One would hypothesize that the Common Fisheries Policy, as the umbrella framework for fisheries management in the EU would have the greatest impact on fishers' communities across Europe. There are, however, biological, economic, social, and political factors, which vary among fishing communities that can affect how these communities react to changes. This paper explores the links between institutional arrangements and ecological dynamics in two European inshore fisheries socio-ecological systems, using a resilience framework. The Mediterranean small-scale fishers do not seem to have been particularly affected by the Common Fisheries Policy regulations but appear affected by competition with the politically strong recreational fishers and the invasion of the rabbit fish population. The inshore fishers along the East coast of Scotland believe that their interests are not as sufficiently protected as the interests of their offshore counterpart. Decisions and initiatives at global, EU, and sometimes national level, tend to take into account those fisheries sectors which have a national economic importance. A socio-ecological analysis can shift the focus from biological and economic aspects to more sustainable long-term delivery of environmental benefits linked to human wellbeing.
European empires had two key economic aspects: the extraction of colonial wealth by colonizers, and the relevance of trade for the colonial economies. I build a simple model of decolonization that puts these two elements at centre stage. By controlling policy in the colony, the mother country can appropriate part of her wealth; the colony, however, can stage a successful revolution at a stochastic cost. I incorporate this mechanism in a three-country, two-good trade model where countries (the mother country, the colony and a third independent country) can decide whether to trade with each other, and revolution is expected to generate trade frictions between the mother country and the rebel colony. Thus, the attractiveness of revolution and the sustainability of empire come to depend on the capacity of the rebel colony to access international markets, which, in turn, depends on the economic fundamentals that shape the pattern of trade as well as the optimal trade policy of the third country. I present detailed historical evidence showing how to use this model to put a few important cases of decolonization in global perspective. My results have important implications for the debate on the economic legacy of colonial empires.
We propose a positive formal framework for analyzing sovereign bail-outs in the context of the European Monetary Union (EMU) with a view to making policy recommendations regarding improvements to the EMU institutional architecture. We build our analysis on a political economic game-theoretic model that allows tracing analytically the dynamics of the political process as well as the conditions and parameters on which the scope and limits of the bail-outs depend. In doing so, we formally take account of the negative externality' problem that has been central to policy debates related to the EMU's institutional design and has played an important role in the recent crisis. Contrary to the existing literature, we do not only focus on the economic aspects of such a negative externality, but also look at where they emanate from and interact with the dynamics of the political formation within the EMU. The analysis suggests that, under the present political-economic set-up of the EMU, the bail-outs were inevitable, i.e. a threat of default by one member must, under identifiable conditions, result in sharing the costs of fiscal adjustment by the rest of the members.
International audience ; Forest science and policy have experienced significant changes under the pressure of global change. Assuming that scientific publications mirror contemporary issues, our objective was to verify whether titles of articles show a temporal trend, and whether it coincides with the new agenda set by sustainable forest management. * We used ISI Web of Science to collect articles published 1979-2008 in 6 peer-reviewed forest(ry) journals (n = 20677). We split titles into strings and processed them to increase the homogeneity of our sample. We applied principal components analysis (PCA) as an indirect gradient analysis. We also searched titles for words related to the social, political and economic components of forestry. * The PCA ordination revealed a dominant and distinct time gradient in the use of title words in our corpus. A few words have disappeared, but those with a positive trend clearly dominate, reflecting an opening of forest science towards more process-oriented research, especially in ecology and environmental and climate change. However, socio-economic aspects are still underrepresented. * In our study, titles of forest(ry) publications increasingly include topics from neighboring natural sciences, but still very few from socio-economic disciplines.
Análisis de la influencia de la acción agrícola en la erosión del suelo desde un punto de vista económico. Se aborda por un lado la problemática económica de las externalidades ambientales relativas a procesos erosivos de las tierras agrícolas, analizando sus aspectos legislativos y económicos. Por otro lado se realiza un análisis descriptivo de los efectos endógenos de la erosión en fincas olivareras de dos provincias andaluzas, Jaén y Granada, con el objetivo de identificar los factores que contribuyen a la adopción de PCS, desarrollando para ello un detallado proceso de encuestación entre las explotaciones más afectadas por el fenómeno de la erosión del suelo. ; Economic analysis of the agricultural action influence on the soil erosion. There is approached on the one hand the economic problematics of the environment relative to erosive processes of the agricultural lands, analyzing legislative and economic aspects. On the other hand there is a descriptive analysis of the endogenous effects of the erosion in olive estates of two Andalusian provinces, Jaen and Granada, with the aim to identify the factors that they contribute to the adoption of PCS, developing for it a detailed process of surveys among the estates most affected by the soil erosion.
