Suchergebnisse

Import and export activities have contributed greatly to the development of the Lao People\'s Democratic Republic over the last years. By means of descriptive statistical analysis, comparison, comtrast, synthesis, and generalization of the data released by the National Statistical Bureau and world's financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Bank (WB), this paper will clarify the successes in the economic developments of Laos, the successes and shortcomings of import and export activities, the impacts of the results of the import and export activities on the country\'s economic growth. Finally, the article will make implications of the country\'s import development policies of the Lao People's Democratic Republic in the years to come. ; Hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu đóng góp rất lớn vào sự phát triển của nước Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Lào trong những năm qua. Bài báo này bằng phương pháp phân tích thống kê mô tả, so sánh, đối chiếu, tổng hợp và khái quát hóa các số liệu của Tổng cục Thống kê nước này và của các định chế tài chính thể giới như Quỹ tiền tệ thế giới - IMF hay Ngân hàng thế giới WB. Từ đó bài báo đã làm rõ được những thành công trong phát triển kinh tế của Lào, những thành công và yếu kém của hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu, tác động từ kết quả của hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu tới tăng trưởng kinh tế của quốc gia này. Nội dung cuối cùng của bài viết là các hàm ý chính sách phát triển xuất nhập khẩu của nước Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Lào trong những năm tới.

Since 1985, the Chinese government has given high priority to building roads, particularly high-quality roads that connect industrial centers. This report evaluates the contribution roads have made to poverty reduction and economic growth in China over the last two decades. It disaggregates road infrastructure into different classes to account for differences in their quality, and then estimates the impact of road investments on overall economic growth, agricultural growth, urban growth, urban poverty reduction, and rural poverty reduction. The report makes the case for a greater focus on low-quality and rural roads in future infrastructure investment strategies in China. It does so by showing how investing in low-quality and rural roads will generate larger marginal returns, raise more people out of poverty per yuan invested, and reduce regional development disparity more sharply than investing in high-quality roads. The study's findings will have considerable implications for China's infrastructure policy. -- Authors' Abstract" ; PR ; IFPRI1; GRP3; GRP32; Theme 9; Public Policy and Investment ; DSGD

Ho Wing-Kee. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-66). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgement --- p.iii ; Table of Content --- p.v ; List of Table --- p.vi ; List of Appendices --- p.vii ; Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.5 ; Chapter Chapter 3. --- Theoretical Framework --- p.8 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Regime 1 ( Social Planner Model) --- p.10 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Regime 2 ( Provision of Indivisible Public Capital by the Government Model ) --- p.14 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Regime 3 ( Provision of Indivisible Public Capital by the Public Monopoly Model) --- p.19 ; Chapter Chapter 4. --- Quantitative Comparison --- p.27 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Calibration --- p.27 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Numerical Results --- p.29 ; Chapter Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.31 ; Appendices --- p.42 ; References --- p.60

Chow Kin On. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-110). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgements --- p.iii ; Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Contribution --- p.3 ; Chapter Chapter Two --- Overview China's Administration System --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Development of China's System of Administrative Jurisdictions --- p.6 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Administration System of Zhejiang --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Administration System of Fujian --- p.19 ; Chapter Chapter Three --- Literature Review --- p.23 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Advantages and Disadvantages of Province- Administering-County (PAC) System --- p.23 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Literature on Prefecture-Level-City-Administering-County (CAC) System --- p.26 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Literature on Economic Growth --- p.30 ; Chapter Chapter Four --- Methodology --- p.34 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Growth Regression Model and Approaches --- p.34 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Explanatory Variables --- p.39 ; Chapter Chapter Five --- Estimation Results --- p.47 ; Chapter 5.1 --- Estimation Results --- p.47 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Summary and Interpretation of Estimation Results --- p.53 ; Chapter Chapter Six --- Policy Implications and Conclusion --- p.58 ; Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of Major Findings --- p.58 ; Chapter 6.2 --- Policy Implications --- p.59 ; Chapter 6.3 --- Limitation and Possible Extensions --- p.63 ; Appendix --- p.65 ; Reference --- p.106

在本論文中我們使用複雜系統研究方法,分析增長、分配和相關的基本社會經濟問題,經濟系統在本文中被視為包含巨大自由度的複雜系統。 ; 我們首先提出了一個無代表性經濟行為人的非同質的Poisson 創新增長模型以證明長期可持續的經濟增長的最終引擎來自於變異型的創新(非研發型),此機制是和持續增長的社會無序度一致的唯一機制。我們也討論了創新的異質特性。我們並且證明了各個部門的生產率分佈並非退化為單一的社會平均生產率,而是服從Maxwell‐Boltzmann 分佈,這一結果表明總需求對總產出存在真實的重要作用。我們隨後從複雜系統角度研究了經濟分配的問題。我們證明在封閉系統中,即使在很弱的假設前提下,收入或財富的分配不可避免得向兩極化的方向演化。隨後我們使用連續時間的Simon‐Yule 過程分析開放系統的經濟分配問題,此開放系統以新部門的不斷產生和遞減的代際影響力為特徵。我們證明了在此開放系統排除了分配兩極化的可能,代際類型穩定性必然在一定階段崩潰。 ; 隨後我們研究了路徑依賴、無限方差和雙參數Poisson‐Dirichlet 過程。我們發現主流的新古典宏觀經濟學的建模方法在此框架內無穩固的數學基礎。 ; 我們從更一般和更哲學的角度分析了一些涉及經濟學研究方法和範式的基本問題。我們主張複雜系統研究方法不僅在包括物理學和生物學的自然科學領域具有啟發性,在經濟、金融和其他社會科學領域裡同樣如此。我們認為,各式經濟系統儘管存在各自的特殊性,但總是沿著從低熵態向高熵態的方向演化,並在社會經濟生活各個領域出現不斷增長和發展的複雜的耗散結構。複雜系統方法的引入有助於對許多經濟謎題提供科學的解釋。除了傳統的經濟研究對象,在同一分析框架內,我們分析了現代企業制度、城市、政治和司法制度以及宗教等相關問題。 ; In the essays we employ the complex system perspective to analyze growth, distribution and related fundamental socioeconomic issues where the economy is viewed as a complex system with large degrees of freedom. ; We first propose a non-homogeneous Poisson innovation growth model with no representative agent to show that the ultimate engine of sustainable economic growth stems from mutation-style innovation (not R & D style), which is the only mechanism consistent with ever-increasing degree of social disorder. Heterogeneous innovation impacts are also investigated. And we show that sectoral productivity distribution in an economic system does not degenerate to the social average productivity level but follows the Maxwell- Boltzmann distribution instead, which in turn implies that aggregate demand has real impacts on total output. ; The economic distribution issue is then investigated from the complex system perspective. We show that in closed economic systems, under weak assumptions, distribution in income or wealth inevitably evolves into polarization. Then we employ the continuous-time Simon-Yule process to analyze distribution in an open economic system with innovation and decreasing intergenerational influence. We show distribution polarization is impossible ...