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AbstractThe possible role of ethical systems in accounting for the wide economic and social gap betweeri developed and underdeveloped countries is examined in the light of the Weberian thesis on the relationship between the Protestant Ethic, capitalism and economic development. Materials from various cultures seem to support Weber, but suggest that the crucial factor in economic development is not necessarily THE PROTESTANT ETHIC, but any ethical system which produces the following results: rational attitudes toward experiences, personal responsibility, a disciplined work force, and worldly asceticism. An ethic which encourages underconsumption and deferred gratification and which creates social motivations and legitimization for worldly work and economic enterprise seems to facilitate economic development in the takeoff period.

"Mainstream economics generally assumes a universalistic market-oriented economic behavior that drives countries to adopt one economic system, with marginal variations. This book extends the scope of theory and applications by asserting that other distinct behaviors evolve and dominate in other economic systems. Systemic differences arise from distinct social, political and economic behavioral-motivational types that associate with intensive agent activity in household, state and firm settings. External conditions, historical events, and agent interactions ultimately result in domination of one motivational type over others; thus determining distinct profiles of structure, conduct, and performance in different economic systems, that are generally observed in the adopting countries. The book validates the theory empirically, traces the historical evolution of the respective economic systems in the world regions and evaluates their responses to various systemic failures such as monopoly, uncertainties, externalities and collective needs. The evaluation is extended to structural changes and system performance regarding growth and distribution. This book draws on microeconomics, welfare economics, development economics and the international economy. The book projects the influence potential of leading countries/systems, and treats effects of displacement of incumbent leaders (US, Japan) by newcomer leaders (China, India) on system competition and on world governance."--

In the field of comparative Communist studies theory seems to have lagged behind reality. Until a few years ago we tended to think of Communist polities in terms of uniformities oriented around the concept of a totalitarian model that permeated all Communist systems more or less the same way and to the same degree. Although it was recognized that there were cultural differences and variations in the levels of development, these factors were not assigned great weight in modifying and transforming Communist polities. On the contrary, the very possibility of a transformation was assigned a low probability.

Beurteilung der Wirtschaftsentwicklung.

Themen: Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, der
Preisentwicklung und der Entwicklung der Arbeitslosigkeit.

Demographie: Schulbildung; Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen;
Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung.

Beurteilung der Wirtschaftsentwicklung.

Themen: Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, der
Preisentwicklung und der Entwicklung der Arbeitslosigkeit.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen;
Haushaltsgröße; Besitz langlebiger Wirtschaftsgüter.

Beurteilung der Wirtschaftsentwicklung.

Themen: Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, der
Preisentwicklung und der Entwicklung der Arbeitslosigkeit.

Demographie: Schulbildung; Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen;
Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung.