Suchergebnisse

The transport of live, domesticated animals is widespread today and it differs significantly from the transport of material goods. Animal transport is burdened with high risk of generating animal stress and suffering which can lead to animal death. The risk in transport has its sources in several areas e.g. stress reaction during loading, transport conditions, restricted access to feed and water, changing climatic conditions, noise, or finally problems with maintaining a standing position.Therefore it is obvious that there is a need to address and regulate the issue of animal transport by road at the European Union (EU) level which would then standardize solutions in this area. The passed legislation of the past few years has normalized the above issue and has been expanded, but more importantly clarified.Taking the above mentioned conditions into account, insuring appropriate transport conditions for animals is a pertinent task not only for owners of domesticated animals and meat processors, but above all, the relevant authorities of EU member states. This article undertakes an effort to analyze selected legal solutions in the area of animal transport and an assessment thereof. The article ends with conclusionary remarks.

The introduction of the national socio-economic system into the phase of development of post-industrial society puts forward a number of new approaches to its functioning, based primarily on the possibility of introducing creative ideas as the primary source of competitiveness. The institutional orientation of creative management to address socio-priority socio-economic development goals is worth noting. The transformation of knowledge into science-intensive technologies and products stimulates the rapid growth of labour productivity, reduces its resource consumption, and allows the national economy to reach the competitive level of social production, increase the pace of accumulation of public goods, and refine the motivational principles of activity. The decisive feature of creative management is the direct correlation of the success of creative activity with the democratization of management, taking into account creative potential and the level of professional training, and creating conditions for self-realization. The stimulation of creative development is intended to provide optimal cooperation between performers of different qualifications, with different life settings and psychological peculiarities. The motivation for creative activity is based on the ability of a creative worker to work independently, using his own potential and inspiration, based on a high level of interest. The diversity of organizational factors of creative management is determined by the plurality of socio-technical types of organizations, the complexity and dynamism of their interaction with the external environment, the lack of relevant information. Understanding the uniqueness of creative management requires consideration of mental processes of the head, whose thinking should be absolutely practical and applied. Given the transformational challenges of a globalized society, the issues of ethics of scientific and technical creativity and creative economic development, which are based on the philosophical aspects of responsibility, become an inalienable priority of creative management. The ethics of creative management is differentiated on the basis of the orientation towards the internal (in relation to the customer of the creative project, the leaders, members of the creative interaction) and external, which evaluates the social consequences of the results of creative activity (including the price of errors or unwanted technological, environmental and legal effects) for society as a whole. ; Досліджено соціальні аспекти креативного менеджменту з позицій платформи соціально-економічної парадигми національної економіки та побудови соціально орієнтованого суспільства, заснованого на знаннях. Зазначено, що креативний менеджмент є багатокомпонентним управлінським впливом, пов'язаним із процесами генерування і впровадження у соціально-економічний простір нових ідей, заснованих на постійно оновлюваному знанні. Показано, що завданням інституційної підтримки креативного менеджменту є сприяння розвитку високотехнологічних галузей та інтеграція національної економіки у світове науково-інноваційне співтовариство. Креативність керівника проявляється у творчому ставленні до справи, вмінні критично бачити проблему та формулювати нові задачі перед підлеглими. Доведено, що наявність антагоністичних умов вимагає поєднання жорсткості та гнучкості в управлінні, дотримання принципів "обмежувального фактора" для забезпечення конструктивного вирішення проблеми. Зазначено, що в етичному контексті завданням креативного менеджменту стає управління кумулятивним накопиченням технологічних перетворень та постійний моніторинг можливості їх позитивного, негативного (зокрема, і небажані технологічні, екологічні, інформаційно-правові ефекти) чи різновекторного впливу на безперервне оновлення вихідних умов для подальших трансформацій.

The article examines the ecological and economic mechanism for the elimination of accumulated environmental damage (NEU) in the Arctic, the development of recommendations for further improvement of such a mechanism, including programmatic methods. The issues of the state of the environment and environmental safety in the Arctic zone of Russia are considered. The main attention is paid to the formation of a program to eliminate NEU on polluted islands and other territories. The results obtained were included in the development of the Program for the Elimination of Accumulated Environmental Damage on the Polluted Islands of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago, and in the preparation of proposals for the further planning and organization of cleanup work. In general, the cleaning of the islands, carried out in the period 2012-2017, showed high performance. It is necessary to expand this type of work in other contaminated areas located in the Arctic, to develop a special program "Ecological safety of the Arctic zone", to develop scientific research on Arctic topics.

