Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes the experience in the solution of human resources problem for the Soviet court system within New Economic Policy by the governing Communist party. The author emphasizes the fact that a court system is a part of a state mechanism which is the reason for a basic requirement to the judiciary which is to follow political course of the Communist party. Special attention is paid to implementation of class party policy of the Soviet judiciary recruitment. Based on the analysis of methods of human resources recruitment the author comes to the conclusion of a practical binding of a judicial and executive power as well as judicial and part power binding. ; В статье проанализирован опыт решения правящей коммунистической партией кадровой проблемы для советской судебной системы в годы нэпа. Автор отмечает, что судебная система являлась частью государственного механизма, поэтому основное требование, предъявлявшееся к судейскому корпусу, заключалось в следовании политическому курсу коммунистической партии. Особое внимание автор обратил на реализацию классово-партийного подхода к подбору работников советского суда. Анализ способов подбора кадров советского суда приводит автора к выводу о практическом сращивании судебной и исполнительной властей, а также сращивании судебной власти с партийной.

The third and final article of the three-part series of articles «Artificial intelligence in the economy and politics of our time» (the first and second articles of the series were published in the fourth and fifth issues of the journal for this year, respectively) presents the results of a study of the goals, motivations and specifics of the adoption of national strategies to support the development of artificial intelligence in different countries. It is shown that such a strategy in Russia is based on the idea of the most important role of using artificial intelligence in solving the most complex economic, social, and military-political problems of the country. Differences in conceptual approaches to the development of research and practical use of artificial intelligence developments in the national strategies of the largest countries of the world — the United States, China and India.

The article opens a three-part series of articles by the author that tells about the phenomenally rapid development of artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) as a subject of «big economy» and «big politics». The author critically evaluates various approaches to defining the essence of AI and makes an attempt to systematically understand the processes of the beginning practical use of AI. The political, humanitarian and economic reasons for its entry into the center of public attention are indicated. The facts of stimulating the development of AI in the context of the synthesis of a consumer society and an information society are analyzed. The features of human existence next to AI, imaginary and real fears (risks, threats) of such coexistence (interaction) and attempts at its ethical regulations are revealed. In the second article of the cycle, the results of the analysis of the market for artificial intelligence developments will be presented, and in the third, the results of the study of the goals, reasons and specifics of adopting national strategies for supporting AI developments in different countries.

At the present time, the document contents of strategic planning for subjects of the Russian Federation, their order of development and endorsement at the interregional and federal levels, requirements for content and coordination with other long-term and medium-term territorial programs are legislative authorized. In the article, the theoretical and methodical problems of specification and interrelation of forecast scenario versions of region socio-economic development with expected parameters of regional energy consumption on the basis of fuel and energy balance in the conditions of incomplete retrospective information are considered. Such situation is typical in the market conditions, and some restrictions on access to the statistical data can be removed. It reduces the application of the strict formal valuation methods and objectivity not only expected, but also current indicators. Methodical and practical relevance of coordination of the specified documents is caused by the relative isolation of their development, various specification level of expected scenarios, lack of necessary information. The authors use the estimation procedure of indicators of energy saving and energy efficiency based on structural comparison of real, current, and expected fuel and energy balances coordinated with the forecast of region socio-economic development and are interested in its development for the comparative analysis of regional energy consumption in the retrospective and expected periods. The calculations are carried out by the authors since 2007 within the state order of the Ministry of Energy and Housing and Utilities Infrastructure of the Sverdlovsk region. In the article, the methodical features of the author's approaches to the option development of fuel and energy balance considering official scenarios of the forecast of region socio-economic development, fault and incompleteness of statistical data, standard requirements for the forecasts quality are reflected. ; Рассмотрены теоретические и методические проблемы детализации и взаимосвязи сценарных вариантов прогноза социально-экономического развития региона с прогнозными параметрами регионального энергопотребления на основе топливно-энергетического баланса в условиях неполной ретроспективной информации. Проанализированы показатели энергопотребления и энергоемкости валового регионального продукта Свердловской области.

