In the article the authors analyze and assess the impact of infrastructure on regional competitiveness. Theoretical analysis involves the development and directions of investigations on infrastructure as well as classification of infrastructure components, its specific characteristics, the significance of infrastructure to economics and regional competitiveness. In the article infrastructure is understood as physical assets that are widely used by the economic subjects, society and Government.[.]
Introduction of Euro ended the money integration process which lasted for 50 years . Euro became the key axis of integration. In the context of the international monetary system, formation of the Monetary Union in Europe is perhaps the most important event since the failure of the world monetary system that functioned on the basis of the Bretton Woods treaty. The experience of the first Eurofunctioning year has shown that it became a factor that stabilized the fluctuation of interest, price, and exchange courses in a complicated economics globalization environment. When evaluating in the context of other monetary unions, the Euro project is a particular event in monetary history. Never before did it happen that a group of independent slates would refuse their national money at their own vvill and would concurrently retain political independence. This act determines quite a new combination of macroeconomic policy, based on general values and following the subsidizing principles. The policy based only on national interests can be neither productive, nor stable enough. The policy based on the common currency has an effect on all tjie spheres of economics: allocation of resources and revenues, economic growth, as well as labor, product, service, and finance markets.[.].
Introduction of Euro ended the money integration process which lasted for 50 years . Euro became the key axis of integration. In the context of the international monetary system, formation of the Monetary Union in Europe is perhaps the most important event since the failure of the world monetary system that functioned on the basis of the Bretton Woods treaty. The experience of the first Eurofunctioning year has shown that it became a factor that stabilized the fluctuation of interest, price, and exchange courses in a complicated economics globalization environment. When evaluating in the context of other monetary unions, the Euro project is a particular event in monetary history. Never before did it happen that a group of independent slates would refuse their national money at their own vvill and would concurrently retain political independence. This act determines quite a new combination of macroeconomic policy, based on general values and following the subsidizing principles. The policy based only on national interests can be neither productive, nor stable enough. The policy based on the common currency has an effect on all tjie spheres of economics: allocation of resources and revenues, economic growth, as well as labor, product, service, and finance markets.[.].
The article argues that economic measures of happiness are invalid and unreliable. The invalidity is implied by the subjective theory of value: happiness cannot be measured in the cardinal scales of measurement and it cannot be intersubjectively aggregated. The unreliability also follows from the subjective nature of happiness. The article concludes that the application of happiness economics to inform policy decisions should be seen as immoral. Adapted from the source document.
Summary Today's economy constantly reveals new challenges and problems to be addressed by perceiving and evaluating various events. Every school or theory of economics in one way or another reflects the complexity of economic practices. Each theory undergoes a period of popularity, evolution and transformation, and economic science itself is organically 'coming out' from the past, while maintain ing a close relationship with economic fundamentals as well as the objectives. [.]
Summary Today's economy constantly reveals new challenges and problems to be addressed by perceiving and evaluating various events. Every school or theory of economics in one way or another reflects the complexity of economic practices. Each theory undergoes a period of popularity, evolution and transformation, and economic science itself is organically 'coming out' from the past, while maintain ing a close relationship with economic fundamentals as well as the objectives. [.]
"Lithuanian Energy Security. Annual Review 2011-2012" presents the problematics of Lithuanian energy security, energy security research methods and methodology that allows determining Lithuanian energy security level. This is an interdisciplinary study that analyses energy security issues and encompasses various scholarly disciplines, such as energy, economics, political science and sociology. The study not only provides an overview of Lithuanian energy security dynamics, but also assesses the potential impact of the main energy projects on the energy security level.
"Lithuanian Energy Security. Annual Review 2011-2012" presents the problematics of Lithuanian energy security, energy security research methods and methodology that allows determining Lithuanian energy security level. This is an interdisciplinary study that analyses energy security issues and encompasses various scholarly disciplines, such as energy, economics, political science and sociology. The study not only provides an overview of Lithuanian energy security dynamics, but also assesses the potential impact of the main energy projects on the energy security level.
"Lithuanian Energy Security. Annual Review 2011-2012" presents the problematics of Lithuanian energy security, energy security research methods and methodology that allows determining Lithuanian energy security level. This is an interdisciplinary study that analyses energy security issues and encompasses various scholarly disciplines, such as energy, economics, political science and sociology. The study not only provides an overview of Lithuanian energy security dynamics, but also assesses the potential impact of the main energy projects on the energy security level.
