Suchergebnisse

The Petroleum Exploration and Production Association of New Zealand (PEPANZ) commissioned NZIER to estimate the macroeconomic and regional economic impacts of the Government decision to ban the granting of new oil and gas exploration permits outside onshore Taranaki. This ban was given effect through the Crown Minerals (Petroleum) Amendment Act 2018, and this report refers to this policy in shorthand as "the ban" To date, publicly available economic analysis on the decision has been limited to primarily the fiscal analysis contained in the Regulatory Impact Statement (RIS) accompanying the Cabinet paper, prepared in support of the Crown Minerals (Petroleum) Amendment Bill. This outlined the regulatory changes required to implement the ban and focused on the fiscal impacts to the Government through taxes and royalties, rather than the wider economic impacts. It is important to note that this analysis on financial impacts to the Crown was conducted after the policy had already been announced.

The objective of this thesis is to examine the legal procedures and systems concerning granting or possessing mineral rights, and how such rights may be exercised, particularly given the diametric interests of land use, ownership and land tenure. The study, comparative in its nature, aims at highlighting the similarities and differences between the countries and states of comparison, and thereby identify interesting solutions of issues relating to the granting and exercising of mineral rights. The study examines mineral rights and different legal systems regulating mineral exploration and exploitation. The focus is on mining and mineral legislation and its application, including the exercise of mineral rights. The systems chosen are those of Sweden, Finland and the states of Ontario and Western Australia. The main result is generated by the comparison dealing with the application, granting and possession of mineral rights related to the development of a mine. Several processes are thereby identified. In addition, the content and extent of the different rights and obligations related to exploration and exploitation activities are examined, as well as land areas open or closed for the exercise of these rights. The legal processes concerning granting mineral rights are in fact complex as evidenced by this work, particularly when land-use and environmental legislation is taken into account. The perception of a good balance in legislation between diametric interests of land use, ownership and land tenure is heavily linked to the view of sustainable development. The difficulties of achieving this are confirmed by the countries and states compared. The continuous change of mineral legislation during the course of this study is an indication of the complexity of the topic. ; QC20100723

"Permit trading is an environmental policy instrument that has received increasing levels of attention over recent years. Coming from the field of air quality management, with the European CO2 emissions trading system being the most prominent example, it enters new fields of application, such as land use policy and biodiversity protection, water quality and water quantity trading. This book gives an overview of these recent developments and discusses the possibilities and limits of permit trading in environmental policies. The advantages of permit trading are not only seen with respect to economic efficiency, which leads to achieving the environmental target at minimum cost, but also with respect to the instrument's environmental effectiveness. By setting a cap for the overall emissions, a given environmental target can be met. This makes permit trading an interesting case for many environmental fields where safeguarding the environmental target plays a dominant role. Against this background, permit trading is discussed in environmental policy fields, where it has not been considered before, for example, land use management, biodiversity protection and water trading. Permit Trading in Different Applications analyses the properties of permit trading: its possibilities and limitations, its design options and its restrictions on a more general level. It demonstrates how lessons learnt in established policy fields like air quality management can be transferred to new and emerging fields of application. This collection will provide students and practitioners in environmental sciences and policy with valuable research into instrument choice and design with respect to permit trading"--

AbstractNearly all of the myriad federal environmental statutes that have been passed have included waivers of sovereign immunity. In order for federal practitioners to understand the nature of these waivers, and how extensive they are, it is important to understand the history of waivers by viewing them through the Supreme Court's interpretation of what is required for Congress to yield federal control to the states with respect to federal facilities.One area in which further exploration is necessary is states requiring professional engineers or registered engineers to certify permit applications or closure plans in accordance with state permit laws and regulations, in environmental fields as these laws and regulations apply to federal facilities. This issue is further complicated when the program has been given delegated authority by EPA. What is the effect of a program that has not been approved by EPA but still regulates an environmental area that will have a significant effect on a federal facility with respect to this same requirement?

