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The aim of the article is to describe the indicators determining the efficiency of public spending on education, to identify problems related to the evaluation of efficiency, to compare education funding in the European Union countries, to characterise public spending on education in Latvia as well as to provide suggestions for further improvement of efficiency. It is concluded that there are a number of indicators characterising the efficiency of education financing, but there is no unified approach to their evaluation, and it should be taken into account that efficiency indicators are continuously influenced by environmental factors. The author points out that financing amount per one learner in different types of education allows assessing the efficiency of public spending. It is proposed to pay special attention to the issue of special education financing in Latvia, by evaluating possibilities to improve the financing principles of special education and increasing its efficiency. ; Straipsnio tikslas yra aprašyti rodiklius, lemiančius viešųjų išlaidų švietimui efektyvumą, identifikuoti problemas, susijusias su efektyvumo įvertinimu, palyginti švietimo finansavimą Europos Sąjungos šalyse, charakterizuoti viešųjų išlaidų skyrimą švietimui Latvijoje, taip pat pateikti pasiūlymus dėl tolesnio efektyvumo gerinimo. Išvadoje teigiama, kad yra daug rodiklių, kurie charakterizuoja švietimo finansavimo efektyvumą, tačiau nėra vieno būdo tai įgyvendinti. Svarbu pažymėti, kad efektyvumo rodikliams dažnai įtakos turi išoriniai veiksniai. Autorė pažymi, kad finansavimas, skiriant lėšas vienam mokiniui pagal skirtingus švietimo tipus, leidžia pasiekti švietimo finansavimo efektyvumą. Siūloma ypatingą dėmesį skirti specialiajam ugdymui Latvijoje, įvertinant galimybes pagerinti finansavimo principus šiame ugdyme ir taip pagerinti jo efektyvumą.

In this article, the authors analyze the efficiency of public spending among Sub-Saharan African countries using a panel data for 23 Sub-Saharan Africa countries covering the period 2006-2018. This paper employs two-stage bootstrap output-oriented DEA approach. In addition, this study analyses the sources of distortions in public spending. Results show that the average biascorrected inefficiency score was 48 percent between 2006 and 2018 while the uncorrected inefficiency was 32.3percent. Institutional quality and domestic saving significantly influence the efficiency of public spending. Hence, there is need for Sub-Saharan African governments to observe fiscal discipline through strengthening of monitoring unit of government expenditure.

This paper examines the effect of ethnic diversity on the efficiency of public spending in a set of developing countries. For this purpose, we use Data Envelopment Analysis to assess the efficiency of public spending in the sectors of health, education and infrastructure in 77 developing countries over the period 1996-2012. Further, we investigate the effect of ethnic diversity on the cross country variation in efficiency. Two main findings emerge. First, barely 12% of the sample of countries under study makes an efficient use of public expenditure. Second, no matters the level of aggregation, ethnic polarization is positively associated with higher efficiency. In contrast, ethnic fractionalization does have a negative or at the best no effect on efficiency, especially at the finest level of disaggregation.

This paper examines the effect of ethnic diversity on the efficiency of public spending in a set of developing countries. For this purpose, we use Data Envelopment Analysis to assess the efficiency of public spending in the sectors of health, education and infrastructure in 77 developing countries over the period 1996-2012. Further, we investigate the effect of ethnic diversity on the cross country variation in efficiency. Two main findings emerge. First, barely 12% of the sample of countries under study makes an efficient use of public expenditure. Second, no matters the level of aggregation, ethnic polarization is positively associated with higher efficiency. In contrast, ethnic fractionalization does have a negative or at the best no effect on efficiency, especially at the finest level of disaggregation.

Governments of developing countries typically spend between 20 and 30 percent of gross domestic product. Hence, small changes in the efficiency of public spending could have a major impact on aggregate productivity growth and gross domestic product levels. Therefore, measuring efficiency and comparing input-output combinations of different decision-making units becomes a central challenge. This paper gauges efficiency as the distance between observed input-output combinations and an efficiency frontier estimated by means of the Free Disposal Hull and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. Input-inefficiency (excess input consumption to achieve a level of output) and output-inefficiency (output shortfall for a given level of inputs) are scored in a sample of 175 countries using data from 2006-16 on education, health, and infrastructure. The paper verifies empirical regularities of the cross-country variation in efficiency, showing a negative association between efficiency and spending levels and the ratio of public-to-private financing of the service provision. Other variables, such as inequality, urbanization, and aid dependency, show mixed results. The efficiency of capital spending is correlated with the quality of governance indicators, especially regulatory quality (positively) and perception of corruption (negatively). Although no causality may be inferred from this exercise, it points at different factors to understand why some countries might need more resources than others to achieve similar education, health, and infrastructure outcomes.

The round table devoted to the improvement of the mechanism of evaluating the effectiveness of public expenditure on research and experimental development. Russia occupies a leading position in the world on public inancing of research and development (70 %), but has a relatively low level of patent activity and technology imports three times more than it exports. The growth of intellectual capital and reindustrialization industry is provided by the creation of new knowledge-intensive industries, modernization of existing industries and the formation of the fundamental scientiic groundwork. It is proposed to carry out the assessment of public expenditure on research and development, taking into account the life cycle of intellectual property, including its creation, the practical use and the degree of social signiicance. The eficiency of public spending can be evaluated and analyzed on the basis of strategic targets and key performance indicators and additional R & D investment. This will facilitate the transition to a new model of innovation development of economy based on the timing of investment lows in research and development, patent activity and technology import, licensing and high-tech products. This assessment would, if necessary, in a timely manner to adjust the direction of spending in order to achieve maximum cost-effectiveness.

The measurement of the efficiency of public education expenditure using parametric and non-parametric methods has proven challenging. This paper seeks to overcome the difficulties of earlier studies by using a hybrid approach to measure the efficiency of secondary education spending in emerging and developing economies. The approach accounts for the impact of the level of development on education outcomes by constructing different efficiency frontiers for lower- and higher-income economies. We find evidence of large potential gains in enrollment rates by improving efficiency. These are largest

PURPOSE: Every human has a right to education. The states are required to provide educational services to every citizen, as it is an essential tool for creating and enhancing the knowledge and skills of a given society. The aim of this study is to investigate how Ukraine deals with the efficiency of public spending on education, as compared to the other EU countries. ; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: As a quantitative tool, a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been applied. The DEA evaluates the technical efficiency and aims at estimating the relationship between the inputs and outputs of homogeneous objects. It is a powerful, non-parametric method for evaluating the relative efficiency when there are multiple inputs and outputs. The variant of the super-efficiency and non-oriented, slackbased DEA model, under the assumption of variable returns to scale has been used in this study. ; FINDINGS: The DEA computations showed that Ukraine fared very well, as compared to 22 EU countries, taking second place in the DEA super efficiency ranking (δ = 1.18). This result confirmed that in terms of the technical efficiency of public spending on education, Ukraine was doing much better than many EU member states. It does not mean that the Ukrainian education system should be considered a model one, but only that with relatively low expenditure on education, Ukraine achieves above-average results. ; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of the study help to identify areas of state activity in which Ukraine meets the standards of the European Union countries and justify the need to introduce appropriate aid to support Ukraine in its pursuit of the EU membership. ; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study complements the existing knowledge in the literature with evidence-based discussion on the opportunities and threats of Ukraine joining the EU. ; peer-reviewed