complexity of the real world of drug use, and drug policy. The purpose of employing an integrative methodology is to create the potential for new drug policy insights, ideas and interventions - not restricted to one body of evidence, nor to accidental or fortuitous policy-making processes.

The aim of this paper is to describe a new comprehensive approach to studying illicit drug policy - one that integrates evidence, disciplinary approaches, drug use behaviours and policy making processes. The methods described here include systematic reviews of the evidence, studies of the ways in which policy decision-making actually occurs, and the use of modelling approaches that can explicate the multi-dimensional nature of drug policy responses and their dynamic interactions. The approach described has the potential to facilitate new drug policy that would not have been possible or apparent through the sole study of one aspect of drug policy, such as the evidence-base or the political context or the economics of drug markets. We believe this approach may be more likely to produce strategic drug policy because it reflects the richness and complexity of the real world of drug use, and drug policy. The purpose of employing an integrative methodology is to create the potential for new drug policy insights, ideas and interventions - not restricted to one body of evidence, nor to accidental or fortuitous policy-making processes.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction: Drug Policy with a New Focus -- 1 Toward a Balanced Drug-Prevention Strategy: A Conceptual Map -- 2 Drug Users and Drug Dealers -- 3 Is Addiction a Chronic, Relapsing Disease? -- 4 Is Drug Addiction a Brain Disease? -- 5 If Addiction Is Involuntary, How Can Punishment Help? -- 6 Controlling Drug Use and Crime with Testing, Sanctions, and Treatment -- 7 Limits on the Role of Testing and Sanctions -- 8 How Should Low-Level Drug Dealers Be Punished? -- 9 Reflections on Drug Policy and Social Policy -- Postscript -- Contributors

"The Encyclopedia of Drug Policy, with a target publication date of 2011, marks the 40th anniversary of the longest "war" in American history. In 1971, President Richard M. Nixon declared drugs "public enemy number one" and waged the War on Drug after tests on returning Vietnam War veterans revealed alarming levels of heroin use. Spanning two volumes of approximately 450 articles in an A-to-Z format, the encyclopedia explores this controversial war through the lens of varied disciplines, and a full spectrum of articles explains topics from Colombian cartels and Mexican kingpins to television reportage; from "just say no" advertising to heroin production; from narco-terrorism to over $500 billion in U.S. government expenditures. These articles, a range of pedagogical elements in the front matter and back matter, and availability in both print and electronic formats combine to comprise an outstanding reference source for students and the general public"--