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The study assessed the effects of external shocks on fiscal policy in Nigeria. Vector auto-regression VAR estimating technique is adopted to achieve the set objectives of the study. The VAR model comprises of the following variables GDP, oil output, oil price, government revenue, government expenditure, external reserve, exchange rate, fiscal balance, and non-oil export. These variables represent the external shocks, the growth variables, fiscal variables and some other macroeconomic variables. The VAR results show that oil price and non-oil export are the most important external shocks affecting fiscal policy in Nigeria. It was also discovered that public debt shock has no significant impact on government expenditure. In addition, external reserve and exchange rate shocks also have a significant impact on fiscal policy. Finally, government expenditure shock failed to have a significant impact on the GDP. The implication of these results is that the effectiveness of fiscal policy in achieving macroeconomic objectives in Nigeria depends on these identified shocks.

Cover -- Contents -- I. Introduction -- II. Empirical Approach and Data -- A. Growth Accelerations and Reversals -- B. Country-specific external conditions -- C. Domestic Attributes and Policies -- III. How Do Domestic Attributes Affect the Influence of External Conditions on Growth Episodes? -- A. Direct Effect of Domestic Policies and Attributes on the Likelihood of Growth Episodes -- B. Exploring How the Impact of External Conditions on the Likelihood of Growth Episodes Depends on Policies and Other Domestic Attributes -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Annex.

In Zeiten von Klimawandel und zunehmender makroökonomischer Instabilität seit der globalen Wirtschaftskrise von 2008/2009 entdeckten die Disziplinen der Wirtschaftsgeographie und Regionalökonomik das aus der Psychologie stammende Konzept der Resilienz, um die Widerstands- und Erholungsfähigkeit ökonomischer Raumsysteme gegenüber exogenen Schocks zu messen, zu erklären und daraus neues Handlungswissen für die Politik zu generieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht diese Dissertation die Auswirkungen exogener Schocks auf das regionale Wirtschaftswachstum und modelliert Einflussfaktoren, die potenziell zur regionalökonomischen Resilienz europäischer Regionen beitragen. Die quantitativen Analysen differenzieren nach anthropogenen (Finanzkrisen und rezessive Schocks) und klimatisch induzierten Schocks (Wetter-anomalien). Die empirischen Studien identifizieren heterogene Schock-Effekte und Determinanten, welche die räumlichen Schadensmuster in Europa erklären. ; In economic geography and regional economics, an intensified discourse on resilience in the context of policy recommendations to stabilize and promote sustainable regional growth can be particularly observed since the so-called 'Great Recession' in 2008/2009. This dissertation contributes to expanding the scientific understanding of the topic as it explores the spatial patterns of shock responses and links these patterns to determinants that potentially shape the economic resilience of European regions. In doing so, the dissertation provides empirical foundations whether and to what extent shocks or disturbances are able to unevenly affect the economic performance of regions. The quantitative studies address two types of shocks: anthropogenic disturbances (recessions and financial crises) and environmental shocks (climate change and weather anomalies). In the last step, contributions to the literature are highlighted and policy recommendations are derived from the empirical findings.

This paper examines the relative importance of external shocks as sources of business cycle fluctuations in Mexico, and identifies the dynamic responses of domestic output to foreign disturbances. Using a VAR model with block exogeneity restrictions, it finds that U.S. shocks explain a large share of Mexico's macroeconomic fluctuations after NAFTA. This partly reflects greater trade integration-but also Mexico's ""Great Moderation,"" as the country escaped its former pattern of macro-financial crises. In this period, Mexico's output fluctuations have been closely synchronized with the U.S. cyc