В настоящей статье вниманию читателей предлагается обзор основных экономических и торговых факторов, определявших взаимодействие Советского Союза и Соединенных Штатов Америки в период «непризнания» с 1922 по 1933 гг. Несмотря на отсутствие официальных дипломатических отношений между странами, данный период характеризуется интенсификацией торговых и экономических взаимосвязей.
Подробный и глубокий анализ указанных явлений позволит по-новому взглянуть на одну из самых сложных проблем истории рассматриваемого периода – причины разворота внешнеполитического курса США и признания СССР как субъекта международных отношений и права.

International relations play a vital role in modern politics. They differ from any other relations by several features: spontaneity, lack of a single core of power and the center for making centralized decisions, coverage of all spheres of life of the participants involved in the process and the increasing influence of subjective factors. The scale that embraces international relations differs in «verticals» and «contours». They include global, regional and specific relationships, as well as group and bilateral relations. China and Russia are connected by centuries-old history. Russian-Chinese relations and their dynamic development are of interest to the political science community. At present, they form an important material basis for cooperation in the areas of trade and economy, contributing to the development of the Russian economy. China supports and subsidizes projects that ensure its interests in Russia. Political and economic cooperation between Russia and China is developing actively and is using more and more resources. The more important it becomes to maintain good-neighbor and productive relations. Russian-Chinese relations affect many spheres of life of the two States: scientific, economic, military, cultural, etc.in this light, economic cooperation stands out as one of the main. Russian-Chinese trade and economic cooperation is actively analyzed in the works of many researchers, but there is no consensus on the most important vectors of cooperation and prospects for its development. In this regard, the analysis and structuring of some areas of Russian-Chinese relations, foreign economic relations, opportunities for the development of relations between Russia and China, as well as their transition to a new level are becoming urgent. China is the largest trade partner of Russia and an investor who is interested in promoting some projects implemented in Russia. For this reason, the development of successful and fruitful relations is in the first place among the leaders of the two powers. The need for multidirectional trade and economic relations is also conditioned by geopolitical, cultural and historical factors. ; Международные отношения играют ключевую роль в современной политике. От любых других отношений они отличаются рядом черт: стихийностью, отсутствием единого ядра власти и центра для принятия централизованных решений, охватом всех сфер жизнедеятельности участвующих в процессе участников и возрастающим влиянием субъективных факторов. Масштабы, которые охватывают международные отношения, различаются по «вертикалям» и «горизонталям». В них входят глобальные, региональные и конкретные взаимоотношения, а также групповые и двухсторонние связи. Китай и Россию связывает многовековая история. Российско-китайские отношения и их динамичное развитие представляет интерес для политологического сообщества. В настоящее время они в сферах торговли и экономики составляют важную материальную основу сотрудничества, способствующего развитию экономики России. Китай поддерживает и субсидирует проекты, которые обеспечивают его интересы в России. Политическое и экономическое сотрудничество России и Китая развивается активно и задействует все больше ресурсов. Тем важнее становится поддержание добрососедских и результативных отношений. Российско-китайские отношения затрагивают большое количество сфер жизнедеятельности двух государств: научную, экономическую, военную, культурную и др. В этом свете экономическое сотрудничество выделяется как одно из главных. Российско-китайское торгово-экономическое сотрудничество активно анализируется в работах многих исследователей, но единого мнения о наиболее важных векторах сотрудничества и перспективах его развития нет. В этой связи, анализ и структурирование некоторых направлений российско-китайских отношений, внешнеэкономических связей, возможностей для развития отношений России и Китая, а также их перехода на новый уровень становятся насущными. Китай крупнейший торговый партнер России и инвестор, который заинтересован в продвижении некоторых проектов, реализующихся на территории России. По этой причине вопросы развития успешных и плодотворных отношений стоят на первом месте у руководителей двух держав. Необходимость разнонаправленных торгово-экономических отношений также обусловливается геополитическими и культурно-историческими факторами.