The paradox of financial and economic reality lies in the fact that it coexists and phenomena of financial evolution, and processes of conventional (non-transient) type. On the one hand, the economy is changing technologies, goods, organizations and structures. In this sense, it is evolutionary. On the other hand, the acts of these shifts do not exhaust the essence of financial and economic functioning. The huge role is played by the moments of the economic strength of financial entities, coordination of costs and results, demand and supply, anti-crisis formation. The study of these moments is the prerogative of classical science. This means that science as a whole is not able to refute the classical approaches and absolutize fresh, non-traditional views (synergetic, evolutionary) on the concept or Vice versa. The synthesis of classical and fresh non-standard financial and economic doctrines is necessary.

In article the complex assessment of modern policy of import substitution in the sphere of the agrofood market based on balance of its positive and negative effects is given. According to Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service the complex dynamic analysis of the meat and dairy markets in the context of key indicators — the price, import, export is carried out. Relationships of cause and effect of change of a condition of the food market in connection with introduction of economic sanctions are revealed. The conclusion that the policy of import substitution has to consider the potential risks and threats connected as with the possible accompanying growth of the food prices and deterioration of the food status of the least provided groups of the population, and with technical and technological dependence of domestic agricultural production on a foreign market is drawn. The main directions in which programs of support and stimulation are necessary are formulated.

The paper studies the Urals political development in the first half of the 1920s. Main attention is paid to the features of formation of one-party system in the Urals region ; Статья посвящена изучению политического развития Урала в первой половине 1920-х гг. Основное внимание уделяется рассмотрению особенностей формирования однопартийной системы в ральском регионе

The article addresses the influence of transition to the inflation targeting policy on the economic growth. It contains an analysis of different theoretical approaches to the explanation of monetary policy impact mechanism on real economy long-term dynamics. The article also presents the results of econometric research of the relation between inflation targeting regime and economic growth rates in developed countries based on the most recent data. The results of this research let conclude, that transition to the inflation targeting policy is associated with higher GDP growth rates.

