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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Scientific and Methodological Basis of the Ecological Tourism Development -- 1.1 Essence and Content of Ecological Tourism -- 1.2 Role of Ecological Tourism in the Tourist System -- 1.3 Pre-conditions for the Emergence of Ecotourism and Its Evolution -- 1.4 Factors for the Development of Ecological Tourism -- 1.5 Models of Organization on Ecological Tourism Development in the World Practice -- References -- 2 The Natural and Recreational Potential of Kazakhstan for the Ecological Tourism Development -- 2.1 General Characteristics of the Natural and Recreational Resources -- 2.2 Regional Features of Kazakhstan's the Natural and Recreational Resources -- 2.3 Protected the Natural Areas. National Parks, Reserves and Reservations -- References -- 3 Social and Economic Tourism Potential of Kazakhstan -- 3.1 Socio-economic Recreational Resources -- 3.2 Ecological and Tourist Infrastructure -- References -- 4 Potential Geoparks of Kazakhstan -- 4.1 Unique Relief Shapes -- 4.2 Mineral and Thermal Waters and Healing Mud -- 4.3 Areas of Relict Vegetation -- 4.4 Future Expectations of Geoparks Development in Kazakhstan -- References -- 5 Evaluation of Tourist-Resource Potential on Ecological Tourism at the Scale of Kazakhstan Regions -- 5.1 Tourist and Recreational Potential of West Kazakhstan -- 5.2 Tourist and Recreational Potential of North Kazakhstan -- 5.3 Tourist and Recreational Potential of Central Kazakhstan -- 5.4 Tourist and Recreational Potential of East Kazakhstan -- 5.5 Tourist and Recreational Potential of Turkestan Region -- 5.6 Comprehensive Tourism and Recreation Potential of the Republic Kazakhstan -- References -- 6 Current State and Prospects for the Ecological Tourism Development of Kazakhstan -- 6.1 Analysis of the Ecological Tourism Current State in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The article is devoted to problems of development of ecological tourism in especially protected natural territories and areas of the cultivated landscape. Summarized foreign experience in the organization of ecological tourism. The possibilities of management of ecological tourism in the special economic zones of tourist-recreational type of tourism clusters. The necessity to promote Russian sphere of eco-tourism for domestic and foreign consumers, the increased attention to the promotion of ecotourism product. The study used comparative and cross-cultural analysis, materials sampling, expert assessment. The results can find application in the clarification of strategy of development of ecological tourism in Russia as a whole and in its separate regions, the rationale for targeted programs, special economic zones and clusters.

A atividade turística no Brasil tem alcançado grande expansão, principalmente o segmento do turismo ecológico. Este artigo foi elaborado a partir das reflexões de Dias, em sua obra Educação Ambiental; princípios e práticas, e de Ruschman, em Turismo no Brasil; análise e tendências. Através dessas análises bibliográficas, foi possível observar a importância de se promover a educação ambiental, tanto no sentido formal quanto informal, e também de se relacionar a produção do conhecimento com a atividade turística empresarial. Trata-se, portanto, de uma reflexão sobre a valorização e utilização da ciência e do conhecimento como instrumento de orientação para se estabelecer as bases do desenvolvimento sustentável, que deve envolver diversas dimensões, tais como a econômica, a social, a cultural e a ambiental.

The article summarizes the theoretical and methodological knowledge about ecotourism as one of the viable types of tourism in the postmodern era, clarifies the patterns of its formation and development, a variety of approaches to its interpretation, interaction with other types of tourism, features of motivation and management in ecotourism. On the basis of the generalized data a number of perspective educational conditions is modeled: the orientation of the maintenance of pedagogical education on formation of steady positive motivation; updating the content of professional training; availability of educational and methodical support; interrelation of competence, system and personal-activity approaches. Diagnostic methods relevant for postmodern education are selected: methods of diagnosing students' learning motivation; methods of diagnosis of value orientations in career; tests to determine the levels of formation of the components of professional competence. It is proved that the professional training of teachers who are able to use ecological tourism in their professional activities at a high level is one of the important conditions for increasing the interest of children and young people in physical education, tourism and sports, ensuring the necessary physical activity, developing, maintaining and strengthening their health, adaptation to the flexible postmodern society.

The article addresses the issue of the lack of a single terminology used in the field of ecotourism, offers clarifications in existing concepts and provides a new definition of ecotourism. The emergence of ecotourism occurred as a result of increasing self-awareness and understanding of the global problems of mankind by the broad masses, who are now in favor of ecologization of various spheres of life. New trends to independent travel appeared on the tourist market, the range of the offered recreational and tourist services has expanded. The article proposes a classification of types of tourism, taking into account the criterion of tourist destination, where, depending on the purpose of tourist travel, the nature of the tourist area also changes. The intensification of the processes of formation of a system of protected areas, including in Ukraine, which are the basis for the development of ecotourism, was noted. According to environmental legislation, one of the uses of the territories and objects of the natural reserve fund is their use for tourist and other recreational purposes. Concepts that are closest in content to the term "ecotourism" are considered, such as "soft tourism" and "nature tourism." Natural tourism is a broader concept than "ecotourism", and is not always identical to it. The main conceptual approaches that have prevailed in the study of tourism since the 50s of the last century are analyzed. In the postwar period, the "defensive" concept prevailed, which tended to view tourism uncritically as an economic advantage for most tourist destinations. So, the mass tourism sector emerged. During the 1970s, the "defensive" concept faced a "precautionary" concept that viewed mass tourism in a more critical light due to its negative consequences. The next logical step in this evolution was the emergence 1980s of the "adaptation" concept, which introduced the concept of "alternative tourism" as a qualitative alternative to mass tourism. Ecotourism falls under alternative tourism. Mass tourism is in ...

