Suchergebnisse

Purpose: to propose the best option for development of Russian economy after crisis. Methodological framework is the concept of comparative analysis of economic systems. Results: The author provides a classification of various types of governmental economic policy, according to which the substance of alternative strategies of upcoming development of Russian economy is disclosed; the strategy of governmental regulation of Russian economy during its market transformation is critically assessed and the target for its future radical change is determined. Practical implications: formation and implementation of the governmental economic policy.

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

In January 2015, Moscow State University held its annual scientific conference "Lomonosov readings". The conference was dedicated this year's 260th anniversary of Moscow State Lomonosov University. As part of the Lomonosov readings at the Economics Faculty of Moscow State University hosted a scientific conference "Alternatives of economic policy in conditions of slowdown in economic growth: working-out and recommendations of economists at the MSU". Discussions at the conference allowed us to formulate the key areas of economic policy aimed at increasing economic growth and overcoming the crisis in the economy.

In article the complex assessment of modern policy of import substitution in the sphere of the agrofood market based on balance of its positive and negative effects is given. According to Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service the complex dynamic analysis of the meat and dairy markets in the context of key indicators — the price, import, export is carried out. Relationships of cause and effect of change of a condition of the food market in connection with introduction of economic sanctions are revealed. The conclusion that the policy of import substitution has to consider the potential risks and threats connected as with the possible accompanying growth of the food prices and deterioration of the food status of the least provided groups of the population, and with technical and technological dependence of domestic agricultural production on a foreign market is drawn. The main directions in which programs of support and stimulation are necessary are formulated.

The paper proposes vision of digital economy from the economic informatics perspective. It defines the digital economy itself, discusses its key features and patterns. It also considers key problems and risks arising from mutual adaptation between the system of complementary technologies, organization and human capital and public economic policy. The problems to be solved by economics are discussed in details.

В статье рассматривается курс Китая на Ближнем Востоке с целью определения роли и места Китайской Народной республики в контексте региональных отношений. Помимо экономических, преимущественно энергетических интересов, традиционно имевших для КНР первостепенное значение, сегодня Китай более активно продвигает и политическую повестку дня. В статье рассмотрены наиболее масштабные китайские инициативы для ближневосточного региона в области экономики и безопасности, проанализирована зарождающаяся китайская концептуализация ближневосточной политики. Последняя в настоящий момент носит максимально обобщенный характер, однако сам факт создания китайской стороной документов такого содержания представляется свидетельством намечающихся сдвигов в сторону более явной активности КНР в регионе. В ходе работы были проанализированы официальные документы и заявления, статистические данные и аналитические доклады, подготовленные коллективами авторов различных научно-исследовательских центров. Автор стремится к наиболее объективному анализу проводимого КНР политического курса, однако выстраивает аргументацию преимущественно в русле реалисткой теории международных отношений. В результате исследования выявлена тенденция к активизации китайской ближневосточной политики, а также вероятное намерение Китая закрепиться в регионе в качестве влиятельного внерегионального игрока.

In this paper we consider the role of government as a state owner and
public relations manager, as well as we consider the contradictions that arise from
the interaction of these two roles between business and government.

The paper focuses on the issue of theoretical and methodological justification of monetary policy and its tools. A review of Russian economists' theoretical approaches to this problem allowed the authors to identify theoretical, methodological and applied bases of evaluation of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The paper presents the authors' view of the scientific discussion on appropriateness of the monetary policy adopted by the Bank of Russia for the current state of the economy. The authors reveal principle distinctions between theoretical arguments of the supporters of the Bank's monetary policy and their opponents. The research theoretically and conceptually validates the changes in basic definitions and ideas contributing to the existing understanding of inflation in the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The analysis of macroeconomic theory and actual monetary policy gives grounds to conclude about their strong correlation. The suggested review of theoretical approaches to the problem studied will allow determining theoretical, methodological and applied rationale for monetary policy more accurately.

The combination of fundamentally new external and internal challenges to the Russian economy predetermines the need for changes in economic policy, including monetary policy. In this context, the article analyzes the draft «Main directions of the unified state monetary policy for 2020 and the period 2021 and 2022», developed and published by the Bank of Russia. The authors substantiate a number of measures, either alternative to the planned financial regulator, or complementary to them.

