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When an economic analysis is carried out, it is usual and traditional to resort to figures to support some assertions or elements of judgment, a practice that will only be eventually respected in this small essay, for two simple reasons; the first, due to the lack of timely quarterly indicators and the second, due to the loss of credibility of some strategic figures.Above all, those that intend to fix a monthly or quarterly situation, with improvised figures that favor an apparent good management, with political purposes that annul the genuine and technical perception.As someone said, the figures do not lie, the one who lies is the one who makes them, or the pertinent allusion in a well-known text by Dr. Joan Robinson, called, The fallacy of statistics. ; Cuando se efectúa un análisis económico es usual y tradicional recurrir a cifras para respaldar algunas aseveraciones o elementos de juicio, práctica que será sólo eventualmente respetada en este pequeño ensayo, por dos sencillas razones; la primera, por la carencia de indicadores trimestrales oportunos y la segunda, por la pérdida de credibilidad de algunas cifras estratégicas.Sobre toda, aquellas que pretenden fijar una situación mensual o trimestral, con cifras improvisadas que favorecen una aparente buena gestión, con propósitos políticos que anulan la percepción genuina y técnica.Como alguien dijese, las cifras no mienten, el que miente es el que las fabrica, o la alusión pertinente en un reconocido texto de la Doctora Joan Robinson, llamado, La falacia de las estadísticas.

"At the heart of this book is the rapid pace of change, the need to invest in and create good jobs and support the learning that this entails. It brings together a range of socio-cultural perspectives to examine the hard issues in relation to digitalisation, identity, work design, and affordances for learning, mediated by the ecosystems within which work, and the workplace is positioned. The contributors take a strong social justice perspective that seeks to uncover commonly held assumptions about where the responsibility for workplace learning lies, how to understand workplace learning from a range of different perspectives, and what it all means for practitioners and researchers in the field. The first section sets the scene in its theorization of the role and place of workplace learning in the context of changing circumstances. The second section brings together a rich collection of investigations into workplace learning that address the challenges of rapidly changing circumstances. In the final section, authors consider what workplace learning in changing circumstances means for change practitioners, the changing roles of human resource practitioners, and for workers and quality work. This volume will appeal to graduate and post-graduate students, and academics as well as practitioners such as adult educators, and human resource personnel"--

Preferences for redistribution and social spending are correlated with income and unemployment risk, but it is unclear how these relationships come about. I build a theory emphasizing that only large changes in economic circumstances provide the information and motivation needed for people to change their preferences. Stable long-run preferences are shaped mainly by early socialization, which includes economic and ideological influences from the family, and early labor market experiences. Enduring shocks, low intergenerational mobility and the tendency of left-wing parents to be poorer generate correlations between circumstances and preferences. Because preferences are stable, greater inequality may not increase aggregate support for redistribution. Support is found for the theory with panel data from Switzerland, using a range of empirical tests.

Burns argues that the creation of local governments is not a politically neutral act. From the 1950s through the 1980s, many governments in the United States were incorporated to provide publicly funded infrastructure for private developments and reduce the tax burdens of manufacturers. Although it is unclear whether or not the factors necessary for the formation of special districts had any impact upon subsequent district policies in either 1972, 1982, or 1992. Using U.S. Bureau of the Census data sets, I demonstrate that manufacturers maintained their influence over municipality‐sized special districts, but not county‐sized districts. The study also finds that private development had some impact upon the policies of county‐sized districts as did the racial composition of those counties. Finally, state statutes restricting local governmental behavior had a strong effect upon the policies of both county‐sized and municipal‐sized districts for most periods under examination.

The impact of sociotropic economic satisfaction on the vote has been thoroughly analysed. However, knowledge about how citizens acquire information about the economy and the degree of correspondence between objective macroeconomic changes and citizens' subjective economic perceptions is much more limited. While the effect of partisan rationalisation has recently received some attention, the role of objective personal economic conditions in assessing national economic conditions is still unclear. We suggest that macroeconomic changes have some impact on subjective economic satisfaction, especially among higher-income and socio-professional strata with higher risk aversion rates to negative macroeconomic shocks. The results are obtained via three-level hierarchical linear models using the cumulative file of the European Social Survey (2002-9) and confirm the relevance of citizens' personal economic circumstances as a filter to perceive the state of the economy. Adapted from the source document.