Environmental preservation needs to be considered to avoid conflicts and social protests in the mining world, especially in the communities around the mines. Conflicts of social resistance and efforts to preserve the environment through protests to preserve the environment in West Nusa Tenggara. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The results of this research indicate that exploration permits without regard to sociological and ecological conditions cause social conflict. Furthermore, the form of social conflict is in the form of demonstrations and protests on a large scale by closing the main access to West Nusa Tenggara - East Nusa Tenggara, burning state facilities and social vulnerability. It is hoped that the results of this research are related to the policies and granting of mining business licenses to pay more attention to social problems.

Funding Information: Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (grant agreement no 601139) and the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research (MIUR) PON AIM project (id: AIM1875400-1, CUP: B74I18000210006). Publisher Copyright: © 2021. All Rights Reserved. ; This paper introduces a design framework for mixed reality urban exploration (MRUE), based on a concrete implementation in a historical city. The framework integrates different modalities, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and haptics-audio interfaces, as well as advanced features such as personalized recommendations, social exploration, and itinerary management. It permits to address a number of concerns regarding information overload, safety, and quality of the experience, which are not sufficiently tackled in traditional non-integrated approaches. This study presents an integrated mobile platform built on top of this framework and reflects on the lessons learned. ; Peer reviewed

Any forward-oriented enterprise must somehow manage the challenges posed by uncertainty and with its distant temporal horizons, high stakes, and low probability of success, mineral exploration is a good illustration of this general rule. Based on a combination of interviews, observations, and archival research, this thesis investigates how explorationists use predictions to manage the material complexities and the uncertainties that contribute to determining the future minability of mineral deposits. Using data from industrial mineral exploration in Sweden, the thesis traces the production and use of predictions across the exploration process, from its early explorative phases to its development into a techno-economic hybrid in advanced stage exploration. With the aid of a detailed study of the valuation processes involved in measuring and predicting the future minability in exploration projects, the thesis demonstrates how risk management in mineral exploration relies both on a continuous addition of measurements and data on different dimensions of "risk" and the bracketing of any uncertainties unaccounted for in exploration practice and standards. Moreover, the thesis shows how industry standards provide explorationists with repertoires of values that are called upon in order to justify predictions as accurate and precise depictions of the future. However, the thesis also demonstrates how justifications of predictions in mineral exploration are not only about prediction correctness, but also about the merits of realizing the predicted future as explorationists are shown to actualize values expressed in contemporary debates to justify the benefits of a mining future. Lastly, the thesis also shows how predictions are used in explorationists' interactions with their publics. To accomplish this, the thesis outlines how investors, governmental agencies, and other actors upon whom explorationists depend on for resources such as capital and legal permits use second-order metapredictions to determine whether to invest in or grant permits to a project. Moreover, the thesis also highlights how these metapredictors are invited by explorationists to co-create the predicted mining future while other affected parties are left out. Together, the findings reported here demonstrates not only the way predictions are used in uncertainty management and the epistemic challenges involved in making predictions, but also the social and political implementations of how predictions are used not only to make claims about the future, but also how explorationists and their associates use predictions to claim the future for themselves.

Law is a discipline deeply affected by development and adjustment. Standards are neither made nor connected in a vacuum, and are re-adjusted and utilized for a number of specific reasons. Law and society are deeply connected with each other: society resembles the wilderness without the application of law, while law is characterised by the society in which it is implemented.The relationship between authoritative legal documents and social science has been increasingly investigated within recent years, with collaboration between researchers from the humanities, sociology, and legal disciplines, destabilizing and re-conceptualizing ways of discussing legal issues. This ever-expanding corpus of work has explored an assortment of issues, from ideas of uniformity and secularism to histories of provincial law, and from women's activist engagements with the law to the relationship between law and the media. This book investigates a range of hypothetical issues concerning the relationship between law and society and how it plays out, specifically in fields of legitimacy and social strategy at both residential and universal levels. This will allow the reader to comprehend the hidden standards and ideas in socio-legal reviews. The central questions here are: What effect does law have on our lives? To what extent does law either control what we do or permit us to accomplish what we need? Is law indistinguishable from equity?The book will appeal to anyone working in government, general affiliations, legal firms and consultancies, and legal scholars.

