Suchergebnisse

The present paper examines a sword dated in the La Tène Period, currently exhibited in the Archaeological Museum of Durrës, Albania. According to the scientific staff of the Museum the archaeological context of the sword has not been specified but the blade had been found in the necropolis of the city. The analysis of the sword is based on its typological features but also the historical, the archaeological and ethnological aspects of the region had been taken into consideration. The most significant feature of the blade is of course the bending. This feature led us to correlate the examined object with the Celts, who practiced this ritual of the intentional destruction "killing" a weapon. This is the first folded sword which had been found in the territory of the modern-day Albania.

At the end of the 14th-Century Durrës was ruled by the noble family of Topiaj. It has already been proven that Durrës from 1368 when Karl Topia managed to include it in his possessions until 1392, when Gjergj Topia, the son of Karl Topia, made an agreement with the representatives of the Republic of Venice, this city with several small secession was under the ownership of the noble family of Topiaj. For the period of Venetian rule in Albania the source data are numerous, being enriched with sources, there are many scholars who have long been engaged in the study and treatment of many events and processes that characterized the period in question.

At the end of the 14th-Century Durrës was ruled by the noble family of Topiaj. It has already been proven that Durrës from 1368 when Karl Topia managed to include it in his possessions until 1392, when Gjergj Topia, the son of Karl Topia, made an agreement with the representatives of the Republic of Venice, this city with several small secession was under the ownership of the noble family of Topiaj. For the period of Venetian rule in Albania the source data are numerous, being enriched with sources, there are many scholars who have long been engaged in the study and treatment of many events and processes that characterized the period in question.Keywords: Albania, Durrës, Republic of Venice, Karl Topia.

Artikulli trajton aspekte të strukturës administrative të Durrësit mesjetar. Identifikohet koncepti i dekarkive si njësi bazë e organizimit territorial qytetas, i ngjashëm me disa qytete italiane. Për çdo dekarki duhej të kishte 2 përfaqësues, dëshmuar nga një Këshill i të 12-ve. "Topothésia" lidhet me traditën bizantine, përdorur për administrimin e territorit bujqësor të kultivuar. Si drejtues i pushtetit ekzekutiv përmendet Rectori dyrachij. Përgjatë qeverisjes së Topiajve hasim tri pozicione ushtarake: kapiten; kështjellar; komestabël. Në dy dokumente hasim protovestiarius, me traditë bizantine, dhe komunitetin durrsak. Topiajt duhet të kenë ruajtur pozicionet e ulëta për mbarëvajtjen e punëve të përditshme, por kanë eliminuar postet e larta, duke përqendruar pushtetin te baronët pranë feudalit. Me kalimin e Durrësit nën Venedikun, përdorimi i sistemit të administrimit me qeveritarë venedikas të zgjedhur zhduku përfundimisht sistemin komunal të drejtimit të qytetit.

Diffusion du document : publique Diplôme : Dr. d'Universite ; Land management policies for coastal areas are confronted with increased pressures of land development and urbanisation. Across the northern Mediterranean countries, governments have adopted policies and implemented incentive and regulatory instruments to manage this phenomenon. For transition countries, the application of these instruments is less effective due to the weakness of the institutional framework. The Albanian coastal area is suffering for the last ten years from an anarchic urbanisation of its former agricultural land. This issue is analysed though the study of the land market trends in the 1992-2005 period. Data on market transactions and the characteristics of sold land offer information on the land uses and insights on the future development of the area. Our study is based on a field research in the region Durrës-Kavaja (central area of the country), which constitutes an area heavily concerned by this phenomenon. We identified the main characteristics of the land market and their effects on urbanisation and land development. The conflict between agriculture and urbanisation appears to be won by the latter, leading to the establishment of new urban dwelling areas. The existing policies and instruments can neither prevent urbanisation nor influence its type. The study concludes on the necessity to define a stronger development policy, based upon incentive and regulatory instruments ; Les politiques de gestion du foncier dans les zones littorales doivent gérer une pression d'urbanisation toujours croissante. Dans les pays du Nord de la Méditerranée, ces politiques parviennent tant bien que mal à gérer cette pression à travers une série d'instruments tels que les zonages régissant les droits de construction, les achats de surface d'intérêt spécifique et, parfois, une fiscalité adaptée. Pour les pays sortis de la transition avec des institutions publiques assez faibles, ces instruments sont généralement moins effectifs. La zone littorale albanaise subit depuis dix ans une pression d'urbanisation sur des terres qui avaient jusqu'alors une vocation agricole. Nous étudions ce phénomène à partir de données relatives au marché foncier (pour la période 1992-2005) qui s'est formé dans la zone. Les caractéristiques des transactions et du foncier vendu nous fournissent des informations sur les usages de ce dernier et nous permettent d'explorer le futur de la zone. Notre étude est basée sur un travail de terrain dans la zone de Durrës-Kavaja (zone littorale centrale) qui constitue la zone la plus touchée par l'urbanisation. On a pu ainsi identifier les caractéristiques du marché foncier et les effets de l'urbanisation dans la zone d'étude. Le conflit agriculture - urbanisation est définitivement gagné par cette dernière en produisant des nouvelles zones urbaines. Les politiques et les instruments mise en place n'on pas pu ni empêcher le phénomène, ni influencer le type d'urbanisation. L'étude conclut à la nécessité de mettre en place et en oeuvre une politique s'appuyant sur des instruments plus importants qui, dans le contexte actuel, devra être appuyée par une volonté publique assez claire quant aux objectifs des pouvoirs publics pour l'urbanisation de la zone.

