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This contribution addresses, from a comparative perspective, the topic of inter-ministerial coordination of European policies, adopting a polythetic classification based on a plurality of parameters, including the location of the mechanisms for coordination, as well as the establishment of a specific Ministry for European affairs. The taxonomy is explained through the use of a straight line, on which different points correspond to each "pure" model, while on the segments the author places the real systems adopted throughout the Member States. The article also tests the theories elaborated by political scientists on the evolution of coordination systems, checking their (partial) transposition into legal sources. Recalling the essential results of the stress test that occurred with the economic crisis on the performance of national administrations, with particular reference to their resilience, the text lays the foundations for an assessment of the coordination of European policies in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. ; Il contributo affronta, in prospettiva comparata, il tema del coordinamento interministeriale delle politiche europee, adottando una classificazione politetica basata su una pluralità di parametri, tra cui la collocazione delle sedi di coordinamento e l'istituzione di un Ministero specifico per gli affari europei. La tassonomia viene spiegata attraverso l'utilizzo di una retta, su cui vengono individuati punti corrispondenti a ciascun modello "puro", mentre sui segmenti l'autrice colloca i sistemi reali adottati nei diversi Stati membri. L'articolo testa, inoltre, la tenuta delle teorie politologiche sull'evoluzione dei sistemi di coordinamento, verificando la loro (parziale) trasposizione giuridica. Riprendendo i risultati essenziali dello stress test verificatosi con la crisi economica per la performance delle amministrazioni nazionali, con particolare riferimento alla resilienza delle stesse, il testo pone le basi per una valutazione del coordinamento delle politiche europee nella gestione della crisi della pandemia da COVID-19.

This thesis is a collection of three essays about the economics of coordination. Coordination issues arise when, in presence of multiple equilibria, heterogeneously informed agents need to coordinate with each other towards a Pareto-superior outcome. Electoral outcomes, collective decision-making, currency attacks or polit- ical regime changes examples of coordination problems. The first chapter provides a game theoretic analysis of group decision making, investigating how an agent's communication behavior is affected by different voting systems. I show that in an ideal state where communication is noisy but agents can communicate without opportunity costs, agents will always reach unanimous consensus regardless of which voting system governs the deliberative process. I further show that under the more realistic case in which communication involves opportunity costs, voting systems shape an agent's communication behavior. Specifically, when the opportunity costs of communication are low, a voting system based on unanimity approximates the results of the ideal state. Conversely, when communication involves high opportunity costs, a voting system based on majority is more desirable. The second essay is an experimental test of the predictions developed in the first chapter. The experiment is designed to determine how different voting institutions in uence the process of communication of collective decision bodies when communication can be costly. In contrast with the existing literature, I have found that different voting institutions induce different decision outcomes. In particular, a voting system based on unanimity fosters subjects' communication and information sharing. Once subjects choose to communicate, I also have observed that communication unambiguously improves the quality of the decision outcome across each voting rule. The third and final essay provides a political regime-change interpretation of the organized crime phe- nomenon. Under the assumption that the a criminal organization in a society benefits of the support of individuals, I investigate the strategic interplay between a criminal organization and a large number of citizens who might be more inclined to support the criminal organization rather than reporting its illegal activities to the legal authority. Borrowing from the economic literature on coordination and regime change, I model a criminal organization as an autocratic regime and claim that illegal activities are used in order to raise citizens support.

This essay examines the political destiny and function in government of the civic institutions and élites of formerly independent urban polities once they had settled into the new political context of the Italian regional states in the fifteenth century. Research conducted from the 1970s onwards has established the greater weakness of Padua's municipal institutions and élite in relation to Venice, as compared to the experience of many other cities of the Terraferma dominion. The essay focuses on the profile of issues connected with land in the Paduan civic council's activity in the later fifteenth century, also seeking to gauge the extent of its autonomy in policy-making and its perception of its role, especially in relation to the action of Venetian authority. The archival material used concerns both the activity of the Paduan council and the more general conduct of government in Venice and Padua.