Efficient operations of state enterprises play a significant role in promoting development and growth of the national economy, and accordingly require implementing the most efficient model of governance. Given the state-seaport relation, current common concepts of port operations and their factors include features of Keynesian economic theory. Moreover, features of monetarism and institutionalism may be observed in the performance of seaports. The contrast between the assessment of seaport performance based on classical public administration and economic theories and the performance of the global maritime sector in modern market conditions raises the scientific problem of the research: Which methodology should be applied for comprehensive evaluation of added-value, created through the effective governance at the state seaport. The object of the research is the seaport governance. The aim of the research is to substantiate value oriented management changes of state seaport. The methods of the research include the following: systematic review, meta-analysis, analysis of scientific literature, logography, statistical analysis, interpretation, and generalization. Effective management consists of the following three managerial levels: operational management, strategical management, and governance. Each of latter management levels has different functional objectives and their consistent implementation creates the expected outcomes of effective management. The activities of state-owned companies are primarily based on their specific operational indicators, which create added value to the whole national economy. In order to achieve the highest possible added value, different management situations have to be modelled for the best solution to be found. According to the theory of public administration, especially related to the decentralization of state-owned enterprises, it is necessary to compare the indicators of financial efficiency and performance with the social and economic impact of the state-owned enterprises operating in the competitive market and region. The decentralization processes which occur due to the implementation of financial and institutional autonomy were implemented during the development of the new public management paradigm. At the end of the last century, many public management reforms were implemented in the area of infrastructure, transport and telecommunication management following the increase of the financial and institutional autonomy of state-owned enterprises. Such reforms were influenced by the shift of bureaucratic governance into corporate governance and following an increase of competitiveness in the market. Determining the effectiveness of seaport governance may indicate the level of complexity and linkages between the actors operating in the seaport and whole maritime transport sector. Moreover, the effectiveness of state-owned seaports may be evaluated and compared to other governance models by assessing the added value of activity and national socio-economic indicators. Economic theories provide a large variety of methodological approaches in defining and assessing performance. This responds to the tendency of the development of economic thought, related to the key differences between current economic schools and economic theory (postmodernist, free market, neoclassical, endogenous growth, etc.). It also promotes the need for forming a new research methodology, corresponding to modern economic development and operating environment, in order to reach a greater production and exchange efficiency, and social welfare maximization. In the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, the ports of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania compete with the ports of the Russian Federation. Comparing the main port activity indicator, the volume of cargo handling, the apparent trend of turnover of Lithuanian ports – cargo handling rate is lower than of the ports of the Russian Federation and is the largest in the Baltic states market. Based on the analysis of the results of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian ports, it can be argued that the positive and consistent improvement of the performance of the strategic object of the country, the state seaport, is a significant but insufficient indicator describing the country's social, economic and environmental situation. This confirms the theoretical statements that good macroeconomic indicators of various sectors of the state economy are not a precise unit of measurement of the current situation, do not adequately describe the actual economic situation of the country and do not meet the expectations of the population. In order to reflect the real socio-economic situation, it is necessary to follow the systematic conception of quality of life, which interprets the quality of life of the population as an integrated concept that fully describes the ecological, economic, material and moral health of society, measured at the macro level (national scale) and micro level (from the point of view of an individual).
At the master thesis Lithuanian textile industry international competitiveness improving aspects are being researched. The meaning of textile industry international competitiveness to modern Lithuania economics is being described. During scientific sources analysis it was found that the industry's international competitiveness depends on factors such as relative or absolute advantages of the state (climate, geographical position, resources and self-sufficiency, etc.), new technologies in the production process, investments, government policy in the international competitiveness of industry . In order to assess the Lithuanian textile industry international competitiveness empirical surveys were disposed, which allowed the identification of the factors most affecting the country's textile industry and its competitiveness. It was also examined the practice of the various countries in textile industry international competitiveness improvement. The examination of the theoretical and practical aspects of the work is presented recommendations Lithuanian textile industry to increase international competitiveness. At the end of the thesis conclusions and suggestions were performed. Structure: introduction; textile industry international competitiveness improvement is modern Lithuanian economics priority; theoretical models, whitch can be used to improve textile industry international competitiveness; empirical researches used to evaluate the international competitiveness of Lithuanian textile industry; recommendations for Lithuanian textile industry international competitiveness improvement; conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 77 p. text without appendixes, 6 pictures, 19 tables, 46 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.
At the master thesis Lithuanian textile industry international competitiveness improving aspects are being researched. The meaning of textile industry international competitiveness to modern Lithuania economics is being described. During scientific sources analysis it was found that the industry's international competitiveness depends on factors such as relative or absolute advantages of the state (climate, geographical position, resources and self-sufficiency, etc.), new technologies in the production process, investments, government policy in the international competitiveness of industry . In order to assess the Lithuanian textile industry international competitiveness empirical surveys were disposed, which allowed the identification of the factors most affecting the country's textile industry and its competitiveness. It was also examined the practice of the various countries in textile industry international competitiveness improvement. The examination of the theoretical and practical aspects of the work is presented recommendations Lithuanian textile industry to increase international competitiveness. At the end of the thesis conclusions and suggestions were performed. Structure: introduction; textile industry international competitiveness improvement is modern Lithuanian economics priority; theoretical models, whitch can be used to improve textile industry international competitiveness; empirical researches used to evaluate the international competitiveness of Lithuanian textile industry; recommendations for Lithuanian textile industry international competitiveness improvement; conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 77 p. text without appendixes, 6 pictures, 19 tables, 46 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.