Análisis de la influencia de la acción agrícola en la erosión del suelo desde un punto de vista económico. Se aborda por un lado la problemática económica de las externalidades ambientales relativas a procesos erosivos de las tierras agrícolas, analizando sus aspectos legislativos y económicos. Por otro lado se realiza un análisis descriptivo de los efectos endógenos de la erosión en fincas olivareras de dos provincias andaluzas, Jaén y Granada, con el objetivo de identificar los factores que contribuyen a la adopción de PCS, desarrollando para ello un detallado proceso de encuestación entre las explotaciones más afectadas por el fenómeno de la erosión del suelo. ; Economic analysis of the agricultural action influence on the soil erosion. There is approached on the one hand the economic problematics of the environment relative to erosive processes of the agricultural lands, analyzing legislative and economic aspects. On the other hand there is a descriptive analysis of the endogenous effects of the erosion in olive estates of two Andalusian provinces, Jaen and Granada, with the aim to identify the factors that they contribute to the adoption of PCS, developing for it a detailed process of surveys among the estates most affected by the soil erosion.
У статті розглядаються перспективи формування Балто-Чорноморського Союзу, як альтернативи ЄС. Аналізуються можливі позитивні і негативні сторони його функціонування. Обґрунтовується доцільність формування даного Союзу виходячи з існуючих реалій, його в плив на економічну і політичну ситуацію країн - потенційних його учасниць. Описуються можливі складнощі, які пов'язані з формуванням Балто-Чорноморського Союзу, а також ставлення самих країн Східної Європи до цього об'єднання. ; The prospects for the formation of the Baltic-Black Sea Union, as the alternative of European Union are considered in this article. The potential positive and negative aspects of its functioning are analyzed. The expediency of the formation of this Union on the basis of existing realities, its impact on the economic and political situation of countries - potential of its participants are substantiated. The possible problems that are associated with the formation of the Baltic-Black Sea Union, as well as the attitude themselves of the Eastern European countries to this association, are described. The prospects for cooperation between the countries within the Baltic-Black Sea Union, such as transport cooperation, energy cooperation, economic cooperation, information and military cooperation are analyzed. The necessity of joining of Ukraine to the Baltic-Black Sea Union is proved.
One of the means of integration of environmental protection requirements into public procurement law is to ensure that economic operators comply with environmental law requirements. An economic operator, who has committed a violation of environmental law before or during the course of public procurement procedure, may be excluded from public procurement, if he does not prove that the measures, that he has implemented, are sufficient to demonstrate his reliability. Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC and respectively – Lithuanian national law has established the requirement for the supplier to not be in breach of environmental, social and labour law as a separate, qualitatively new ground for exclusion in public procurement. This measure, although generally perceived as a restriction of rights of dishonest, unreliable suppliers to participate in public procurement, has also a preventive nature, ensures compliance with environmental law requirements of suppliers who have a general interest of participation in public procurement, deters them from violating environmental obligations, contributes to the enforcement and implementation of environmental law objectives, strengthens the efficiency and effectiveness of environmental law. It is suggested that a wider, more diverse concept of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement procedures for violations of environmental law has to be adopted in national public procurement regulation and practice in order to pursue environmental goals. In Lithuania the integration of environmental aspects into the legal regulation of public procurement results in complexity of procedures, requires specific knowledge and experience of contracting authorities in the field of environmental law. Frequent changes in legal regulation, legal uncertainties and the lack of sufficient judicial practice raises various questions regarding scope, conditions, possibilities and other practical aspects of application of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement due to violation of environmental law. New public procurement regulation highlights the following application and implementation problems: a discretionary status of this exclusion ground, merging of environmental and social requirements, which are assigned different legal value in public procurement, into one exclusion ground, application of restriction to participate in public procurement only to suppliers subject to administrative liability in the field of environmental law, application of this exclusion ground exclusively in the course of public procurement procedures, excluding the contract performance stage. It is submitted that in Lithuania the public procurement regulation has to be amended in order to accommodate to the fullest extent environmental protection requirements and strengthen the implementation of environmental law
One of the means of integration of environmental protection requirements into public procurement law is to ensure that economic operators comply with environmental law requirements. An economic operator, who has committed a violation of environmental law before or during the course of public procurement procedure, may be excluded from public procurement, if he does not prove that the measures, that he has implemented, are sufficient to demonstrate his reliability. Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC and respectively – Lithuanian national law has established the requirement for the supplier to not be in breach of environmental, social and labour law as a separate, qualitatively new ground for exclusion in public procurement. This measure, although generally perceived as a restriction of rights of dishonest, unreliable suppliers to participate in public procurement, has also a preventive nature, ensures compliance with environmental law requirements of suppliers who have a general interest of participation in public procurement, deters them from violating environmental obligations, contributes to the enforcement and implementation of environmental law objectives, strengthens the efficiency and effectiveness of environmental law. It is suggested that a wider, more diverse concept of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement procedures for violations of environmental law has to be adopted in national public procurement regulation and practice in order to pursue environmental goals. In Lithuania the integration of environmental aspects into the legal regulation of public procurement results in complexity of procedures, requires specific knowledge and experience of contracting authorities in the field of environmental law. Frequent changes in legal regulation, legal uncertainties and the lack of sufficient judicial practice raises various questions regarding scope, conditions, possibilities and other practical aspects of application of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement due to violation of environmental law. New public procurement regulation highlights the following application and implementation problems: a discretionary status of this exclusion ground, merging of environmental and social requirements, which are assigned different legal value in public procurement, into one exclusion ground, application of restriction to participate in public procurement only to suppliers subject to administrative liability in the field of environmental law, application of this exclusion ground exclusively in the course of public procurement procedures, excluding the contract performance stage. It is submitted that in Lithuania the public procurement regulation has to be amended in order to accommodate to the fullest extent environmental protection requirements and strengthen the implementation of environmental law
One of the means of integration of environmental protection requirements into public procurement law is to ensure that economic operators comply with environmental law requirements. An economic operator, who has committed a violation of environmental law before or during the course of public procurement procedure, may be excluded from public procurement, if he does not prove that the measures, that he has implemented, are sufficient to demonstrate his reliability. Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC and respectively – Lithuanian national law has established the requirement for the supplier to not be in breach of environmental, social and labour law as a separate, qualitatively new ground for exclusion in public procurement. This measure, although generally perceived as a restriction of rights of dishonest, unreliable suppliers to participate in public procurement, has also a preventive nature, ensures compliance with environmental law requirements of suppliers who have a general interest of participation in public procurement, deters them from violating environmental obligations, contributes to the enforcement and implementation of environmental law objectives, strengthens the efficiency and effectiveness of environmental law. It is suggested that a wider, more diverse concept of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement procedures for violations of environmental law has to be adopted in national public procurement regulation and practice in order to pursue environmental goals. In Lithuania the integration of environmental aspects into the legal regulation of public procurement results in complexity of procedures, requires specific knowledge and experience of contracting authorities in the field of environmental law. Frequent changes in legal regulation, legal uncertainties and the lack of sufficient judicial practice raises various questions regarding scope, conditions, possibilities and other practical aspects of application of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement due to violation of environmental law. New public procurement regulation highlights the following application and implementation problems: a discretionary status of this exclusion ground, merging of environmental and social requirements, which are assigned different legal value in public procurement, into one exclusion ground, application of restriction to participate in public procurement only to suppliers subject to administrative liability in the field of environmental law, application of this exclusion ground exclusively in the course of public procurement procedures, excluding the contract performance stage. It is submitted that in Lithuania the public procurement regulation has to be amended in order to accommodate to the fullest extent environmental protection requirements and strengthen the implementation of environmental law
One of the means of integration of environmental protection requirements into public procurement law is to ensure that economic operators comply with environmental law requirements. An economic operator, who has committed a violation of environmental law before or during the course of public procurement procedure, may be excluded from public procurement, if he does not prove that the measures, that he has implemented, are sufficient to demonstrate his reliability. Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC and respectively – Lithuanian national law has established the requirement for the supplier to not be in breach of environmental, social and labour law as a separate, qualitatively new ground for exclusion in public procurement. This measure, although generally perceived as a restriction of rights of dishonest, unreliable suppliers to participate in public procurement, has also a preventive nature, ensures compliance with environmental law requirements of suppliers who have a general interest of participation in public procurement, deters them from violating environmental obligations, contributes to the enforcement and implementation of environmental law objectives, strengthens the efficiency and effectiveness of environmental law. It is suggested that a wider, more diverse concept of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement procedures for violations of environmental law has to be adopted in national public procurement regulation and practice in order to pursue environmental goals. In Lithuania the integration of environmental aspects into the legal regulation of public procurement results in complexity of procedures, requires specific knowledge and experience of contracting authorities in the field of environmental law. Frequent changes in legal regulation, legal uncertainties and the lack of