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THE ARTICLE ATTEMPTS AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND EXPLANATION OF THE INCREASINGLY CRITICAL PROBLEMS OF UNEMPLOYMENT, PARTICULARLY IN MODERN CAPITALIST SOCIETIES. THE 'DEFICIENTDEMAND' HYPOTHESIS IS EXPLORED AND THE COSTS OF BOTH LABOR (HIGHER WAGES TO MATCH INFLATION, ETC) & UNEMPLOYMENT (WITH INCREASED BENEFITS, ETC) ARE DISCUSSED. THE AUTHOR PROPOSES A POLICY PROGRAM FOR DECREASING UNEMPLOYMENT.

The forces determining the share of nat'l income available to the aged, & the way in which that share is distributed among diff groups within the aged, are examined. Most of the evidence relates to GB & the US. It is argued that the inability to work, which results in the econ dependency of old age, should be viewed as a socially determined problem. The main sources of support for the aged in industrialized countries are reviewed & it is concluded that, despite increases in real income, & instit'al developments such as the growth of employers' private pension schemes, provision by the state remains all important. The danger of viewing the retired as a homogeneous group with similar econ problems is emphasized, both because of the general inequality of distribution of resources among them, & because of the special econ problems of single & widowed women. Finally, it is argued that no very sophisticated standards of poverty are required to describe large numbers of the old as poor in both GB & US today. AA.

Includes 12 economic principles for disarmament and description of research projects underway. Includes a case study of military to civilian conversion in Russia.

The aim of this thesis is to address certain aspects of climate change which have not attracted sufficient attention. The first part is an empirical one investigating impacts of climate change on households and individuals using the hedonic price approach (for Great Britain and Germany). In addition, we examine the relationship between climate and happiness (for 67 countries). The second part of the thesis is an analytical one in the field of emissions permit trading. As progress in the international negotiations is extremely slow and failure is not excluded we first consider the coordination of domestic markets for tradable emission permits where countries determine their own emission reduction targets. Another aspect which has not attracted sufficient attention is the time-dimension of a trading scheme. We analyse the dynamic aspects of allocating emission rights for different approaches in the final chapter