In modern conditions of dynamic development of the market environment, deployment of informatization and globalization processes, and tightening of economic confrontation of companies, development of framework conditions for efficient competition and ensuring on this basis the current and long-term business competitiveness takes on particular significance. Competitive policy plays a significant role for solving this problem, which under modern economic conditions is one of the most important tools for economic processes state management aimed at formation and development of highly efficient economy with a significant growth potential and allowing to solve the whole range of social and economic problems. The results of studying the foreign experience in development and nature of the main provisions of antimonopoly and competition laws are presented in the article, and the main stages of its evolution are outlined. It was determined that qualitative changes in the world economy, active globalization and in-formatization processes, development of new economy and network structures had a significant impact on the modern model of competition policy. The key aspects of competition economic policy formation in the regional integration countries unions (EU, APEC, NAFTA, OECD, CIS, EAEU, etc.) are highlighted. It was determined that the EU legislation was considered one of the best examples of efficient international competition law. The main directions of the EU's competition policy and peculiarities of its promotion to other countries were revealed; peculiarities of developing a single competitive economic policy within the framework of EAEU were studied. The conducted researches allowed to determine that processes in the world economy had a significant impact on competition law, which during its formation has undergone significant changes, had become more flexible and targeted and acquired systemic character. Systematic study of the world experience, the EU's experience first of all, is obviously of a great interest for the Republic of Belarus with the market economy at the stage of active formation, as well as the corresponding policy for competition and competitiveness support. Learning this experience is important for successful integration of the country into the European and Global trade and economic area. The theoretical basis of the modern competition policy is formed by a number of conceptual approaches, which have to be learned to understand its key characteristics and accents, directions and methods, and also to predict the forms of its further modernization. ; В современных условиях динамического развития рыночной среды, развертывания процессов информатизации и глобализации, ужесточения экономического противоборства компаний особое значение приобретает формирование рамочных условий для эффективной конкуренции и обеспечение на этой основе текущей и долгосрочной конкурентоспособности бизнеса. Существенную роль в решении этой задачи призвана играть конкурентная политика, которая в современных условиях хозяйствования выступает одним из важнейших инструментов государственного управления экономическими процессами, направленными на формирование и развитие высокоэффективной экономики, обладающей значительным потенциалом роста и позволяющей решать весь комплекс социально-экономических задач. В статье представлены результаты исследования зарубежного опыта развития и содержания основных положений антимонопольного и конкурентного законодательства, выделены основные этапы его эволюции. Установлено, что качественные изменения мирового хозяйства, активно происходящие процессы глобализации и информатизации, развитие новой экономики и сетевых структур оказали существенное воздействие на современную модель конкурентной политики. Выделены ключевые аспекты формирования конкурентной экономической политики в региональных интеграционных объединениях стран (ЕС, АТЭС, НАФТА, ОЭСР, СНГ, ЕАЭС и др.). Установлено, что одним из лучших примеров эффективного международного законодательства о конкуренции считается законодательство ЕС. Раскрыты основные направления конкурентной политики ЕС и особенности ее продвижения в другие страны; исследованы особенности формирования единой конкурентной политики в рамках ЕАЭС. Проведенные исследования позволили установить, что процессы, происходящие в мировой экономике, оказали существенное влияние на конкурентное законодательство, которое за время своего становления претерпело существенные изменения, стало более гибким и целенаправленным, приобрело системный характер. Систематизированное изучение мирового опыта, прежде всего ЕС, представляет несомненный интерес для Республики Беларусь, рыночная экономика которой, как и соответствующая политика поддержки конкуренции и конкурентоспособности, находится в стадии активного формирования. Освоение этого опыта важно для успешной интеграции страны в общеевропейское и глобальное торгово-экономическое пространство. Теоретическую основу современной конкурентной экономической политики образует ряд концептуальных подходов, без освоения которых невозможно уяснить ее ключевые характеристики и акценты, направления и методы, а также прогнозировать формы ее дальнейшей модернизации.

At the end of 2018 — the very beginning of 2019 Russia faced negative consequences of the economic measures that took place in 2018, such as the retirement age rising, tightening sanctions against Russia, VAT rising which caused increased inflation expectations of people. The Bank of Russia increased the key rate in response. All these measures lead to decrease of domestic demand, and not stimulate economic growth. The article examines the possibility of using the monetary policy method of credit restriction to fulfil the presidential act to stimulate economic growth.

The study is the author's vision of national self-interest as a catalyst for national consciousness and, therefore, the development of patriotic attitude to the problems and prospects of the nation. Characterized by positive and negative aspects of national egoism and its consequences. The behavior of the modern Ukrainian government on the introduction of "policy of national self-interest". Substantiates the need for Ukraine to new standards of economic behavior on the principles of moral comparison of personal interests and social values. The basic economic consequences for Ukraine's active implementation of the principles of selfish behavior in the international arena. ; В исследовании представлено авторское видение национального эгоизма, как фактора, стимулирующего национальное сознание, и, соответственно, развитие патриотического отношения к проблемам и перспективам нации. Охарактеризованы положительные и негативные проявления национального эгоизма и его последствий. Проанализировано поведение современного правительства Украины относительно внедрения «политики национального эгоизма». Обоснована потребность Украины в новых стандартах экономического поведения на принципах нравственного сопоставления личностных интересов и общественных ценностей. Исследованы основ- ные экономические последствия для Украины активного внедрения эгоистических принципов поведения на мировой арене.

The modern state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of information technology is gradually covering the sectors of the economy. Digitalization has become a trend, first of all, in the economic sphere and sectors of the economy. Since 2017, the state program «Digital Economy» has been implemented in Russia. One of the promising areas of the application of information and digital technologies in Russian agriculture and the implementation of the state program is the «Internet of Things». The role of agriculture will undoubtedly increase in the coming decades. The growing population of the planet will lead to the problem of an increase in the demand for food. It will be possible to solve it by enhancing the productivity of agricultural production.