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The article defines the term Green Ports as a part of logistics chain and the transport networks are under sustainable development and process optimization. Port expansion should always be considered in the context of environmental legislation and its implementation in different national laws. Keywords: green economy; MARPOL; sustainable development

My dissertation makes the case that learning from and critically engaging with lay political thinking should be an integral part of democratic theory. Specifically, I explore how democratic theory can engage critically with lay Ukrainian and Russian beliefs about democracy that feature a strong emphasis on economic demands, which is unusual from the standpoint of leading scholarly conceptions. I suggest that such lay expectations are about gaining what T.H. Marshall called social citizenship and autonomy. These economic demands are democratic because they encompass attempts to gain power and collective control over crucial social institutions and forces in the economy that affect people's lives. I highlight several aspects of democratic theory that point to the need to take seriously lay people's own ideas about politics. Democratic theorists should take the rational and deliberative capacity of lay actors seriously because democracy involves collective popular control over crucial social institutions and forces, inclusion, full citizenship, the free exchange of ideas, and equality among listeners and speakers. In a democracy, rights and laws should not be an imposition but rather authorized by the people themselves. As a form of government that rests on popular power, democracy broadly encompasses a principle of participation of constituents in the direction of political life. One way to understand participation, I argue, is by thinking about it as an opportunity for individual and collective self-expression, where lay actors contribute to interpreting their social world by stating their grievances, demands, hopes, or aspirations. Moreover, historically democracy has been contested and redefined not only by experts and elites, but often by lay actors themselves through social movements.

In der klimapolitischen Debatte stehen meist einzelne Instrumente und Maßnahmen im Vordergrund, wohingegen die Frage der ökonomischen Rationalität der Klimapolitik als solcher häufig vernachlässigt wird. Eine Klimapolitik wäre dann ökonomisch rational, wenn politisch vorgegebene Klimaziele mit geringstmöglichen Kosten realisiert werden würden. Notwendig hierfür ist eine umfassende und einheitliche Bepreisung der Treibhausgasemissionen. Dieser rationalen Klimapolitik wird die aktuelle deutsche und europäische Politik gegenübergestellt, die sich als ineffektiv und ineffizient erweist. Ursächlich hierfür sind die Anreize, denen die politischen Akteure unterliegen und die zu einem Widerspruch zwischen ökonomischer Rationalität und politischer Opportunität führen. ; The debate about climate policy is mainly concerned with particular measures and instruments. Only rarely is the economic rationality of climate policy as such discussed. Climate policy would be economically rational, if climate objectives, which are to be determined politically, are realized with minimum costs. To this end, a comprehensive and uniform price on the emission of greenhouse gases has to be established. The actual climate policy, in Germany and in Europe, is far from being economically rational: It is both ineffective and inefficient. This is due to political incentives which make inefficient policies politically more attractive than efficient ones.

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to explore the implementation of self-service at public libraries from the perspective of their users. The implementation of self-service is related to a diverse societal context including for example an overall digitalisation, budget constraints and political expectations on public libraries to contribute to marketing the local community.Methodology - Semi-structured interviews with users and observations have been undertaken at self-service libraries in the south of Sweden. The material is analysed by means of a theoretical framework consisting of previous critical LIS-research, Fairclough's critical discourse analysis and Habermas' theory of the colonisation of the lifeworld.Findings - The implementation of self-service is affecting the users' library practices as well as their expectations on the library. These expectations are shaped by various and sometimes competing discourses. Social implications - To support public libraries' role as democratic public spheres the complexity of the users' understandings should be taken into consideration when implementing self-service.Originality/value – The differing expectations articulated by the users, and the various discourses they can be related to, implicate a hegemonic struggle, corresponding to a changing view on public libraries.

Preliminary Materials /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 1. Background To And Purpose Of The Study /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 2. Typological And Terminological Considerations /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 3. Considerations On Intertextuality And Permeability /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 4. Theoretical And Methodological Considerations /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 5. The Right To Health Under The Echr /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 6. The Right To Housing Under The Echr /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 7. The Right To Education Under The Echr /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 8. The Right To Social Cash Benefits Under The Echr /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 9. Work-Related Rights Under The Echr /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 10. Socio-Economic Demands As Justiciable Rights - The Issue Of Power Balance /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 11. The Relation Between The Echr And The Esc/Resc /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Chapter 12. Concluding Forward-Looking Observations /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- European Court Of Human Rights: List Of Judgments /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- European Court Of Human Rights: List Of Admissibility Decisions /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- The European Committee On Social Rights: List Of Decisions /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Bibliography /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes -- Index /Valentina Calzolari and Jonathan Barnes.