International relations play a vital role in modern politics. They differ from any other relations by several features: spontaneity, lack of a single core of power and the center for making centralized decisions, coverage of all spheres of life of the participants involved in the process and the increasing influence of subjective factors. The scale that embraces international relations differs in «verticals» and «contours». They include global, regional and specific relationships, as well as group and bilateral relations.China and Russia are connected by centuries-old history. Russian-Chinese relations and their dynamic development are of interest to the political science community. At present, they form an important material basis for cooperation in the areas of trade and economy, contributing to the development of the Russian economy.China supports and subsidizes projects that ensure its interests in Russia. Political and economic cooperation between Russia and China is developing actively and is using more and more resources. The more important it becomes to maintain good-neighbor and productive relations. Russian-Chinese relations affect many spheres of life of the two States: scientific, economic, military, cultural, etc.in this light, economic cooperation stands out as one of the main. Russian-Chinese trade and economic cooperation is actively analyzed in the works of many researchers, but there is no consensus on the most important vectors of cooperation and prospects for its development. In this regard, the analysis and structuring of some areas of Russian-Chinese relations, foreign economic relations, opportunities for the development of relations between Russia and China, as well as their transition to a new level are becoming urgent.China is the largest trade partner of Russia and an investor who is interested in promoting some projects implemented in Russia. For this reason, the development of successful and fruitful relations is in the first place among the leaders of the two powers. The need for multidirectional trade and economic relations is also conditioned by geopolitical, cultural and historical factors. ; Международные отношения играют ключевую роль в современной политике. От любых других отношений они отличаются рядом черт: стихийностью, отсутствием единого ядра власти и центра для принятия централизованных решений, охватом всех сфер жизнедеятельности участвующих в процессе участников и возрастающим влиянием субъективных факторов. Масштабы, которые охватывают международные отношения, различаются по «вертикалям» и «горизонталям». В них входят глобальные, региональные и конкретные взаимоотношения, а также групповые и двухсторонние связи. Китай и Россию связывает многовековая история.Российско-китайские отношения и их динамичное развитие представляет интерес для политологического сообщества. В настоящее время они в сферах торговли и экономики составляют важную материальную основу сотрудничества, способствующего развитию экономики России.Китай поддерживает и субсидирует проекты, которые обеспечивают его интересы в России. Политическое и экономическое сотрудничество России и Китая развивается активно и задействует все больше ресурсов. Тем важнее становится поддержание добрососедских и результативных отношений.Российско-китайские отношения затрагивают большое количество сфер жизнедеятельности двух государств: научную, экономическую, военную, культурную и др. В этом свете экономическое сотрудничество выделяется как одно из главных. Российско-китайское торгово-экономическое сотрудничество активно анализируется в работах многих исследователей, но единого мнения о наиболее важных векторах сотрудничества и перспективах его развития нет. В этой связи, анализ и структурирование некоторых направлений российско-китайских отношений, внешнеэкономических связей, возможностей для развития отношений России и Китая, а также их перехода на новый уровень становятся насущными.Китай крупнейший торговый партнер России и инвестор, который заинтересован в продвижении некоторых проектов, реализующихся на территории России. По этой причине вопросы развития успешных и плодотворных отношений стоят на первом месте у руководителей двух держав. Необходимость разнонаправленных торгово-экономических отношений также обусловливается геополитическими и культурно-историческими факторами.

The article highlights the role of international standards in criminal justice. The authors states that international standards are the social tool for correction of penitentiary policy of the state, ease of mechanism of state enforcement (namely in separate detention of some criminals). The implementation of recognized international standards, methods and work conditions of penitentiary organizations plays a great role of the development of this sphere.

This article "Socio-economic Aspects of European Union Migration Policy" is devoted to exploring the features, prerequisites and socio-economic factors that encourage developed EU countries to implement measures to attract third-country migrants. For this purpose, a brief overview of the geography of migration processes that took place in Europe from the time of the formation of the European Union to the time of its full functioning was carried out. Following the final formation of the Union in 1992, basic legal acts were adopted that outlined the general rules and procedures for migration, but each country resolves the main issues related to the economic aspects of migration. In 2015, one of the most important issues that will affect the future development of the EU was raised, namely the demographic crisis that affected almost all countries, and the importance of which began to be discussed at a high political level. Through numerous studies of the population and labor markets, it has emerged that the rate of natural increase of population in Europe is extremely low, and because of the increase in life expectancy of Europeans, the retirement age may exceed the economically active population in the near future, which will put a heavy strain on the pension, tax and social systems. The largest recipients of migrant workers in the EU Poland and Germany have long been aware of the need to respond to the growing demographic crisis and implement appropriate policies. Poland has undertaken a range of measures to minimize bureaucratic and permitting procedures for the employment of foreigners, and has introduced numerous economic incentives and benefits for migrants studying and working in Poland. As a result, millions of migrants support the Polish economy and the competitiveness of Polish businesses in European markets, and the contribution of migrants to GDP growth is highlighted by the country's leading economic institutions. Germany is pursuing a slightly different policy, but the adoption of the new migration law has proved that the country is already suffering from a shortage of manpower. Major forecasts from leading scientific institutions in the labor market indicate that Germany needs 200-400 thousand migrants annually to support economic growth. Although the analysis of the law shows that only skilled workers can obtain a work permit, but the situation may change in the near future, as the policy is prudent and gradually giving access to markets. General scientific methods were used in the article: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, statistical analysis. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу соціально-економічних аспектів міграційної політики країн Європейського Союзу. Розглянуто основні нормативно-правові документи, які регулюють міграційні питання на рівні ЄС, а також здійснено короткий екскурс щодо міграційних процесів, які відбувалися в Європі протягом 1950-х-2008 рр. Визначено основні передумови та потреби в проведенні політики по залученню трудових мігрантів, однією з яких є визнана на рівні ЄС демографічна криза, яка негативно впливатиме на подальший соціально-економічний розвиток Європейського Співтовариства. Здійснено аналіз законодавчих та економіко-організаційних заходів найбільших країн-реципієнтів трудових мігрантів в ЄС – Польщі та Німеччини.

