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"Recently scholars identified a global 'explosion' of democracy as a sharply distinctive period within Huntington's Third Wave of democratization. So far the role of modernization has not been analyzed with particular regard to this outstanding phase of democratization. Given that modernization has economic as well as cultural aspects, we test two prominent theses. First, we test Przeworski/ Limongiżs claim that transitions to democracy do not derive from economic modernization. Using a graded measure of regime change, we present evidence to the contrary. Second, we test Inglehart's finding that modern mass attitudes play a negligable role in promoting regime change to democracy. To the contrary again, we show that one aspect of cultural modernization, mass-level liberty aspirations, has a positive impact on democratic change - even stronger than economic modernization. Third, we unfold the concept of Human Development to establish a more general argument on the causal mechanism in the modernization-democratization nexus. Our data cover 60 societies of the World Values Surveys, representing nearly 50 per cent of all regime changes in the world since 1972." (author's abstract)

This study examined "gas explosions in Nigeria: the causes and management''. The study depended on the secondary source of information. A gas explosion has become a very tragic accident in Nigeria that when it happens, many families morn. For instance, the recent explosion in Lafia, the Nasarawa State capital (10th September 2018) has left over fifty people receiving treatment for various degrees of burns at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital. As a result of that, we felt there is a need to examine the causes of gas explosions and how best it could be handled to avoid further burns and loss of lives. From our findings; it was discovered that most gas explosions happen as a result of the lack of gas detector instrument in homes and gas plant stations. Even when they are there, it is not properly maintained to be able to detect a gas leak. It was discovered that most people into the business don't have the expert knowledge on ways to handle gas, and household users equally use gas with lackadaisical attitudes and poor maintenance culture. It was also discovered that state governments don't stick to the master plan of their respective states and that is why people construct gas plant stations just about anywhere they find space. From the study, the following recommendations were made: it is advisable that we all have gas detection instrument which helps to prevent gas explosion before time. Again, there is a need to educate ourselves deeply on ways of handling gas before using it or going into the business. It is very important that states wake up and ensure that master plans of their respective states are kept, so as to minimize the number of casualties through gas plant explosions. It is also advised that supervisory agencies work aggressively in ensuring that gas plant stations are located according to the master plan of a state which should be far from residential areas, and most importantly, routine checkup should always be done on gas plant stations to avoid further gas explosions

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