Suchergebnisse

Contends that East German democratization held to the instant success model by virtue of communist-driven modernization, which set the attitudinal & associational stage for democracy as soon as the regime was replaced via free parliamentary elections. This is contrary to arguments that insist that failed communist modernization led to regime collapse & that reunification was the true start of democratization. The five stages of the instant success model of democratization are detailed, demonstrating that four of the five stages had been completed prior to the Oct 1990 reunification, with the fifth -- elite transformation -- beginning before then. Although a unified normative commitment to democracy is seen to prevail among eastern elites, it is necessary to gauge the extent to which eastern & western German elite understandings converge on the notion of democracy. This is attended to, drawing on survey data, & it is found that eastern elites possessed a far stronger collectivist orientation than in the west. Thus, while modernization yields many universal outcomes, it appears to differ between state socialist & capitalist societies with respect to the distribution of collectivist & individualist reviews. 3 Tables, 36 References. J. Zendejas

Contends that East German democratization held to the instant success model by virtue of communist-driven modernization, which set the attitudinal & associational stage for democracy as soon as the regime was replaced via free parliamentary elections. This is contrary to arguments that insist that failed communist modernization led to regime collapse & that reunification was the true start of democratization. The five stages of the instant success model of democratization are detailed, demonstrating that four of the five stages had been completed prior to the Oct 1990 reunification, with the fifth -- elite transformation -- beginning before then. Although a unified normative commitment to democracy is seen to prevail among eastern elites, it is necessary to gauge the extent to which eastern & western German elite understandings converge on the notion of democracy. This is attended to, drawing on survey data, & it is found that eastern elites possessed a far stronger collectivist orientation than in the west. Thus, while modernization yields many universal outcomes, it appears to differ between state socialist & capitalist societies with respect to the distribution of collectivist & individualist reviews. 3 Tables, 36 References. J. Zendejas

Die Veränderungen in multinationalen Organisationen, so der Autor einleitend, erfordern entsprechende organisationstheoretische Konzeptionen. Ausgehend von einer Analyse der gegenwärtigen Transformationsprozesse werden deshalb Überlegungen zur Entwicklung der Organisationstheorie vorgelegt. Transformation wird zunächst beschrieben als Übersetzungsänderung (changing gear) hinsichtlich der durch das Transformationsgeschehen implizierten Lernprozesse. Zur theoretischen Beschreibung dieses Vorgangs wird ein Konzept von Organisationslernen vorgestellt, in dem verschiedene Formen des Lernens von Organisationen näher unterschieden werden: Lernen durch "Transplantation" (beispielsweise im Banksektor durch Übertragung von West-Know-how) sowie Lernen durch Innovation; hinsichtlich der Lernmodalitäten wird sodann zwischen Lernen durch Wissenstransfer und Lernen durch "Versuch und Irrtum" differenziert. Abschließend wird nach den Auswirkungen der Lernprozesse auf die Organisationsstruktur gefragt, wobei zwischen flachen Organisationsstrukturen, lean management und Projektmanagement unterschieden wird. (ICD)

At German reunification, the former East German trade unions were abolished in favor of the highly legalistic West German system of industrial relations. East Germans looked to trade unions to guarantee employment & to aid in achieving rapid prosperity, but the Western trade unions were not prepared for the concomitant economic tumult. Mismanaged privatization, mass unemployment, inflation, & social insecurity were part of the restructuring crisis. East German subsidiaries experience lack of capital, mismanagement, & dependence on the West, all of which weakens their bargaining power, challenges the equalization of Eastern & Western conditions, & supports long-term unsafe & precarious labor relations. Whether needed reforms in industrial relations will be achieved & solutions to corporate, national, & European challenges will be found is uncertain. 2 Figures, 13 References. L. A. Hoffman

Der Beitrag basiert auf qualitativen Fallstudien aus den Jahren 2002-2005, die im Rahmen des Projekts FATE (Families and Transitions in Europe) durchgeführt wurden. Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind die Mobilitätsabsichten, vor allem die Migrationsabsichten junger Europäer im Prozess der Berufseinmündung. Einleitend werden quantitative Indikatoren zur Migration von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Europa vorgestellt. Den Migrationsabsichten liegen sowohl in Nordirland als auch in Ostdeutschland Erfahrungen mit Arbeitslosigkeit, Zeitarbeit oder schlechten Arbeitsbedingungen zugrunde. Hauptmotiv ist der Wunsch nach besseren Lebensperspektiven. In der Umsetzung ihrer Migrationsabsichten orientieren sich die Jugendlichen an ihnen bekannten Migrationsverläufen. Im Vordergrund der Migrationsabsichten stehen Ziele im Inland (auch der Republik Irland) sowie in den USA. (ICE). Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2002 bis 2005.

Examines how the economic, social, & cultural reorganization of the former East Germany is affecting the lives of women in Brandenburg & other rural districts. Under collectivized agriculture, rural East German women were a strong community force, learned to use agricultural technology, & often pursued higher education. By 1971, 57% were highly skilled employees. By 1988, 90+% held diplomas for skilled agrarian professions, although few were managers. Postunification decollectivization resulted in massive unemployment for these women; 180,000 (compared to 120,000 men) lost their jobs during late 1989-mid 1992, a trend that has continued. Men are often favored for reemployment, & most of the women who would like to start their own farms lack capital. Results of this disruption include poverty, retraditionalization of gender relations, & a decline in women's community status. West German rhetoric about family farms & property rights is not meaningful to most of these women. Some are now calling for policies to promote employment & require equal employment. 25 References. E. Blackwell