This article "Socio-economic Aspects of European Union Migration Policy" is devoted to exploring the features, prerequisites and socio-economic factors that encourage developed EU countries to implement measures to attract third-country migrants. For this purpose, a brief overview of the geography of migration processes that took place in Europe from the time of the formation of the European Union to the time of its full functioning was carried out. Following the final formation of the Union in 1992, basic legal acts were adopted that outlined the general rules and procedures for migration, but each country resolves the main issues related to the economic aspects of migration. In 2015, one of the most important issues that will affect the future development of the EU was raised, namely the demographic crisis that affected almost all countries, and the importance of which began to be discussed at a high political level. Through numerous studies of the population and labor markets, it has emerged that the rate of natural increase of population in Europe is extremely low, and because of the increase in life expectancy of Europeans, the retirement age may exceed the economically active population in the near future, which will put a heavy strain on the pension, tax and social systems. The largest recipients of migrant workers in the EU Poland and Germany have long been aware of the need to respond to the growing demographic crisis and implement appropriate policies. Poland has undertaken a range of measures to minimize bureaucratic and permitting procedures for the employment of foreigners, and has introduced numerous economic incentives and benefits for migrants studying and working in Poland. As a result, millions of migrants support the Polish economy and the competitiveness of Polish businesses in European markets, and the contribution of migrants to GDP growth is highlighted by the country's leading economic institutions. Germany is pursuing a slightly different policy, but the adoption of the new migration law has proved that the country is already suffering from a shortage of manpower. Major forecasts from leading scientific institutions in the labor market indicate that Germany needs 200-400 thousand migrants annually to support economic growth. Although the analysis of the law shows that only skilled workers can obtain a work permit, but the situation may change in the near future, as the policy is prudent and gradually giving access to markets. General scientific methods were used in the article: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, statistical analysis. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу соціально-економічних аспектів міграційної політики країн Європейського Союзу. Розглянуто основні нормативно-правові документи, які регулюють міграційні питання на рівні ЄС, а також здійснено короткий екскурс щодо міграційних процесів, які відбувалися в Європі протягом 1950-х-2008 рр. Визначено основні передумови та потреби в проведенні політики по залученню трудових мігрантів, однією з яких є визнана на рівні ЄС демографічна криза, яка негативно впливатиме на подальший соціально-економічний розвиток Європейського Співтовариства. Здійснено аналіз законодавчих та економіко-організаційних заходів найбільших країн-реципієнтів трудових мігрантів в ЄС – Польщі та Німеччини.

An article about the directions and priorities of the regional policy of the state to regulate the regional water consumption in the Omsk region. The authors analyze the situation with the water consumption in China, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, as well as alternative ways of solving problems, and the economic impact of the construction of a dam on the river Irtysh.

The Russian Federation has a consistent policy to combat money laundering and corruption. The fight against these negative phenomena requires further improvement of the regulatory, supervisory and monitoring and law enforcement efforts as well as focused activities of the government bodies in the financial and economic sphere through the formulation and joint implementation of special measures in this area.The article uses an integrated approach, system analysis, analysis of research results of a wide range of domestic and foreign works, synthesis of managerial decisions.The paper outlines causes and conditions underlying money laundering and corruption and proposes targeted economic and financial measures to prevent and combat these phenomena. The author points out that specific management and organizational measures based on the proposed approach should be worked out and applied. ; В Российской Федерации проводится последовательная политика по борьбе с легализацией преступных доходов и коррупции. Цель статьи —показать, что эффективное противодействие этим негативным явлениям может быть обеспечено лишь при условии дополнительных мероприятий, осуществляемых в сферах совершенствования нормативно-правовой, контрольно-надзорной, правоохранительной, правоприменительной деятельности, направленной активностью органов государственного управления в финансово-экономической сфере, через формирование специального комплекса мероприятий в этой сфере. В статье используются комплексный подход, методы системного анализа, анализ результатов научных исследований в виде широкого спектра отечественных и зарубежных работ, метод синтеза управленческих решений. В результате исследования сформирован уточненный комплекс причин и условий феноменов легализации и коррупции, предложен комплекс финансово-экономических мер противодействия данным явлениям. В дальнейшем необходимо отрабатывать конкретные управленческие и организационные мероприятия на основе предложенного подхода.

