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The dualistic structures permeating western culture emphasize radical discontinuity between humans and nonhumans, but receptive attention to nonhuman others discloses both continuity and difference prevailing between other forms of life and our own. Recognizing that agency and subjectivity abound within nature alerts us to our potential for dominating and oppressing nonhuman others, as individuals and as groups. Reciprocally, seeing ourselves as biological beings may facilitate reconstructing our social reality to undo such destructive relationships.

Heroic mothers defending home and hearth against a nature deformed by multinationalist corporate practice: this may be a compelling story, but it is not necessarily the source of valid feminist or ecological critique. What's missing is the democratic element, an insistence on bringing to public debate all the relations of gender and nature that such a view takes for granted. This book aims to situate a commitment to theory and politics -- that is, to democratic practice -- at the center of ecofeminism and, thus, to move toward an ecofeminism that is truly both feminist and ecological. The Good-Natured Feminist inaugurates a sustained conversation between ecofeminism and recent writings in feminist postmodernism and radical democracy. Starting with the assumption that ecofeminism is a body of democratic theory, the book tells how the movement originated in debates about "nature" in North American radical feminisms, how it then became entangled with identity politics, and how it now seeks to include nature in democratic conversation and, especially, to politicize relations between gender and nature in both theoretical and activist milieus

The Sea of Galilee and the Jordan River figure prominently in scripture. The ecosystem of this area has been damaged as a result of technology thoughtlessly applied in the context of anthropocentrism. A contrasting relational approach toward the natural world is offered by ecofeminism, which speaks for those whose voices, both human and nonhuman, have been ignored or negated. This article discusses the environmental history of the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River, and the adjacent wetlands and forests. It applies an ecofeminist hermeneutic to Mark 4:35-41, the story of Jesus's calming the Wind and the Sea, as a religious rationale for the ethical use of science and technology.

1. The ecofeminist project -- 2. Feminist ethics and the value or nature -- 3. So as to flourish : the goals of ecological feminism -- 4. Selves, systems and chaos -- 5. Not so static after all : ecological feminism and anti-essentialist criticism -- 6. Activism that is not one.

"... an important contribution to environmental philosophy.... includes provocative discussions of institutional and systemic violence, indigenous resistance to 'development,' the land ethic, deep ecology, ecofeminism, women's ecological knowledge, Jeffersonian agrarian republicanism, Berry's ideas about 'principled engagement in community,' wilderness advocacy, and the need for an attachment to place." -- Choice"[T]his is a very important book, raising serious questions for development theorists and envi

A review essay of books by (1) Jill Steans, Gender and International Relations: An Introduction (Cambridge: Polity, 1998); (2) Marysia Zalewski & Jane Parpart (Eds), The 'Man' Question in International Relations (Boulder, CO & Oxford: Westview Press, 1998); (3) Nickie Charles & Helen Hintjens, Gender, Ethnicity and Political Ideologies (London & New York: Routledge, 1998); (4) Isabella Bakker, Rethinking Restructuring: Gender and Change in Canada (Toronto, Buffalo, NY, & London: U Toronto Press, 1996); (5) Ariel Salleh, Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx and the Postmodern (London & New York: Zed Books, 1997); & (6) Victor Jeleniewski Seidler, Man Enough: Embodying Masculinities (London, Thousand Oaks, CA, & New Delhi: Sage, 1997). These six books all treat gender methodologically in the manner of the "third debate." Steans's introductory text uses feminist theory to relate gender to the state, war, & security, & gestures toward the role of men & masculinities in international relations (IR). Contributors to the Zalewski/Parpart edited volume tackle this subject head-on; notable chapters consider IR as itself a producer of multiple masculinities & "gays in the military" as indicative of a defining gender & sexuality. The Charles/Hintjen edited volume considers women in relation to founding narratives of nationhood & conceptualizations of identity & difference among citizens, & Bakker's edited volume considers women as objects & subjects of economic change in contemporary Canada. Contributions to both books are easily "grossed up" from national to international politics. The Salleh & Speidler monographs are manifestos for a sexual politics against hegemonic masculinities, the former theorizing a materialist ecofeminism based in female subsistence labor, & the latter advocating men's groups to link invigorating feelings to politics. Adapted from the source document.