[EN] The Saler's Devesa is a case of a failed tourist project to urbanize a historical protected forest inside the metropolitan area of València in Spain. In the 1970s, the government started actions to urbanize this area. In fact, all the public works and some buildings were built. However, in the 1980s the new democratic government decided to rewild the area and "deconstruct" the urban development works that had already been built. The case allows knowing the process of rewilding and the difficulties to do it. On the other hand, currently in developed countries, metropolitan areas simultaneously present a stabilized population and a great surface extension. In this situation, the sustainability of these urban areas has focused on managing the city already consolidated by renovation or regeneration processes and rewilding open spaces, developing green infrastructures. Because of this, we focused our attention on researching one of the few cases that exists on rewilding urban areas. The green infrastructure concept has been used in the case of La Devesa to maintain and increase ecosystem services. In addition,these actions allow promotion of ecological tourism inside the area. The research question is "What should be the idea of society's progress when touristic urban development growth is no longer possible or desirable?" The article analyses the historical process of rewilding and rethinking the idea of progress in the current situation. ; Miralles García, JL.; Martínez Llorens, F. (2020). Rewilding urban areas to maintain ecosystem services and ecological tourism: the case of Saler's Devesa, València, Spain. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (Online). 248:177-189. https://doi.org/10.2495/ST200151 ; S ; 177 ; 189 ; 248

Socialising tourism : reimagining tourism's purpose / Freya Higgins-Desbiolles, Adam Doering and Bobbie Chew Bigby -- 'Wominjeka'/'Haere Mai' : the role of indigenous ceremony in socialising tourism / Andrew Peters and Simon Lambert -- Toxic tourism at Tar Creek : the potential for environmental justice and tribal sovereignty through indigenous-led tourism / Bobbie Chew Bigby and Rebecca Jim -- A theory of care to socialise tourism / Sandro Carnicella and Karla Boluk -- Local participation as tourists : understanding the constraints to community involvement in Tanzanian tourism / Kokel Melubo and Adam Doering -- Tourism, covid-19 and crisis : the case for a radical turn / Raoul V. Bianchi -- The Dylann Roof road trip : a report on the banality of evil / Rasul A. Mowatt -- Dismantling the ivory tower : a narrative ethnography between two critical scholars / Alana Dillette and Stefanie Benjamin -- DeTouring the empire : unsettling sites and sights of U.S. militarism and settler colonialism in Hawaiʻi / Kayle Kajihiro -- Public tourism : new forms of tourism after the great East Japan earthquake / Shinji Yamashita -- In search of light : ecohumanities, tourism and Fukushima's post-disaster resurgence / Adam Doering and Kumi Kata -- Socialising animal-based tourism / Carol Kline -- Buen vivir : a guide for socialising the tourism commons in a post-covid-19 / Natasha Chassagne and Phoebe Everingham -- Socialisation at scale : post-capitalist tourism in a post-COVID-19 world / Robert Fletcher, Asunción Blanco-Romero, Macià Blázquez-Salom, Ernest Cañada, Ivan Murry Mas and Filka Sekulova -- Socialising tourism as an avenue for critical thought and justice : ways forward / Adam Doering, Bobbie Chew Bigby and Freya Higgins-Desbiolles.

The development of tourism causes negative impacts on the environment. It is in this context, through the Ecological Footprint (EF) method that this study aimed to characterize the impacts of ecotourism on the community of Mateiros, Jalapão, Brazil. The EF, which consisted in its original a method to construct a land use matrix, considering some major categories of human consumption such as food, housing, transportation, consumer goods and services, and six other categories from the main land use which are divided into the topics: land use, degraded environment, gardens, fertile land, pasture and forests protected by the government. The main objective of this index is to calculate the land area required for the production and maintenance of goods and services consumed by a community. The field research was conducted throughout the year of 2014 until July 2015. After the calculations of each category, these components were added according to the presented method in order to determine the annual EF of the tourism sector in Mateiros. The results show that the EF resulting from tourism in Mateiros is 2,194.22 hectares of land required for tourism activities in the region. The EF of tourism was considered high, nevertheless, if it is added the total of hectares needed annually for tourism activities, the result found would be 2,194.22 hectares needed to absorb the CO2 emissions generated in the region directly from the tourism sector.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of trails and routes from a tourism and recreation perspective. This cutting-edge volume addresses conceptual and management issues systematically, examining supply, demand, development and impacts associated with trails and routes.