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It is increasingly important to examine the relationship between the outcomes of a clinical trial and the costs of the medical therapy under study. This book provides a practical guide to the techniques and issues involved in conducting economic evaluation in ongoing clinical trials, supported with examples

Economic Evaluation in Genomic Medicineintroduces health economics and economic evaluation to genomic clinicians and researchers, while also introducing the topic to health economists. Each chapter includes an executive summary, questions, and case studies, along with supplementary online materials, including process guides, maps, flow charts, diagrams, and economic evaluation spreadsheets to enhance the learning process. The text can easily be used as course material for related graduate and undergraduate courses, providing a succinct overview of the existing, state-of-the-art application of economic evaluation to genomic healthcare and precision medicine. Interrelates economic evaluation and genomic medicine Instructs healthcare professionals and bioscientists about economic evaluation in genomic medicine Teaches health economists about application of economic evaluation in genomic medicine Introduces health economics and economic evaluation to clinicians and researchers involved in genomics Includes process guides, maps, flow charts and diagrams

As the conduct of health economic evaluations to inform health budget decision-making becomes more common, the special challenges of measuring costs and health consequences in children, from neonate to adolescent, have become increasingly evident. This book considers these challenges.

Sponsored Report (for Acquisition Research Program) ; This study offers a comprehensive set of approaches for procurement officials to structure public investment decisions. Designed to improve acquisition outcomes, the ''Economic Evaluation of Alternatives'' (EEoA) addresses a significant weakness in most contemporary military applications of the current methodology''the Analysis of Alternatives (AoAs). While AoAs correctly focus on lifecycle costs and the operational effectiveness of alternatives, ''affordability'' is an after-thought''at best only implicitly addressed as a weight placed on cost in the final stages of the analysis. In sharp contrast, the EEoA encourages senior analysts and decision-makers to include affordability explicitly and up-front in structuring an AoA. This requires working with vendors to build alternatives based on a reasonable spectrum of possible funding (budget or affordability) scenarios. A key difference between traditional AoAs and the EEoA approach is that instead of modeling competing vendors as points in cost-effectiveness space, the EEoA solicits vendor proposals as functions of optimistic, pessimistic, and most-likely funding (budget) scenarios. The Decision Map offered in the concluding section of this study provides a comprehensive guide to EEoA for practitioners. This study also illustrates how, by embedding affordability directly into an AoA, the EEoA approach provides a unique opportunity for senior leadership to achieve a significant defense acquisition reform''to integrate Requirements Generation and Defense Acquisition with the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS), reducing future costs and improving performance and schedules. ; Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Program ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Economic Evaluation of Pharmacy Services provides the latest on the trend to a more product-centered and service-centered practice, eschewing traditional economic evaluation techniques that focus on product-to-product comparisons in favor of evaluating processes that measure costs and health outcomes. Complete with examples focusing on best practices, including various study designs, types of pharmacy services, and types of outcomes being evaluated, the book emphasizes case studies and examples that help readers understand economic evaluation techniques. Many of these techniques are transferable across countries, especially where there are advanced and stable health systems in place. With the help of this practical guide, readers will gain a thorough understanding of the application of economic evaluation of pharmacy services

Enabling value judgements about policies and programmes is one of evaluation's central tasks. There is, however, little consensus on how evaluators should accomplish this task. The traditional cost–benefit approaches have been found wanting and yet valuing as promoted by checklists or qualitative stakeholder interviews is not anchored to an economic theory and thus inspires little confidence. While no single methodology is likely to be accepted by all, recent developments in economic theory support a new interpretation. This article draws on economic evaluation generally and the evaluation of development projects more specifically. The approach proposes a variant of social cost–benefit analysis (SCBA); it retains the representation of stakeholder values and avoids the more dogmatic, and even mechanical, underpinnings of traditional economic analysis. The article traces the development of this new 'options-based' approach and suggests a path for further research. It is argued that this approach warrants a voice in the dialogue on economic evaluation.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book presents methods to evaluate sustainable development using economic tools. The focus on sustainable development takes the reader beyond economic growth to encompass inclusion, environmental stewardship and good governance. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for outcomes. In illustrating the SDGs, the book employs three evaluation approaches: impact evaluation, cost-benefit analysis and objectives-based evaluation. The innovation lies in connecting evaluation tools with economics. Inclusion, environmental care and good governance, thought of as "wicked problems", are given centre stage. The book uses case studies to show the application of evaluation tools. It offers guidance to evaluation practitioners, students of development and policymakers. The basic message is that evaluation comes to life when its links with socio-economic, environmental, and governance policies are capitalized on.

This study offers a comprehensive set of approaches for procurement officials to structure public investment decisions. Designed to improve acquisition outcomes, the Economic Evaluation of Alternatives (EEoA) addresses a significant weakness in most contemporary military applications of the current methodology--the Analysis of Alternatives (AoAs). While AoAs correctly focus on lifecycle costs and the operational effectiveness of alternatives, affordability is an after-thought--at best only implicitly addressed as a weight placed on cost in the final stages of the analysis. In sharp contrast, the EEoA encourages senior analysts and decision-makers to include affordability explicitly and up-front in structuring an AoA. This requires working with vendors to build alternatives based on a reasonable spectrum of possible funding (budget or affordability) scenarios. A key difference between traditional AoAs and the EEoA approach is that instead of modeling competing vendors as points in cost-effectiveness space, the EEoA solicits vendor proposals as functions of optimistic, pessimistic, and most-likely funding (budget) scenarios. The Decision Map offered in the concluding section of this study provides a comprehensive guide to EEoA for practitioners. This study also illustrates how, by embedding affordability directly into an AoA, the EEoA approach provides a unique opportunity for senior leadership to achieve a significant defense acquisition reform--to integrate Requirements Generation and Defense Acquisition with the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS), reducing future costs and improving performance and schedules. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.