State debt: structure, process and influence to Lithuanian economy/ Master's Work in Business Equity Economics. Supervisor assoc. doc. dr. L. Šadžius. – Vilnius: Faculty of Economics and Finance Management, Mykolas Romeris University, 2009. – 89 p. The relevance of Master's work in Business Equity Economics is disclosed by the fact that state debt is one of the most talking points in modern day society, because it involves not only the state, the state government, but also the whole population, their social environment and future generations. The state debt and its coming reasons are important to science of economy, because it is an important factor to the growth of state economy. Performing the descriptive analysis it is pursued to identify the borrowing peculiarities of separated periods, to reveal the aspects and effectiveness of Lithuanian state debt management by analyzing the structure, changes of Lithuanian state debt and its influence to Lithuanian economy. During the analysis the hypothesis (H1) would be tested: The borrowing risk and the problem of state debt growth are managed wrongly. The object of the analysis is Lithuanian state debt. The main purpose of this master thesis is to analyze the theoretical aspects of state debt, the process of Lithuanian state debt by analyzing statistical and analytical data and to analyze the estimation and management problems of Lithuanian state debt influence to Lithuanian economy. While writing the master thesis, the statistical and analytical data about the Lithuanian state debt and state economy were analyzed. In different aspects the various science articles about the Lithuanian debt, its management and influence to economy problems were interpreted. The performed analysis partially confirms the raised hypothesis. The hypothesis only proves the problem concerning the growth of the state debt. Meanwhile, the risks related to the state debt are managed properly in Lithuania. The work consists of three main parts. The first part describes the theoretical aspects of state debt conception, structure, and main law acts, which regulates the administration and management of state debt. The second part is appointed to analyze the process of Lithuanian state debt. The third part describes the influence of Lithuanian state debt to economy and the peculiarities of the management of debt risks in accordance with presented models of estimation and management.
State debt: structure, process and influence to Lithuanian economy/ Master's Work in Business Equity Economics. Supervisor assoc. doc. dr. L. Šadžius. – Vilnius: Faculty of Economics and Finance Management, Mykolas Romeris University, 2009. – 89 p. The relevance of Master's work in Business Equity Economics is disclosed by the fact that state debt is one of the most talking points in modern day society, because it involves not only the state, the state government, but also the whole population, their social environment and future generations. The state debt and its coming reasons are important to science of economy, because it is an important factor to the growth of state economy. Performing the descriptive analysis it is pursued to identify the borrowing peculiarities of separated periods, to reveal the aspects and effectiveness of Lithuanian state debt management by analyzing the structure, changes of Lithuanian state debt and its influence to Lithuanian economy. During the analysis the hypothesis (H1) would be tested: The borrowing risk and the problem of state debt growth are managed wrongly. The object of the analysis is Lithuanian state debt. The main purpose of this master thesis is to analyze the theoretical aspects of state debt, the process of Lithuanian state debt by analyzing statistical and analytical data and to analyze the estimation and management problems of Lithuanian state debt influence to Lithuanian economy. While writing the master thesis, the statistical and analytical data about the Lithuanian state debt and state economy were analyzed. In different aspects the various science articles about the Lithuanian debt, its management and influence to economy problems were interpreted. The performed analysis partially confirms the raised hypothesis. The hypothesis only proves the problem concerning the growth of the state debt. Meanwhile, the risks related to the state debt are managed properly in Lithuania. The work consists of three main parts. The first part describes the theoretical aspects of state debt conception, structure, and main law acts, which regulates the administration and management of state debt. The second part is appointed to analyze the process of Lithuanian state debt. The third part describes the influence of Lithuanian state debt to economy and the peculiarities of the management of debt risks in accordance with presented models of estimation and management.
Integration to the EU includes elimination of barriers to free movement of goods, services, capital and persons, implementation of general principles and specific rules of the EU policy, delegation of making decisions and supervision of their implementation to the EU institutions as well as the right to participate in structures of making common decisions and influence further development of the EU. Achievements of Lithuanian economics are concurrent with progressing economic integration into the EU. Lithuanian economic integration covers several stages: Free Trade Area, Customs Union, Single market as well as Economic and Monetary Union. Lithuania, after becoming member of the European Union, experienced fast social, economic and political transformation. Significant structural changes in economics took place, related to changes in foreign trade. Financial support of the EU allows Lithuania enhance its role on the European and international stage. From the economic point of view, participating in the single market of Europe helped to improve level of trade and welfare. Lithuania, after becoming member of the European Union, not only receives support from the European Union, but also has new possibilities in the market. The period of programming 2004-2006 was rather short, so we had to make significant change in economics during the short period, in order to achieve social and economic cohesion in Lithuania. During 2004-2006 and 2006-2013 great investments of Lithuanian and the EU assets were intended in the Single Programming Document. This plays the main role in creating conditions for growth, which will allow Lithuania to realize its potential. It is important to emphasize, that new members of the European Union experience pressure to learn the rules and intercept experience during very short time. Rules and experience of structural funds that exist today were developed since the end of the eighth decade, so the old EU members had more than ten years to adapt national systems to structural policy of the EU and to reforms of the changing system. It may be said that member states have almost "optimal", but different models of administration of structural and cohesion funds, whereas new members had to intercept system of implementation, which was used by member states of the EU for a rather long time.
