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Front Cover -- Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 2 -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface: Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 2 -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter One: Learning Ecological Networks from Next-Generation Sequencing Data -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Ecological Interactions Are Drivers of Ecosystem Functioning -- 1.2. Ecological Interactions Are Altered by Anthropogenic Activity -- 1.3. Next-Generation Sequencing Can Be Used for Monitoring Ecological Interactions -- 2. Why Learning Ecological Networks from NGS Data? -- 2.1. Limitations of Classical Methods for Resolving Ecological Interactions -- 2.2. Advantages of NGS for Identifying Species and Their Interactions -- 3. Examples of NGS-Based Ecological Networks and Their Applications -- 3.1. Deciphering Pathobiomes Using NGS-Based Microbial Networks for Improving Biological Control -- 3.2. Studying the Hologenome Theory of Evolution Using NGS-Based Microbial Networks -- 3.3. Testing the Niche Partitioning Theory with NGS-Based Trophic Networks -- 3.4. Challenges to Be Addressed to Get Predictive Insights from NGS-Based Networks -- 4. Theoretical Methods for Deciphering Ecological Networks from NGS Data -- 4.1. The Input Data -- 4.2. Inferring Ecological Interactions Using Statistical Models -- 4.2.1. Bayesian Networks and Dynamic Bayesian Networks -- 4.2.2. Gaussian Graphical Models with Sparse Regularization -- 4.3. Learning Ecological Interactions Using Logic-Based Machine-Learning Algorithms -- 4.3.1. Inductive Logic Programming -- 4.3.2. Meta-Interpretive Learning -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter Two: The Visualisation of Ecological Networks, and Their Use as a Tool for Engagement, Advocacy and Management -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Benefits of a Network Approach in Ecology.

"Concern about the functioning of the world's ecosystems has become commonplace, in the scientific literature as well as in everyday parlance. Climate change, loss of biological diversity, chemical pollution, land use changes, and the spread of exotic species are all discussed in connection with the perceived or anticipated degradation or destruction of ecosystems, or at least with an impairment of their functioning. While attention has been focused in the past mostly on the fate of specific processes relevant to human life (such as clean water or the maintenance of food production) or specific valued species, the emphasis has shifted increasingly towards a broader perspective, namely that of the whole ecosystem. Since about the early 1990s, ecosystems and their functioning have become major targets of conservation and management, accompanied by biodiversity as the other major broad-scale conservation focus. Today, both conservation aims are embodied in national and international management strategies, such as the variety of ecosystem management approaches (e.g. Yaffee et al., 1996; Boyce and Haney, 1997) or the Convention on Biological Diversity (including also an 'Ecosystem Approach' as a cross-cutting issue), and the various regional and national strategies are still newly developed"--

The analysis and management of ecosystems rely increasingly on sound geographical knowledge. Ecosystem Geography is a landmark contribution which brings the geographer's tools - maps, scales, boundaries, and units - to the study of ecosystems. The author, a senior geographer and program manager with the U.S. Forest Service, has distilled more than two decades of research on ecosystem mapping and classification. His work has had a growing influence on how government and academic scientists are using ecological data to monitor biodiversity, manage land holdings, and interpret the results of climatic change. Ecosystem Geography features spectacular graphics, including diagrams, photographs, and abundant maps. It will be welcomed by ecologists, geographers, land and resource specialists, and anyone involved in the study of ecosystems

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Chapter 1 -- Role of Legumes in Cropping Systems for Soil Ecosystem Improvement -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Legumes, a Brief Description -- 3. Legumes and Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) -- 4. Inclusion of Legumes in Cropping System -- 4.1. Sequential Cropping -- 4.2. Intercropping -- 4.3. Crop Rotation -- 4.4. Green and Brown Manuring -- 4.5. Cover Crop -- 4.6. Bio-Mulching -- 5. Synergy between Legumes and Soil Health Improvement -- 5.1. Improvement of Soil Physical Properties -- 5.2. Improvement of Soil Chemical Properties -- 5.3. Improvement of Soil Biological Properties -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Novel Silver Nanoparticles as a Modern Defense Tool in Agro-Ecosystems -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Silver Nanoparticle and Green Synthesis -- 2.1. Synthesis via Micro-Organisms -- 2.2. Synthesis via Plant Extracts -- 3. Silver Nanoparticles as Plant Protectant -- 3.1. Silver Nanoparticles Encapsulated Pesticides -- 4. Silver Nanoparticle Led Environmental Remediation -- 4.1. Nanoremediation: Understanding the Mechanism -- 4.2. Nano-Biosensors Led Environmental Remediation -- 5. Research and Development -- Constraint and Policy -- Future Prospects -- Conclusion -- Conflict of Interest -- Acknowledgment -- Funding Agency -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Nano Techniques for Efficient Fertilizer Management -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Applications of Nanoparticles in Agriculture -- 2.1. Nanotechnology in Fertilizer and Pesticides -- 2.2. Nanotechnology in Disease Control -- 3. Types of Nanoparticles -- 3.1. Carbon-Based Nanoparticles -- 3.2. Metal Nanoparticles -- 3.3. Ceramics Nanoparticles -- 3.4. Semiconductor Nanoparticles -- 3.5. Polymeric Nanoparticles -- 3.6. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles -- 4. Characterization of Nanoparticles -- 4.1. Particle Size.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1: Geography of Deserts -- 2: Geology of Deserts -- 3: Atmoshpere and Deserts -- 4: Biology of Deserts -- 5: History and the Desert -- 6: Economics of the Desert -- 7: Health of the Deserts -- 8: Management of the Desert -- Conclusion -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- Glossary -- Bibliography and Further Reading -- Index.