Suchergebnisse

This essay examines the political destiny and function in government of the civic institutions and élites of formerly independent urban polities once they had settled into the new political context of the Italian regional states in the fifteenth century. Research conducted from the 1970s onwards has established the greater weakness of Padua's municipal institutions and élite in relation to Venice, as compared to the experience of many other cities of the Terraferma dominion. The essay focuses on the profile of issues connected with land in the Paduan civic council's activity in the later fifteenth century, also seeking to gauge the extent of its autonomy in policy-making and its perception of its role, especially in relation to the action of Venetian authority. The archival material used concerns both the activity of the Paduan council and the more general conduct of government in Venice and Padua.

The objective of the research was to analyze the perspectives of Ukraine's foreign economic policy with respect to Latin America. An overview of the economic and political situation in Latin America is characterized by intensification of inflation in the region, reduction of exports and foreign investment, erosion of the level of business and consumer confidence. She used the following research methods: methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic approach, methods of induction and deduction, generalization, and systematization, economic, etc. Defined strategic orientations have been identified to improve foreign economic cooperation between Ukraine and Latin America to seek new foreign markets and increase foreign trade, such as: opening representative offices of Ukrainian companies in Latin America; active participation of Ukrainian companies in trade fair and exhibition events taking place in the countries of the region; establishment of bilateral industrial cooperation in the territory of MERCOSUR member countries. It concludes on the need to develop a long-term strategy to activate trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the countries of the Latin American region with the identification and justification of sectoral priorities.

Las políticas económicas en España, desde la transición a la democracia hasta la crisis de 2007, son objeto de reflexión en este trabajo. El estudiar en qué medida los gobiernos conservadores (UCD, PP) o los socialistas (PSOE) en el poder desarrollaron una administración del sector público más eficiente es tarea que tropieza con diversos obstáculos. No obstante, si se admite que ninguno de los partidos políticos mencionados siguió patrones electoralistas ni partidistas en el gobierno de la nación, parece muy probable que la etapa 1986-1992 haya sido el período de mayor contribución al bienestar económico de los españoles. ; This paper examines economic policy in Spain, from the transition to democracy up to the crisis of 2007. The analysis of to what extent the Conservative (UCD, PP) or Socialist (PSOE) governments carried out a more efficient administration of the public sector is a task that encounters numerous obstacles. However, if we accept that none of the political parties mentioned followed electioneering or party political schemes when in government, it would appear highly probable that the term that ran from 1986 to 1992 was the period which has contributed most to the economic well-being of Spaniards.

This paper examines economic policy in Spain, from the transition to democracy up to the crisis of 2007. The analysis of to what extent the Conservative (UCD, PP) or Socialist (PSOE) governments carried out a more efficient administration of the public sector is a task that encounters numerous obstacles. However, if we accept that none of the political parties mentioned followed electioneering or party political schemes when in government, it would appear highly probable that the term that ran from 1986 to 1992 was the period which has contributed most to the economic well-being of Spaniards. ; Las políticas económicas en España, desde la transición a la democracia hasta la crisis de 2007, son objeto de reflexión en este trabajo. El estudiar en qué medida los gobiernos conservadores (UCD, PP) o los socialistas (PSOE) en el poder desarrollaron una administración del sector público más eficiente es tarea que tropieza con diversos obstáculos. No obstante, si se admite que ninguno de los partidos políticos mencionados siguió patrones electoralistas ni partidistas en el gobierno de la nación, parece muy probable que la etapa 1986-1992 haya sido el período de mayor contribución al bienestar económico de los españoles.

The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an unprecedented challenge with very severe socio-economic consequences. We are committed to do everything necessary to meet this challenge in a spirit of solidarity. A coordinated and comprehensive strategy is necessary to deal with health emergency needs, to support economic activity and to prepare the ground for the recovery. This strategy should combine short, medium and long-term initiatives, taking account of the spill overs and interlinkages between our economies and the need to preserve confidence and stability. Several measures have already been taken at the national and EU levels, as set out in the statement of the Eurogroup in inclusive format of 16 March. A subsequent letter of the President of the Eurogroup of 24 March outlined further elements of policy response under consideration. The European Council, in its statement of 26 March, invited the Eurogroup to present proposals on the economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic within two weeks. Replying to the Leaders' mandate, this report takes stock of actions taken thus far and outlines a comprehensive and coordinated economic response. ; The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes an unprecedented challenge with very severe socio-economic consequences. We are committed to do everything necessary to meet this challenge in a spirit of solidarity. A coordinated and comprehensive strategy is necessary to deal with health emergency needs, to support economic activity and to prepare the ground for the recovery. This strategy should combine short, medium and long-term initiatives, taking account of the spill overs and interlinkages between our economies and the need to preserve confidence and stability. Several measures have already been taken at the national and EU levels, as set out in the statement of the Eurogroup in inclusive format of 16 March. A subsequent letter of the President of the Eurogroup of 24 March outlined further elements of policy response under consideration. The European Council, in its statement of 26 March, invited the Eurogroup to present proposals on the economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic within two weeks. Replying to the Leaders' mandate, this report takes stock of actions taken thus far and outlines a comprehensive and coordinated economic response.