The article is focused on analyzing current state of land use by categories, regional economic and financial data to propose new robust model for economically efficient land use planning for commercial and non-commercial enterprises. The research results can serve as an important material for decision making process on how to develop the land and the City areas in context в new global economic development. It provides extensive overview of existing land use trends for in Kyiv city based on analytical data and scientific assumptions. The Author believe that this research will be beneficial for government, city government, international organizations, private institutions, and researchers. The goal of the research paper is to build a solid scientific model based on general understanding of underlying economic challenges of efficient land use considering past data, short term and in long term planning. The paper has an overview of city planning documentation and city statistical data in context of real estate, urban population, economic data, including research of real estate and currency exchange rate data to median salary in Kyiv starting from 2000s. It is important not to put too much focus on the existing models and systems, as they rely too much on the assumptions and complicated calculations, that are hard to make use of in real world planning. Instead we build our research on real-world data and developed a forecast of the size of investment in land use, average real estate prices for the next 5 years. The paper noted an existing problem of inconsistency of the existing norms and regulations in Ukraine concerning rational and effective land use and planning, especially for local authorities and commercial organizations. The author substantiates why the economy in the context of urbanization needs a new look. The paper uses the planning of the city of Kiev. It is a suitable example of a developing city, so the proposed model can be developed based on the city economical and land use data. This research can help solve the existing problems of urbanization in Ukraine and have a positive impact on the economic development of the city and the region.In present times large urban agglomerations serve as none of the major catalysts of economic trends. Urbanization, as process, plays key role in transformation of the local, regional and world economies. Urbanization should be considered an important factor in the development of the economy of both the city and the state. It dictates the path of development of micro- and macroeconomics of regions, although not directly. And in the context of long-term land use and spatial development, this process can play a significant role. The issues of suburban development, industrialization, post-industrialization, environmental problems and the issues of further existence and development of agricultural regions bordering on urban centers (urban agglomerations) cannot be excluded from the field of view. Alongside with new possibilities that arise from large urban economy, great number of challenges that need to be addressed appear. Besides to the economic related issues, irreversible ecology changes (rise of sea level, forest fires etc.) global pandemics and new technologies, manufacturing process must be included in urbanization research. This requires novel approach to how we view city, build economic models, and make forecasts for future development. In this paper we set initial stage for development of such robust economic model, while using data and statistics of Kyiv city. This city can serve as great test ground for proposed model, as it is relatively new urban center, that is part of the developing country economy.The goal of this research work is to analyze current and past land use patterns, outline existing issues and economical inefficiencies in those patterns in large urban city. In addition, we plan to look at land use from several viewpoints, that of the researcher, governmental institutions, commercial company, personal level. This will enable us to make correct assumptions and help build economical model for future land use development. Research work is based on official statistics data, provided by State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Kyiv city council, Municipal Enterprise "Kyivgenplan", private real estate companies, economists, and Public cadastral map of Ukraine. We used statistical analytics, mathematical correlation, polynomial and linear approximations, Ratio analysis, utility curves, profit curves and growth models. For predictions modeling key economic parameters were identified. This data was used to build linear dependency models of functions and plotted charts, diagrams based on calculations data.Ukraine does not stand aside from the global challenges of time related to globalization and urbanization. These are indicators such as: significant labor migration, outdated land legislation and inefficient use of land resources. Therefore, the author of the study analyzed the social, environmental, and economic factors influencing the development of the economy of individual united territorial communities of Ukraine with emphasis on the Kyiv city. The main reason for focusing research work on this city is general availability of statistical information and economic data from 2000s.In recent history several events have happened that made dramatic effects on Ukraine and Kyiv land use economics situation. Global financial crisis of 2008 has affected real estate price in Ukraine, in addition to Ukraine currency devaluation. In 2014 military conflict, war, in the east part of Ukraine and Russian annexation of Crimea, had it impact on the housing market, as well as further currency devaluation.Current land area of Kyiv is 82,64 thousand hectares with population of 2 967,4 million people. Land use in Kyiv is classified by following types: Residential buildings; Public buildings; Industrial, research and production and utility territories; Transport infrastructure; Green areas; Water resources; Agricultural companies and other. Analysis of the types of buildings in the capital shows that the largest share in the Residential housing are – private houses 3.76 thousand hectares, and high-rise buildings 8.4 thousand hectares. Non-residential real estate - buildings, premises that are not classified in accordance with the law to the housing stock, are divided into the following types: hotel buildings, office buildings, commercial buildings, garages, industrial buildings and warehouses, buildings for public performances, outbuildings and other buildings.To make better predictions and effectively analyze land use data, we will start with real estate data and general social information - such as monthly salary, average numebr of employees per company, followed by currency exchange rate, average office rent prices and average living apartments price in USD. According to official data, the average salary for full-time employees in 2020 was 16,186 UAH. As of 2018 the highest monthly wage was in the mining industry (44,405 UAH) and the lowest in construction (8,311 UAH), and health care (8,406 UAH). The prices in Kyiv suburbs are much lower than in the city, with average cost of sq. m being around 13,500 UAH.Based on the State Statistics Service of Ukraine Kyiv city data the housing stock in Kyiv in 2019 had a total area of 59.1 million m2, and an average of 20.2 m2 per person. The total number of apartments in Kyiv was 991.6 thousand. If we look at the state building codes as of 2019, the minimal the minimum area of a one-room apartment is 28 sq. m. At the same time according to State Statistics Service of Ukraine