sufficient judicial practice raises various questions regarding scope, conditions, possibilities and other practical aspects of application of exclusion of suppliers from public procurement due to violation of environmental law. New public procurement regulation highlights the following application and implementation problems: a discretionary status of this exclusion ground, merging of environmental and social requirements, which are assigned different legal value in public procurement, into one exclusion ground, application of restriction to participate in public procurement only to suppliers subject to administrative liability in the field of environmental law, application of this exclusion ground exclusively in the course of public procurement procedures, excluding the contract performance stage. It is submitted that in Lithuania the public procurement regulation has to be amended in order to accommodate to the fullest extent environmental protection requirements and strengthen the implementation of environmental law
Desde su labor, los agricultores realizan tres funciones básicas: productiva, ambiental y social, y es a través de la Agricultura Familiar (AF), que se evidencian esos roles, los cuales se aglutinan bajo el concepto de «multifuncionalidad» o «nueva ruralidad» de la misma. No obstante lo expresado, nuestro país, Argentina, se caracteriza por la diversidad del territorio, de las actividades productivas y por ende, por la desigualdad social producto de aquellas. De ahí que el ordenamiento territorial se presenta como uno de los instrumentos del desarrollo, en los que el régimen legal nacional y provincial vigente de la AF, y la colonización, posibilitan el acceso a la tierra, no solo con fines productivos, sino también ambientales y sociales para las provincias argentinas que la componen. Como objetivos del presente trabajo, se persigue: - Precisar los alcances del desarrollo territorial y del ordenamiento como instrumento de regulación; - Conceptualizar a la AF; - Destacar el rol de la familia agrícola en cuanto guardián del medio natural; - Informar sobre los medios de acceso a la tierra desde la AF; - Rescatar de las disposiciones de la legislación nacional y provincial en materia de AF, colonización, ordenamiento territorial (si la hubiere), vinculada a la cuestión territorial, y los beneficios otorgados a las familias agrícolas. Por ello se procura, a partir del análisis normológico comparado de la legislación nacional y provincial referida precedentemente, dar cuenta de la situación de las provincias argentinas señaladas en la búsqueda de soluciones para palear las desigualdades regionales, ya que no puede haber desarrollo económico, sin desarrollo ambiental ni social. ; From their work, farmers perform three basic functions: productive, environmental and social, and it is through Family Farming (FF), that these roles are evident which are grouped under the concept of «multifunctionality» or «new rurality» of it. Notwithstanding the above, our country, Argentina, is characterized by the diversity of the territory, the productive activities and therefore, by the social inequality product of those. Hence, the territorial order is presented as one of the instruments of development, in which the current national and provincial legal regime of FF, and colonization, allow access to land, not only for productive purposes, but also environmental and social for the Argentine provinces that compose it. As objectives of the present work, it is pursued: - Specify the scope of territorial development and regulation as an instrument for regulating it; - Conceptualize the FF; - Highlight the role of the agricultural family as guardian of the natural environment; - Inform about the means of access to land from the FF; - Rescue of the provisions of national and provincial legislation on FF, colonization, territorial order (if any), linked to the territorial issue, and the benefits granted to agricultural families. Therefore, it is sought, from the comparative normological analysis of the national and provincial legislation referred to above, to give an account of the situation of the Argentine provinces pointed out in the search for solutions to alleviate regional inequalities, since there can be no economic development, without development environmental or social. ; Trabajo publicado en Pastorino, Leonardo Fabio (comp.). Actas del V Congreso Nacional de Derecho Agrario Provincial . Universidad Nacional de La Plata: La Plata, 2019. ; Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
"This innovative work combines a rigorous academic analysis of the political economy of organ supply for transplantation with autobiographical narratives that illuminate the complex experience of being an organ recipient. A Political Economy of Organ Transplantation is of interest to students and academics with an interest in bioethics, sociology of health and illness, medical anthropology, and science and technology studies"--
"This book examines water remunicipalization in Cochabamba since the Water War, offering innovative methodological and theoretical conceptualizations of what it means to be "public," helping to move debates on water services beyond the paralyzing binary of public versus private with a focus on the contested terrain of community engagement around water services. The Cochabamba Water War of 2000 brought together city residents of all stripes to mobilize against water privatization and gain back public control of the city's water utility. This event catapulted anti-privatization movements around the world, but two decades later, the water movement's vision of democratic water provision remains largely unfulfilled and the city suffers from a protracted water crisis. Building a typology of participation, this book explores the difficulty in rebuilding a strong public water service in Cochabamba by analyzing the different, and often incompatible, understandings and interpretations of social control and public participation. Applying this framework to the Bolivian context, and more specifically to the water and sanitation sector in Cochabamba, the book uncovers whose interests are served, and which groups are included or excluded from decision-making and access to water. This exercise illustrates how, in their implementation, participatory practices are not linear and can be distorted or appropriated towards different ends. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water governance, natural resource management, public policy, social movements and Latin American studies"--