The study of public policies as an issue of academic interest, which is manifested at a time when the state imposes its interventor character because of the Great Depression of 1929. This paper aims to establish a theoreticalconceptual discussion between public policies and an economic policy. It was used a documentary review as methodology. The focus of public policies and an economic policy is the product of the boom of the intervening State. An economic policy, as a public policy, is a normative, empirical and social discipline dedicated to the study of the criteria, ends, means and doctrines that governments use to intervene in the economic reality of a country. In conclusion, the discussion about which collective decision mechanism is most appropriate: the State or the market, is the real core in the evolution of the approach of public policies, and in particular, of an economic policy. ; El estudio de las políticas públicas como tema de interés académico, se manifiesta en un momento en el cual el Estado impone su carácter interventor, producto de la Gran Depresión de 1929. Este trabajo tiene como propósito establecer una discusión teórico-conceptual entre las políticas públicas y la política económica. El enfoque de las políticas públicas y de la política económica es producto del auge del Estado interventor. La política económica, como política pública, es una disciplina normativa, empírica y social dedicada al estudio de los criterios, fines, medios y doctrinas utilizadas por los gobiernos para intervenir en la realidad económica de un país. En conclusión, la discusión acerca de qué mecanismo de decisión colectiva es más adecuado, el Estado o el mercado, es lo que está de fondo en la evolución del enfoque de las políticas públicas y, en particular, de la política económica.

The growing scholarship on policy change in Latin America has not yet studied the cases of economic change the region has experienced in the previous decades. This is the gap this article seeks to address, while focusing on the Argentinean case. It will study the different moments of change in economic policy that took place between the last military dictatorship and the government of Néstor Kirchner, including the governments of Raúl Alfonsín and Carlos Ménem. The focus will be on trade policies and their instruments. We contend that these changes happen following a pattern of punctuated equilibrium. However, the theory that fits best with the economic policy changes in Argentina is Multiple Streams Theory. The role of the policy entrepreneurs and the policy windows created by the successive economic crises constitute key elements to explain the fit between the significant shifts in economic policy during the last decades in Argentina and Multiple Streams theory. ; La literatura creciente sobre cambio en las políticas públicas en América Latina aún no ha estudiado los casos de cambio económico que ha experimentado la región en las últimas décadas. Este artículo busca suplir dicho vacío al concentrarse en el estudio del caso argentino. Se analizarán los diferentes momentos en los que hubo cambios significativos en las políticas económicas desde la última dictadura militar hasta el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner, incluyendo los gobiernos de Raúl Alfonsín y Carlos Ménem. El objeto de análisis será principalmente las políticas comerciales y su conjunto de instrumentos de política. Se argumenta que dichos cambios sucedieron siguiendo una lógica de equilibrio puntuado, cuyas dinámicas se explican adecuadamente a través del uso de teorías de las Corrientes Múltiples. El papel de los emprendedores de política pública y las ventanas de oportunidad creadas por las sucesivas crisis económicas experimentadas por el país, constituyen los elementos principales para explicar la concordancia entre los cambios radicales en las ...

Numerous acts of foreign policy - but also of domestic policy - show the ideological commitment of Jair Bolsonaro with the lines of action of the government of the United States of America.The pronouncements and actions taken against Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua, as well as his rapprochement with Israel, among others, leave very little doubt about the pro-US geopolitical orientation of his government. However, his actions in the field of international economic relations appear to be more ambiguous.For this reason, this paper aims to characterize the international economic policy of Brazil during the first two years of President Jair Bolsonaro's adminstration, in general, and, specifically, in relation to South America. The novelty of this study lies in the approach to the subject through the interrelation between the geopolitical approach and the international economic policy of the aforementioned president.