Diffusion du document : publique Diplôme : Dr. d'Universite ; Land management policies for coastal areas are confronted with increased pressures of land development and urbanisation. Across the northern Mediterranean countries, governments have adopted policies and implemented incentive and regulatory instruments to manage this phenomenon. For transition countries, the application of these instruments is less effective due to the weakness of the institutional framework. The Albanian coastal area is suffering for the last ten years from an anarchic urbanisation of its former agricultural land. This issue is analysed though the study of the land market trends in the 1992-2005 period. Data on market transactions and the characteristics of sold land offer information on the land uses and insights on the future development of the area. Our study is based on a field research in the region Durrës-Kavaja (central area of the country), which constitutes an area heavily concerned by this phenomenon. We identified the main characteristics of the land market and their effects on urbanisation and land development. The conflict between agriculture and urbanisation appears to be won by the latter, leading to the establishment of new urban dwelling areas. The existing policies and instruments can neither prevent urbanisation nor influence its type. The study concludes on the necessity to define a stronger development policy, based upon incentive and regulatory instruments ; Les politiques de gestion du foncier dans les zones littorales doivent gérer une pression d'urbanisation toujours croissante. Dans les pays du Nord de la Méditerranée, ces politiques parviennent tant bien que mal à gérer cette pression à travers une série d'instruments tels que les zonages régissant les droits de construction, les achats de surface d'intérêt spécifique et, parfois, une fiscalité adaptée. Pour les pays sortis de la transition avec des institutions publiques assez faibles, ces instruments sont généralement moins effectifs. La zone littorale ...

Diffusion du document : publique Diplôme : Dr. d'Universite ; Land management policies for coastal areas are confronted with increased pressures of land development and urbanisation. Across the northern Mediterranean countries, governments have adopted policies and implemented incentive and regulatory instruments to manage this phenomenon. For transition countries, the application of these instruments is less effective due to the weakness of the institutional framework. The Albanian coastal area is suffering for the last ten years from an anarchic urbanisation of its former agricultural land. This issue is analysed though the study of the land market trends in the 1992-2005 period. Data on market transactions and the characteristics of sold land offer information on the land uses and insights on the future development of the area. Our study is based on a field research in the region Durrës-Kavaja (central area of the country), which constitutes an area heavily concerned by this phenomenon. We identified the main characteristics of the land market and their effects on urbanisation and land development. The conflict between agriculture and urbanisation appears to be won by the latter, leading to the establishment of new urban dwelling areas. The existing policies and instruments can neither prevent urbanisation nor influence its type. The study concludes on the necessity to define a stronger development policy, based upon incentive and regulatory instruments ; Les politiques de gestion du foncier dans les zones littorales doivent gérer une pression d'urbanisation toujours croissante. Dans les pays du Nord de la Méditerranée, ces politiques parviennent tant bien que mal à gérer cette pression à travers une série d'instruments tels que les zonages régissant les droits de construction, les achats de surface d'intérêt spécifique et, parfois, une fiscalité adaptée. Pour les pays sortis de la transition avec des institutions publiques assez faibles, ces instruments sont généralement moins effectifs. La zone littorale ...

The purpose of this study is to analyse the legislative measures and their implementation regarding the participation of children, parents and teachers in creating an educational program in pre-university education system, as a need for better involvement in school of all the actors, as well as the need for the children's wellbeing. In addition, the study aims to bring parents' and teachers' views on the obstacles they face when they try to collaborate and participate in school life and in designing an educational program. Qualitative methods are used to achieve the aim of this study. The data were collected through document analysis (legislation, strategies, and regulations) for analysing how the law addresses participation of children, parents and teachers' in school and through semi-structured interviews with parents and teachers from two primary schools so that they can state their perceptions on participation in school life. Each of them was posed 12 different interview questions. After evaluating the responses, some important issues were identified. The participation of children, parents and teachers in Albanian education system has changed in recent years, even promoted as a key that leads to success. However, because of the monist system, where such participation was neither legally recognised nor culturally accepted, this trinomial collaboration has not been easily introduced and integrated in the Albanian educational system. However, parents do not feel very involved in school life, or appreciated when they try to get involved, even though it is legally admitted the need for the collaboration between family and school. They neither take part in the approval of the curricula of the educational institution, nor in the selection of school textbooks as provided by the law. Research has shown that schools as bureaucratic and conservative institutions need to have clear written policies to encourage the participation of the parents and children when drafting an education program. However, when teachers were asked about parents' participation in school, they said that in many cases parents neglect the collaboration with the school and appear usually when there are problems or troubles, while the participation of children in creating an educational program is still lagging behind.