Negli ultimi anni le istituzioni e la regolamentazione hanno svolto un ruolo sempre più importante nell'analisi della crescita economica. Tuttavia, non è facile interpretare le istituzioni e gli effetti dei regolamenti sulla crescita attraverso indicatori che tendono a "misurare" le istituzioni. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è analizzare la relazione di lungo periodo tra la crescita economica e la regolamentazione e il ruolo della regolamentazione antitrust sulla crescita economica. La stima econometrica dei modelli di crescita con la concorrenza e gli indicatori di potere di mercato si base su un dataset appositamente costruito che copre 211 Paesi, su un arco temporale massimo di 50 anni (da 1960 a 2009). In particolare, cerchiamo di identificare un quadro analitico volto a integrare l'analisi istituzionale ed economica al fine di valutare il ruolo della regolamentazione e, più in generale, il ruolo delle istituzioni nella crescita economica. Dopo una revisione della letteratura teorica ed empirica sulla crescita e le istituzioni, vi presentiamo l'analisi dell'impatto normativo (RIA) in materia di concorrenza, e analizziamo le principali misure di regolamentazione, la governance e le misure antitrust. Per rispondere alla nostra domanda di ricerca si stimano modelli di crescita prendendo in considerazione tre diverse misure di regolamentazione: la Regulation Impact (RI), la Governance (GOV), e la libertà economica (LIB). Nel modello a effetti fissi, RI, gli effetti della legislazione antitrust sulla crescita economica sono significativi e positivi, e gli effetti di durata antitrust sono significativi, ma negativi. Nel pannel dinamico, GOV, gli effetti dell'indicatore di governance sulla crescita sono notevoli, ma negativo. Nel pannel dinamico, LIB, gli effetti della LIB sono significativi e negativi. ; During last years institutions and regulations have played an increasingly and important role in the growth economic analysis. However, it is not easy to interpret the institutions and regulations effects on growth using indicators which tend to "measure" institutions. The purpose of this research is analyse the long-run relationship between economic growth and regulation, and the role of antitrust regulation on economic growth. Our econometric estimation of growth models with competition and market power indicators based on an expressly conceived dataset including 211 countries, over a maximum period range of 50 years (from 1960 to 2009). In particular, we try to identify an analytical framework aiming to complement the institutional and economic analysis in order to assess the regulation role and more generally, the role of institutions in economic growth. After a theoretical and empirical literature review on growth and institutions, we present the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) on competition, and we analyse the main regulation, governance and antitrust measures. To answer our research question we estimate several growth models considering three regulatory measures: Regulation Impact (RI), Governance (GOV), and Economic Freedom (LIB). In the RI fixed effect model, the effects of antitrust legislation on economic growth are significant and positive, and the effects of antitrust duration are significant but negative. In the GOV dynamic panel, the effects of governance index on growth are significant but negative. In the LIB dynamic panel the effects of LIB are significant and negative.

La partecipazione dei cittadini e delle organizzazioni senza scopo di lucro (associazioni e cooperative) viene da più parti invocata come un obiet-tivo importante per incrementare la qualità della democrazia, nonché l'ef-ficacia, l'appropriatezza e l'efficienza delle politiche pubbliche. La partecipazione, tuttavia, non è mai un aspetto spontaneo, o determinato solo da aspetti tecnici e procedurali. Il capitolo discute le dinamiche partecipative più rilevanti in Lombardia nel campo delle politiche sociali. Per farlo si appoggia ai concetti classici della scienza politica e della sociologia politica delle politiche pubbliche, con un'attenzione particolare alle relazioni fra gli attori e ai momenti conflittuali che producono apprendimento e cambiamento nei partner in interazione. In un primo paragrafo sarà inquadrata la struttura di poteri nella Regione Lombardia e le modalità di costruzione del consenso delle Giunte Formigoni. Saranno, poi, analizzati i principali caratteri della partecipazione della società civile a livello regionale, osservando lo sviluppo di capacità critiche e politiche del terzo settore nel corso del processo di law-making della l.reg. 3/2008. Un terzo paragrafo sarà dedicato a discutere le innovazioni emerse nei processi di mobilitazione della società civile nell'implementazione della legge. Infine, verranno discussi i principali fattori che ostano ad una piena partecipazione delle organizzazioni sociali nei territori del welfare locale lombardo.