The article is devoted to the transformation of the energy strategy of Russia in the conditions of the current economic crisis. The special attention is paid to current trends in the sphere of international relations having a decisive influence on the formation of Russia's energy strategy. The authors point to the crisis of the modern world, the deepening of interstate contradictions, the expansion of confrontation, the revision of the uniform principles of trade, established by the World Trade Organization, the changes in the global financial system. The authors investigate the possibility of political arrangements between the leading suppliers of oil on the destabilization of the oil market in order to achieve geopolitical goals. In the article special attention is also paid to the issue of political motivation of anti-Russian sanctions directed at impeding Russia's development and its Fuel & Energy Complex, in particular. Today, against the background of the current political situation, the energy strategy of Russia is exposed to adjustment. The country has the important task of ensuring technological independence of the energy sector on the basis of import substitution of the equipment, diversification of the directions of export of energy resources, preservation of leading positions in the world market of peaceful nuclear energy, etc. The authors conclude that the energy strategy of Russia is important part of foreign policy strategy of the country, and it is focused on practical cooperation with all countries and is aimed at protecting interests of the state.

Based on the latest data, paper investigates the dynamics of global climate change and its impact on economic growth in the long-term. The notion of climate risk is considered. The main directions of climate risk management policies are analyzed aimed, first, at reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through technological innovation and structural economic shifts; secondly, at adaptation of population, territories and economic complexes to the irreparable effects of climate change. The problem of taking into account the phenomenon of climate change in the state economic policy is put in the context of the most urgent tasks of intensification of long-term socio-economic development and parrying strategic challenges to the development of Russia.

The third and final article of the three-part series of articles «Artificial intelligence in the economy and politics of our time» (the first and second articles of the series were published in the fourth and fifth issues of the journal for this year, respectively) presents the results of a study of the goals, motivations and specifics of the adoption of national strategies to support the development of artificial intelligence in different countries. It is shown that such a strategy in Russia is based on the idea of the most important role of using artificial intelligence in solving the most complex economic, social, and military-political problems of the country. Differences in conceptual approaches to the development of research and practical use of artificial intelligence developments in the national strategies of the largest countries of the world — the United States, China and India.

The article opens a three-part series of articles by the author that tells about the phenomenally rapid development of artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) as a subject of «big economy» and «big politics». The author critically evaluates various approaches to defining the essence of AI and makes an attempt to systematically understand the processes of the beginning practical use of AI. The political, humanitarian and economic reasons for its entry into the center of public attention are indicated. The facts of stimulating the development of AI in the context of the synthesis of a consumer society and an information society are analyzed. The features of human existence next to AI, imaginary and real fears (risks, threats) of such coexistence (interaction) and attempts at its ethical regulations are revealed. In the second article of the cycle, the results of the analysis of the market for artificial intelligence developments will be presented, and in the third, the results of the study of the goals, reasons and specifics of adopting national strategies for supporting AI developments in different countries.

The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of using cluster policy in Russia's industry as an instrument for developing dynamic competition (encouraging innovation activity). Drawing on the results of a detailed systematic review of the cluster theory, the author identifies the reason for its weak operationality: an implicit premise on entrepreneur's passive role in the innovation process. He then attempts to remove this premise by explaining the motives of company's behavior through a modified product variety model which is tested on empirical data from the U.S. and Russia. The results of testing show that at similar level of economic activity the geographical concentration of industrial enterprises in a cluster contributes to the intensification of innovation processes. A relatively more competitive behavior of firms in a cluster is explained through the theory of industrial markets and new institutional economic theory. The analysis concludes with valuable recommendations for economic policy.

The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of using cluster policy in Russia's industry as an instrument for developing dynamic competition (encouraging innovation activity). Drawing on the results of a detailed systematic review of the cluster theory, the author identifies the reason for its weak operationality: an implicit premise on entrepreneur's passive role in the innovation process. He then attempts to remove this premise by explaining the motives of company's behavior through a modified product variety model which is tested on empirical data from the U.S. and Russia. The results of testing show that at similar level of economic activity the geographical concentration of industrial enterprises in a cluster contributes to the intensification of innovation processes. A relatively more competitive behavior of firms in a cluster is explained through the theory of industrial markets and new institutional economic theory. The analysis concludes with valuable recommendations for economic policy.