African reality and violent extremism ; La realidad africana y el extremismo violento
The African reality is multiple: victim of regional conflicts, coup d'état, endemic diseases, illiteracy, hunger, corruption, terrorism and social breakdown, unable to commit to development and to secure a better future for future generations. Africa is diverse: political, economic and religious. After decades of colonial occupation, slave trafficking, exploitation and subjection of European metropolis from the 15th century onwards, it was recently in the 1960s that many territories became independent states, following the essential intervention of the Committee on Decolonisation. The end of the Second World War, the resulting international context and the creation of the United Nations, led to the beginning of decolonisation in Africa. This colonisation process enabled the major powers, based on the simultaneous exploitation of resources and cheap labour, to produce products for the international market, depriving traditional African society of its autonomy and any prospect of change. With very few exceptions (Madagascar, Lesotho, Ethiopia and Swaziland), the current states are inherited from colonial social training, lacking national sovereignty. Still today, they symbolise an extension of the colonial state, unable to control the population living on its territory. It is true that these states, characterised as 'fragile', face different threats on a daily basis such as civil wars, large-scale atrocities and humanitarian emergencies. Through the media, we are only spectators of a number of testimonies related to violent extremism in Africa. However, its destructive scope and consequences are among the main peace challenges that the international community is currently facing. Department of International Security and Defence. Institute for International Relations ; La realidad africana es múltiple: víctima de conflictos regionales, golpes de Estado, enfermedades endémicas, analfabetismo, hambre, corrupción, terrorismo y desestructuración social, incapaz de apostar por el desarrollo y de asegurar un futuro mejor ...