Kyiv city data in 2019 the average available housing area per single person living in Kyiv was 20,2 sq. m. Let's look at 26600 $ for 28 sq. meters apartment, with average monthly wage of 16,186 UAH, which is 575 $, for an average it will take 46 month to buy an apartment, if there will be no other expenses and salary is tax free. Median flat rent in Kyiv 2020 – 9.4 $ per sq. m., which makes 263.2$ for 28 sq. meters apartment per month or 7401 UAH.Afterwards we conducted study of enterprise operations statistics between 2018 and 2019. The following data was produced as a result - the number of business entities was 294,458 companies, number of full-time employees was 1,149,074 people, the volume of sold products produced by one (average) enterprise was 36,843.35 thousand UAH per year or 3070.2 thousand UAH per month, with the average number of employees in one company being 16 people. Today there are about 500,000 sq. m. of commercial real estate in Kyiv, and according to experts, by the end of 2020 this figure will increase by at least another 150,000 square meters. m.Based on available data we analyzed the average rent price that company need to pay for one month in Kyiv. If one office employee needs at least 6 sq. meters of office space, then the average company that consist of 16 employees will need to rent 96 sq. of office space. Using 2020 data, on average the monthly rent is 2400$ per month, so the company will need to pay 28,800$ per year. The study showed that the average cost of office space as following - 1200$ per sq. m in 2020; 1500$ per sq. m in 2019; 1300$ per sq. m in 2018; 903$ per sq. m in 2017.The author analyzed the dynamics of increasing the number of living apartments by year. In 1995 their number was (in thousands) - 889,4; 2000 – 926,9; 2005 - 984,4; 2010 - 1037,9; 2015 -1112,1; 2018 - 1081,7; 2019 - 991,6. It should be noted that since 2001 the total area is determined taking into account the summer premises with the established reduction factors. Since 2004, the total area of the housing stock and the number of apartments has included data on bankrupt enterprises and those that have completely ceased operations [stat data]. The population of Kyiv, according to official statistics is as following, by year: 1995 – 2643,8 thou. ppl.; 2000 – 2615,3 thou. ppl.; 2005 – 2666,4 thou. ppl.; 2010 – 2785,1 thou. ppl.; 2015 – 2888,0 thou. ppl.; 2018 – 2934,5 thou. ppl.; 2019 – 2950,8 thou. ppl.; 2020 - 2 967,4 thou. ppl. Total income per all officially employed in Kyiv city: 2010 - 5286,46 UAH, 2015 - 6255,92 UAH; 2018 - 13243,96 UAH; 2019 - 17546,89 UAH. The total share of business income and self-employment as compared to total income in Kyiv per year: 2010 – 8%; 2015 – 4,5; 2018 – 6.3%; 2019 – 6.2%.Another trend is the rapid reduction of vacancies in the Kyiv office centers. During the first half of 2019 the growth in demand and the small amount of new supply of office space led to a decrease in the average vacancy rate from 6.5 to 6%, this data was taken from international real estate agency report. In some office buildings the vacancy was in the range of 4-5%. For comparison: in 2016 on average 16% of the areas were vacant in Kyiv business centers, and in 2015 - more than 20% of spaces were vacant. We analyzed which types of industries have formed the highest demand for real estate office rent in Kyiv in recent years to form this trend. The highest percentage is 52% by IT technologies companies; professional services in various fields – 35%; FMCG – 7%; pharmaceutical companies – 3%, energy companies – 2% and agricultural companies – 1%.A new period of urban development requires new theories and qualitatively new research. It is an indisputable fact that urbanization is a process that will continue. Its pace will be determined by the state of the world and regional economy, as well as innovation and the results of the fourth industrial revolution. In our future research, special attention will need to be paid not only to the economic and social components of the urbanization process, but also to environmental factors. Environmental issues are one of the main problems in the process of urbanization. This is due to the rapid development of infrastructure, development of cities and adjacent areas. And as a result - an uncontrolled very rapid increase in population, an increase in the number of personal transport and the development of new enterprises. All these factors negatively affect the quality of life in cities and can reduce the attractiveness of real estate. Therefore, people do not move to such centers, but begin to build others. The proposed Index of economic feasibility of land use by purpose is a result of mathematical modeling of main economic parameters that include land use, such as land price, real estate prices, investments ratios and personal income levels. It will serve as a foundation to build a more robust economic model that will describe conditions needed for future economic growth, efficient land used patterns in urban and sub-urban areas. It should be noted that for making more accurate future predictions, land use patterns and economic data of close (up to 50 km) and distant sub-urban areas (region) should be studied and added to the model. ; У статті автор зосередив увагу на аналізі поточного стану землекористування за видами економічної діяльності підприємств, регіональними економічними та фінансовими даними, щоби запропонувати нову сучасну модель економічно ефективного планування землекористування для комерційних та некомерційних підприємств та установ. Результати досліджень можуть слугувати важливим матеріалом для процесу прийняття рішень про те, як розвивати наявні земельні ділянки та райони міста в контексті нового глобального економічного розвитку. Наведено детальний огляд нинішніх тенденцій землекористування в місті Києві на основі аналітичних даних та наукових гіпотез. Автор статті вважає, що це дослідження буде корисним для урядових організацій, органів місцевого самоврядування, міжнародних організацій, приватних установ та деяких науковців і дослідників.Метою цієї роботи є побудова сучасної наукової моделі, що ґрунтується на загальному розумінні основних економічних проблем ефективного землекористування з урахуванням нинішніх даних, а також короткострокового та довгострокового планування. У статті наведено огляд містобудівної документації та статистичних даних столиці в контексті інформації про нерухомість, міське населення, економічні дані, включно з дослідженнями даних про нерухомість і курс валют до середньостатистичної зарплати в Києві, починаючи з 2000 років. Важливо не надто суттєво зосередитися на нинішніх моделях і системах, оскільки вони занадто покладаються на припущення і складні розрахунки, які важко використовувати в реальному плануванні. Замість цього ми будуємо наші дослідження на реальних даних, тому розробляємо прогноз розміру інвестицій у землекористуванні та середні ціни на нерухомість на найближчі 5 років.У статті відзначено наявну проблему невідповідності сучасних норм і нормативно-правових актів в Україні щодо раціонального та ефективного землекористування та планування, особливо для місцевих органів влади та комерційних організацій. Автор дослідження обґрунтує, чому економіка в умовах урбанізації потребує нового погляду. У статті використовується інформація про планування міста Києва. Київ – вдалий приклад європейського міста, яке інтенсивно розвивається, тому запропоновану модель можна розробити на основі даних міського економічного планування та землекористування. Це дослідження може допомогти вирішити наявні проблеми урбанізації в Україні та позитивно вплинути на економічний розвиток міста та регіону.