La partecipazione dei cittadini e delle organizzazioni senza scopo di lucro (associazioni e cooperative) viene da più parti invocata come un obiet-tivo importante per incrementare la qualità della democrazia, nonché l'ef-ficacia, l'appropriatezza e l'efficienza delle politiche pubbliche. La partecipazione, tuttavia, non è mai un aspetto spontaneo, o determinato solo da aspetti tecnici e procedurali. Il capitolo discute le dinamiche partecipative più rilevanti in Lombardia nel campo delle politiche sociali. Per farlo si appoggia ai concetti classici della scienza politica e della sociologia politica delle politiche pubbliche, con un'attenzione particolare alle relazioni fra gli attori e ai momenti conflittuali che producono apprendimento e cambiamento nei partner in interazione. In un primo paragrafo sarà inquadrata la struttura di poteri nella Regione Lombardia e le modalità di costruzione del consenso delle Giunte Formigoni. Saranno, poi, analizzati i principali caratteri della partecipazione della società civile a livello regionale, osservando lo sviluppo di capacità critiche e politiche del terzo settore nel corso del processo di law-making della l.reg. 3/2008. Un terzo paragrafo sarà dedicato a discutere le innovazioni emerse nei processi di mobilitazione della società civile nell'implementazione della legge. Infine, verranno discussi i principali fattori che ostano ad una piena partecipazione delle organizzazioni sociali nei territori del welfare locale lombardo.

The coexistence of different income tax systems is structurally antithetic to a system – the EU one – which promotes economic integration. Does EU law, in accordance with these scopes, provide solutions for the distribution of tax powers between member states? In particular, does the coexistence of those tax powers imply the recognition of a "priority" in taxation of cross-border income, belonging to one rather than the other Member States? The fundamental principles of EU law – see the EU Treaties – offer no support to affirm the existence of such distribution parameters and, more generally, it is much more difficult to determine whether these same principles of European law involve a set of coordination rules, which the tax claim of the Member States must comply. ; La coexistence de différents systèmes de revenus se confrontes structurellement à un ordonnancement qui promeut l'intégration économique. Est-ce que le droit européen, en accord avec ces exigences, prévoit des solutions pour la répartition du pouvoir impositif entre Etats membres ? En particulier, est ce que la coexistence de tels pouvoirs implique comme son homonyme (imposé par le droit communautaire), la reconnaissance nécessaire d'une priorité dans la taxation des revenustransnationaux, appartenant à l'un plutôt qu'à l'autre des Etats membres ? Les principes fondamentaux du droit européen – indiqués dans les Traités instituant les Communautés Européennes – n'offrent aucun appui certain pour affirmer l'existence de tels paramètres de répartition, et, de manière plus générale, il est bien plus difficile d'établir si ces mêmes principes de droit européen impliquent un ensemble de règles de coordination, auquel la prétention fiscale des Etats membres doit être conforme.