Este artigo analisa um movimento contemporâneo que realiza expedições urbanas. Considerada um hobby, tais expedições designam uma prática contemporânea denominada urban exploration, atividade que envolve percursos através de lugares abandonados, de subterrâneos, até os pontos mais altos da cidade. A prática revela um modo de ressignificação do indivíduo em sua relação com a cidade, no intuito de observá-la e registrá-la por diversos ângulos. Infiltrar-se nas entranhas da cidade, nos lugares esquecidos, permite pensar sobre uma nova possibilidade de o sujeito recriar sua relação afetiva e subjetiva com a cidade moderna. Aliás, a grande contribuição do urban exploration deve-se ao registro fotográfico, que mostra a beleza dos lugares esquecidos da cidade, levantando questões sobre a preservação e o patrimônio. Precisamente neste artigo vão ser analisadas expedições do urban exploration pelo subterrâneo de metrópoles como Paris, Nova York e Londres, por meio de uma aproximação artística e literária com o registro das fotografias dos exploradores urbanos.

For a coal mining company the coal resources are an important asset, and they are acquired in a number of different ways, such as obtaining a prospecting permit from government or an existing permit from another entity and or purchasing an operating colliery from another entity. The Paardeplaats Project is a brownfields project located approximately 7 km south west of the town of Belfast in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, on the far eastern edge of the Witbank Coalfield. The project is located adjacent to an operating mine, Glisa Colliery, owned by Eyesizwe Coal. Eyesizwe Coal was awarded the prospecting permit in 2006 by the Department of Mineral Resources. Subsequent exploration activities, which included airborne magnetic survey and borehole drilling, were conducted between 2008 and 2010. The results of the drilling confirmed the presence of coal resources, which are classified in the Measured, Indicated and Inferred categories. Mining and beneficiation methods from the adjacent Glisa Colliery, which has similar geology to the project area, were assumed in order to generate a coal reserve statement. The Coal Reserve qualities are suitable to the domestic market, particularly Eskom. South Africa's coal supply is demand driven, primarily from Eskom for electricity generation followed by the export market and thirdly by Sasol for synthetic fuel generation. The majority of Eskom's existing coal-fired power stations are located in the Mpumalanga Province, which provides a viable market for coal projects in Mpumalanga when considering existing transport infrastructure and transportation costs. Eskom's continued demand for coal in the Mpumalanga region, at least until 2040, provides a future market for advanced coal projects in the region. A valuation of the project using the Cash Flow Approach showed the project to be economically viable. ; Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Faculty of Science, Geology, 2017

The Master Thesis considers the current internal Russian political discourse concerning the national geopolitical positions in the Arctic region and the prospects of Russian geopolitical and real (economic, military, strategic) presence in the region. The very process of elaboration and formulation of the geopolitical images, ideas and notions regarding the Arctic issue within the Russian geopolitical agenda is under research. The recently emerged theory of critical geopolitical (or post-geopolitics) has been chosen as a theoretical ground for the thesis as a theory that permits to examine the very inner political discourse on the problem that is elaborated by the statesmen, political elite, officials and geopolitical experts. Similarly, the discourse analysis was implemented as an effective method of text assessment and interpretation of senses contained within the texts on the issue of Russian geopolitical factor in the Arctic exploration. Keywords: geopolitics, critical geopolitics, critical approach, geopolitical factor, geopolitical discourse, internal political discourse, discourse analysis, the Arctic region, the Arctic Ocean, the Northern territories, Russian geopolitical agenda, Russian policy in the Arctic, Russian exploration of the Arctic.