The article is dedicated to assessment of tourist and recreational potential of France, analysis of the main causes of tourism demand of this country and other economic aspects of the tourism and recreation industry. It is determined that governance has a positive impact on recreational development of depressed areas of country. This affects the permanent changes and reconstruction of the tourism and recreation industry. It is noted that the national tourism organization Atout France has the leading role. Under conditions of economic and political stability this organization, through public-private partnerships, created a clearly oriented tourism management system.It is characterized that the tourism market in France has feature that are about creation of strategic alliances and diagonal enterprise integration. It is characterized that France's legislative base in the tourism has positive role, which allowed tourism to be accessible to all categories of population and as a result, the tourism and recreation industry has become one of the most important sectors of the French economy. The use of recreational resources is correlated with health improvement, decrease of human sickness rate. The sanitary function recreation system is determined. ; Статья посвящена оценке туристско-рекреационного потенциалаФранции, анализа основных причин туристического спроса страныи другим экономическим аспектам туристско-рекреационной отрасли. Определено положительное влияние государственного управления на планы рекреационного освоения сравнительно депрессивных районов страны, что влияет на перманентные изменения иреконструкцию рекреационно-туристического хозяйства. Характеризуется особенность рынка туризма Франции в создании стратегических альянсов и диагональной интеграции предприятий, позитивная роль законодательной базы Франции в области туризма,которая позволила сделать туризм доступным для всех категорийнаселения, и в результате туристско-рекреационная отрасль сталаодним из важнейших секторов экономики Франции. Использование рекреационных ресурсов связано с укреплением здоровья людей, снижением заболеваемости населения. Определяется оздоровительная функция территориально-рекреационной системы. ; Стаття присвячена оцінці туристично-рекреаційного потенціалу Франції, аналізу основних причин туристичного попиту країни та іншим економічним аспектам туристично-рекреаційної галузі. Визначено позитивний вплив державного управління на плани рекреаційного освоєння порівняно депресивних районів країни, що впливає на перманентні зміни та реконструкцію рекреаційнотуристичного господарства. Характеризується особливість ринку туризму Франції у створенні стратегічних альянсів і діагональної інтеграції підприємств, позитивна роль законодавчої бази Франції у галузі туризму, яка дозволила зробити туризм доступним для всіх категорій населення, і в результаті туристично-рекреаційна галузь стала одним з найважливіших секторів економіки Франції. Використання рекреаційних ресурсів пов'язується із зміцненням здоров'я людей, зниженням захворюваності населення. Визначається оздоровча функція територіально-рекреаційної системи.

