Suchergebnisse

AB'nin en önemli kurumsal yeniliklerden biri AB ajanslarının kurulmasıdır. AB ajansları, AB kurumlarından ayrı, ulus-üstü nitelikte, tüzel kişiliğe sahip belli düzeyde örgütsel ve mali özerkliği olan kamu otoriteleridir. AB ajanslarının üstlendikleri görevler gerçekte AB ve üye devletler tarafından yerine getirilen görevlerdir. AB ve üye devletlerin birtakım düzenleyici, izleme ve koordinasyon görevlerini AB ajanslarına devretmesiyle birlikte AB ajansları, AB mevzuatının uygulanmasında ve Avrupa politika sektörlerinin düzenlenmesinde önemli görevler üstlenmişlerdir. Genellikle doğrudan AB vatandaşlarını etkileyen alanlarda faaliyet gösteren ve Avrupa'yı vatandaşlarına yakın kılma anlayışıyla AB'nin her yerine dağılmış durumda olan bu ajanslar; ticari markaların tescili; uyuşturucu bağımlılığı; iş sağlığı ve güvenliği; gıda ve hava güvenliği; ilaçlar; çevre; kimyasallar; telekomünikasyon; hastalık önleme; sınır kontrolü; savunma vb. çeşitli politika alanlarında bir dizi görevi yerine getirmektedir. AB ajanslarının hızla artan sayıları AB'de yürütme gücünün yeniden yapılandırılması anlamına gelirken, bu da politika oluşturma ve tüm AB kurumsal yapısında etkili olacak yeni aktörlerin ortaya çıkması demektir. AB'de ajans oluşturmanın politik ve kurumsal gerekçelerinin ele alındığı bu çalışmada, AB'de kurulan 36 AB ajansı incelenmiş; AB ajanslarının politikaların entegrasyonu, ulus-üstü yapının güçlendirilmesi ve AB'nin meşruiyetinin arttırılmasının bir gereği olduğu ifade edilmiştir.

The European Union (EU) has been challenged by several crises lately. In addition to Brexit, the Euro crisis, and the migration crisis; global issues such as the coronavirus pandemic and the Russian attack on Ukraine affected the EU. The migration crisis, on the one hand, differs from the above-mentioned crises with one remarkable feature. The member states have no real consensus about forming a common migration policy. Besides, for geographic reasons, some member states put much more burden on immigrants. Agreeing on immigration becomes impossible for the border countries on the migration route and also transit countries. The paper argues that, unlike the other crises of the EU, the migration crisis reinforces EU integration in such a way that disputes between member states prevent the EU from making institutional changes about the issue. The study results assume that the other above-mentioned crises, on the other hand, stimulated institutional change throughout the EU. In light of this information, this study evaluates, using a method of relevant literature review and comparing the arguments of the researchers, how the migration issue became a subject of dispute between member states by evaluating the 2015 crisis.

Following Rouhani's victory in the 2013 presidential elections, Iran's foreign policy (IFP) underwent significant changes after over a decade under Ahmadinejad. To date, only a few academic studies have attempted to incorporate a specific individual-level theory into their respective analyses, even though a large body of literature contends that leadership change is the decisive factor in differences in Iran's policy towards the US and the EU. This study analyzes the leadership styles of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani to reveal the possible impact of decision-maker personalities on foreign policy, and to develop an account of the moderation in IFP. Accordingly, it asks, "How does leadership style influence IFP towards the 'Western world'?" Theoretically, the study benefits from Hermann's 'Leadership Trait Analysis' to find out the impact of leaders' personalities on foreign policy behaviors of states. Empirically, it analyzes both presidents' spontaneously selected political speeches, consisting of their answers in interviews and press conferences. Methodologically, the study utilizes the software Profiler Plus to assess individual traits of leaders. Interpreting leadership trait scores of two presidents, the study concludes that certain leadership features allow the construction of foreign policies that are more moderate.

This study is concerned with the components of agricultural foreign trade of Iraq and the development during the seventies. It analyses the factors of agricultural and food trade balances as well as the balance of production and the degree of agricultural dependency of Iraqi economy on the rest of the world and its effect on Iraq's agricultural policy. (DÜI-Sdt)

As a result of efforts to establish a common migration policy and harmonize European countries since the 1990s, European countries began to want to include the migration regime in the EU acquis. In those years, the goal of European migration policy was to combat irregular migration. Turkey's more intrusive control over migration has also put pressure on European countries. Because Türkiye has become a transit country that opens space for irregular immigrants. In this context, a strong immigration policy has been established in order to respond to the expectations of Europe's institutional and legal regulations. Among these regulations, there are some decisions regarding labor migration. In this study, Turkey's Eleventh Development Plan was examined within the framework of the concept of "sustainable development", taking into account Turkey's current development goals. In consequence of these investigations, new business areas that have emerged recently have been identified and analyzed.

The study deals with the historical course of labor in the People's Republic of China. In this sense, it is aimed to address the problems and changes experienced by the working classes in the People's Republic of China, starting from 1949 until today. The main argument of the study is that between the 1949-1978 periods, which is expressed as the planned economy period, and the open economy period after 1978, the exposure of labor to exploitation continued. Although it is accepted that there are differences in the forms and levels of exploitation specific to the mentioned periods, it is aimed to state that the exploitation is permanent. The fact that China, which still defines itself as a socialist country and represents the working class, in practice has a system based on cheap labor and labor exploitation creates a serious contradiction. To support its main argument, the study will include work units called danwei, the concept of the iron rice bowl, the policy of the great leap forward, the hukou system (household registration system) and the impact of these issues on the workforce. It will also include the All China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) and workers' actions.