The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an unprecedented challenge with very severe socio-economic consequences. We are committed to do everything necessary to meet this challenge in a spirit of solidarity. A coordinated and comprehensive strategy is necessary to deal with health emergency needs, to support economic activity and to prepare the ground for the recovery. This strategy should combine short, medium and long-term initiatives, taking account of the spill overs and interlinkages between our economies and the need to preserve confidence and stability. Several measures have already been taken at the national and EU levels, as set out in the statement of the Eurogroup in inclusive format of 16 March. A subsequent letter of the President of the Eurogroup of 24 March outlined further elements of policy response under consideration. The European Council, in its statement of 26 March, invited the Eurogroup to present proposals on the economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic within two weeks. Replying to the Leaders' mandate, this report takes stock of actions taken thus far and outlines a comprehensive and coordinated economic response. ; The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an unprecedented challenge with very severe socio-economic consequences. We are committed to do everything necessary to meet this challenge in a spirit of solidarity. A coordinated and comprehensive strategy is necessary to deal with health emergency needs, to support economic activity and to prepare the ground for the recovery. This strategy should combine short, medium and long-term initiatives, taking account of the spill overs and interlinkages between our economies and the need to preserve confidence and stability. Several measures have already been taken at the national and EU levels, as set out in the statement of the Eurogroup in inclusive format of 16 March. A subsequent letter of the President of the Eurogroup of 24 March outlined further elements of policy response under consideration. The European Council, in its statement of 26 March, invited the Eurogroup to present proposals on the economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic within two weeks. Replying to the Leaders' mandate, this report takes stock of actions taken thus far and outlines a comprehensive and coordinated economic response.

International audience ; Historically and geographically, the regions of the Adriatic-Ionian basin are very close to each other. However, we can observe that although they are so close, there are many differences and time has left its marks. Obviously now we have to work together to make the macro-region function as a whole, because the Adriatic and the Ionian Sea is a basin characterized by many activities: naval, transport, fishing, gas and Petroleum platforms, export-import activities, coastal and maritime tourism; All activities that can not thrive without being connected to each other, not only for their geographical proximity but also for shared values, which need to be enhanced and re-evaluated among the regions of this basin. Of course, in this area, we need to work for sustainable development, although I think it is a complex issue because it involves dealing with difficult issues: I have mentioned someone, like differences in development; But also the foresight of the future, which calls for consideration of all the dimensions of development, including all the regions which, as I shall later show, can not easily consider that they are parts of different states, and sovereignty and of state interes has to be addressed. To understand what actions need to be done, I have focused my attention on the factors that are important in shaping this kind of action and produce sustainable development. In general, the main factors that I have considered are system conditions, national interest, knowledge and information.The third dimension that leads us to the concept of academic communities and is tied to knowledge that is fundamental to sustainable development and which influences the definition of policies; I think knowledge is decisive today, as knowledge is exercised through categories, and the knowledge production systems and universities have to share this new power, and specialize in handling its different categories. ; Dal punto di vista storico e geografico, le regioni del bacino adriatico-ionico sono ...

In light of the challenges that all cities face today, food is offered as a prism through which to read and intervene on various areas that affect the quality of life of the population: circular economy, urban metabolism, social relations, economies, and food quality. In the Roman context, in recent years, numerous initiatives have revitalized the debate on food and brought the discussion to the center of the interest of an ever-increasing number of citizens. However, these experiences appear unrelated and there is a lack of coordination and political coherence. Faced with this evidence, starting from a territorial analysis, this contribution analyzes the process that led a local group of stakeholders to formulate a proposal for a food policy for the city of Rome. The proposal contains a series of possible actions that aim, on the one hand, to recompose the relations between the city and its territory, with a view to re-localization and re-territorialization of agro-food productions and, on the other hand, to reconnect the economic and social relations that the industrialization of food chains has compromised. The network analysis of the bottom-up process, which mainly investigates networking and negotiation skills between various interests, is carried out and related to a careful analysis of the food system in the Roman context. Furthermore, an overview of the state of the art of urban food policies in Italy has been provided to better contextualize the study case. The findings show actors and topics involved in the process, identifying further development towards a more comprehensive participatory process for a systemic food strategy at the metropolitan level.

Fil: Pellegrini, Nicola. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina. ; Análisis de la política económica argentina durante las crisis financieras y el régimen de cambios múltiples. ; Analysis of the Argentinian economic policies during the financial crise and the multiple exchange rates regimen.