Problem statement. Drawing on macroeconomic analysis (2011-2019), the author formulates the key problems in the functioning of retail segment of the national payment system: a) differentiation of regions according to the degree of payment infrastructure development; b) disproportion in the availability of trace elements of the payment infrastructure; c) high cost of acquiring services. The underlying scientific hypothesis is the possibility to overcome the above-mentioned problems by introducing retail payments using QR codes. The study examines economic relations arising in calculations using QR codes in Russia's retail payment system. The methodological base of the study includes theoretical assumptions of banking management, as well as a problem-oriented approach. The study identifies a range of economic problems in the implementation of QR settlements in Russia which include: the need to upgrade mobile banking; banks' lack of interest in promoting QR code settlements due to fears of lower transaction returns; a decrease in citizens' interest in cashless payments caused by a contraction in bank loyalty programs; the inertia of entrepreneurs unwilling to switch from cash-based interaction with customers; the inertia of some customers and their lack of financial literacy; cyber threats; risks of unfair behavior of buyers. The author offers and justifies the ways to overcome them. The findings may help improve state regulation in Russia's financial and banking sector.

In today's world, the decision-making process of urban development in the context of its economic development is implemented by governments, local authorities, international organizations or private bodies, as well as officials, based on a wealth of information, analytical data and scientific assumptions. According to the author, the main challenge in planning and making adjustments to existing documents, such as a city development plan, is the lack of a holistic picture and general theoretical models that could be used by the above institutions and officials in practice. Undoubtedly, in this scientific work we are only making the first step towards building such a model. That is why it is advisable to start by analyzing existing data and accepted models in order to have a clear picture of the situation and to take further steps towards the creation of a common urbanization model, taking into account environmental, industrial and other contemporary challenges, without repeating the mistakes of existing models and systems, and focus on the practical implementation of such a model and direction for the future.The problem of inconsistency of the existing norms and regulations in Ukraine, concerning the rational and effective land use and planning in the long term, is noted. The author places an emphasis why economics in the context of urbanization needs a new look. The author studies as a city planning case, the of the city of Kyiv, as such that it is possible to develop and develop a new approach that will solve the existing problems of urbanization and positively influence the development of the economy of the city and the region.Urbanization is an important factor in the development of the economy of the city and the state, which to some extent does not directly dictate the path of development of the micro- and macroeconomics of the regions. Under this condition's globalization can play a significant role in influencing them. The issues of suburban areas development, industrialization, post-industrialization, environmental problems, and issues of the continued existence and development of agricultural regions bordering urban centers (urban agglomerations) cannot be excluded.Keywords: urbanization, economics, modern city problems, land management, zoning, spatial planning, strategic planning ; Анотація: У сучасному світі процес прийняття рішень про розбудову міста в контексті його економічного розвитку реалізується урядами країн, місцевими органами влади, міжнародними організаціями чи приватними установами, а також посадовими особами, на основі великої кількості інформації, аналітичних даних та наукових припущень. На думку автора, основним викликом при плануванні та внесенні коректив до існуючих документів, наприклад, таких як план розвитку міста, є відсутність цілісної картини та загальних теоретичних моделей, які можна було б використати вищезазначеними інституціями та посадовими особами на практиці. Безперечно, у цій науковій праці ми робимо лише перший крок на шляху до побудови такої моделі. Саме тому, доцільно почати з аналізу існуючих даних і прийнятих моделей, щоб мати чітке уявлення про стан речей та розробити подальші кроки на шляху до створення загальної моделі урбанізації, з врахуванням екологічних, індустріальних та інших сучасних викликів, не повторюючи помилок існуючих моделей та систем, а сфокусуватися на практичному впровадженні такої моделі і напрямку дослідження в майбутньому. Відзначено проблему невідповідності існуючих норм і регламентів в Україні, тих що стосуються раціонального та ефективного землекористування і планування у довгостроковій перспективі. Автор обґрунтовує, чому саме економіка в контексті урбанізації потребує нового погляду. Наводить, як приклад, планування міста Києва, як таке що можна розвивати та розробити новий підхід, який дозволить вирішити існуючі проблеми урбанізації і позитивно вплинути на розвиток економіки міста та регіону. Урбанізація - це важливий фактор розвитку економіки міста та держави у цілому, котрий певною мірою не напряму диктує шлях розвитку мікро- та макроекономіки регіонів, що в умовах глобалізації може відігравати значну роль. Не можна виключати з поля зору і питання розвитку приміських зон, індустріалізацію, пост-індустріалізацію, екологічні проблеми та питання подальшого існування та розвитку сільськогосподарських регіонів, які межують з урбаністичним центрами (міськими агломераціями).Ключові слова: урбанізація, економіка, сучасні проблеми міст, управління земельними ресурсами, зонування, просторове планування, стратегічне планування.