The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movements : a summary -- The deep ecology platform -- The glass is on the table : the empiricist versus total view -- Ayer on metaphysics : a critical commentary by a kind of metaphysician -- A reply to Arne N(c)Œss -- Arne N(c)Œss, a philosopher and a mystic : a commentary on the dialogue between Alfred Ayer and Arne N(c)Œss -- Remarks on Interpretation and preciseness -- Paul Feyerabend : a green hero? -- Comment : N(c)Œss and Feyerabend on science -- Reply to Bill Devall -- Spinoza's environmental ethics -- Environmental ethics and Spinoza's ethics : comments on Genevieve Lloyd's article -- Comment : Lloyd and N(c)Œss on Spinoza as ecophilosopher -- A critique of anti-anthropocentric biocentrism -- A defense of the deep ecology movement -- Against biospherical egalitarianism -- An answer to William C. French : ranking, yes, but the inherent value is the same -- Comment : on N(c)Œss versus French -- Deep ecology : a new philosophy of our time? -- Intuition, intrinsic value, and deep ecology -- On guiding stars of deep ecology -- Comment : pluralism and deep ecology -- Man apart : an alternative to the self-realization approach -- "Man apart" and deep ecology : a reply to Reed -- Comment : self-realization or man apart? The Reed-N(c)Œss debate -- Deep ecology and its critics Kirkpatrick Sale -- A European looks at North American branches of the deep ecology movement -- Letter to the editor of Zeta magazine, 1988 -- Letter to Dave Foreman, 23 June 1988 -- Comment : human population reduction and wild habitat protection -- Class, race, and gender discourse in the ecofeminism/deep ecology debate -- Ecofeminist philosophy and deep ecology -- The ecofeminism versus deep ecology debate -- The ecofeminism-deep ecology dialogue : a short commentary on the exchange between Karen Warren and Arne N(c)Œss -- Social ecology versus deep ecology : a challenge for the ecology movement -- Note concerning Murray Bookchin's article "Social ecology versus deep ecology" -- Unanswered letter to Murray Bookchin, 1988 -- To the editor of Synthesis -- Comment : deep ecology and social ecology -- Radical American environmentalism and wilderness preservation : a third world critique -- Comments on Guha's "Radical American environmentalism and wilderness preservation : a third world critique" -- Comment : N(c)Œss and Guha -- Philosophy of wolf policies (I) : general principles and preliminary exploration of selected norms -- N(c)Œss's deep ecology approach and environmental policy -- Harold Glasser and the deep ecology approach (DEA) -- Convergence corroborated : a comment on Arne N(c)Œss on wolf policies -- Value in nature : intrinsic or inherent? -- Response to Jon Wetlesen -- Platforms, nature, and obligational values --Platforms, nature, and obligational values : a response to Per Ariansen -- From skepticism to dogmatism and back : remarks on the history of deep ecology -- Response to Peder Anker -- Arne N(c)Œss and the Norwegian nature tradition -- Is the deep ecology vision a green vision or is it multicoloured like the rainbow? An answer to Nina Witoszek -- Radical American environmentalism revisited

Perspectives on green political thought distinguish between anthropocentrism and environmentalism on one hand, and ecocentrism and ecology on the other. Green theorists argue for a difference in kind between the two domains, whereas survey researchers identify a difference in degree, as they carefully extend environmental scales to incrementally include ecological items. Eckersley's (1992) theory of green political thought identifies resource conservation, human welfare ecology, preservationism, and animal liberation as subtypes of anthropocentrism; and it identifies transpersonal ecology, autopoietic intrinsic value, and ecofeminism as subtypes of ecocentrism. The empirical results of testing Eckersley's framework indicate that the subtypes cannot be coherently subsumed under a general green dimension but that anthropocentrism and ecocentrism, to a large degree, are independent of one another. Young age and high education are inversely related to ecocentrism. This contradicts previous research on environmental concern.