Suchergebnisse

Páramos and high mountain ecosystems are widely recognized in Colombia due to their distinguished value in biological and social terms, as well as their relevance in the supply of ecosystem services. The valuation presented here is founded on both scientific and traditional knowledge, in addition to the recent legal framework of the last decade. Although civil society and the high courts have played fundamental roles in the development of public policy for the conservation of such ecosystems, the close relation of society with these ecosystems is often overlooked. Through figures such as productive activities and the establishment of governmental land-use planning figures and social organizations, communities have been using such ecosystems during decades and in some cases centuries. Additionally, páramos are affected by global climate change. This document makes contributions towards the formulation of an integrated perspective about the territorial dynamics of the Colombian páramo and high mountain ecosystems, their present state, and future trends of change. For this purpose, the areas of páramo complexes inside the Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (National System of Protected Areas—Sinap for its initials in Spanish) and collective territories are identified, along with some of the challenges for land use planning and the conflicts associated with mining, agriculture, and cattle raising. These elements are analyzed to establish opportunities and difficulties in environmental governance of biodiversity and ecosystem services, a subject that is especially relevant in the scenario of the implementation of peace agreements in the country. ; Los páramos y la alta montaña en general cuentan con un vasto reconocimiento en el país gracias a su singularidad en términos biológicos y sociales, así como por su relevancia para la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Esta valoración tiene raíces profundas en el conocimiento científico y saberes de pueblos ancestrales, así como en la legislación de la presente década. ...

Rapid population growth, combined with inadequate and sometimes nonexistent territorial planning exert enormous pressure on river ecosystems in the world; contamination of water sources by domestic waste and industry, changes in the flow, uncontrolled fishing or diverting water for farmland irrigation, often compromise the ecological integrity of these ecosystems and their ability to provide ecosystem services (SE) to society. Current efforts to protect rivers have achieved important results in the protection of these ecosystems, however, the need to strengthen the legislative framework under which protection is sought is evident. This article presents a literature review of efforts to protect rivers in the world; seeks to contextualize the reader about different approaches on river ecosystems management, and emphasizes the need to strengthen environmental legislation to achieve lasting commitments and safeguard these ecosystems and the cultural, spiritual and social values associated . ; El acelerado crecimiento poblacional, junto con una insuficiente y a veces inexistente planeación territorial, ejercen una enorme presión sobre los ecosistemas fluviales en el mundo; la contaminación de fuentes de aguas con desechos domésticos y de la industria, las alteraciones en los caudales, la pesca descontrolada o la desviación de agua para riego agrícola, comprometen en muchos casos la integridad ecológica de estos ecosistemas y su capacidad de proveer servicios ecosistémicos (SE) a la sociedad. Las actuales iniciativas de protección de ríos observadas han logrado importantes resultados en la protección de estos ecosistemas; sin embargo, uno de los rasgos comunes identificados en las diferentes iniciativas analizadas a nivel mundial, lo constituye la necesidad de fortalecer el marco legislativo bajo el cual se busca su protección. Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de iniciativas de protección de ríos en el mundo; busca contextualizar al lector sobre los diferentes enfoques en materia de gestión de ...

The purpose of this study is to identify forest ecosystems that provide hydrological ecosystem services (HES) relevant for the adaptive capacity to climate change in the hydropower sector of Costa Rica. We assessed a methodological framework that considers spatial linkages between land use, capacity of the ecosystem to produce environmental services, and the utility that hydropower plants derive from those HES in a context of vulnerability to climatic events. Hydropower plants receive HES from 24% of the national territory, where forest cover represents 52% of land use. The watersheds of Rio Reventazón, Grande de Tárcoles and Grande de Terraba are the more important in terms of area providing HES. Approximately 70% of forest ecosystems identified during the course of this study providing HES to the hydropower sector are currently outside the national protected areas system. The results of this study are relevant for the implementation of adaptive management plans in forest ecosystems providing HES, and thus, improve the resilience to climate change in the hydropower sector.

The objective of this work was to identify forests that provide ES for the hydroelectric sector in Nicaragua, where the implementation of hydropower plants is getting stronger. The methodological framework considers vulnerability criteria at the watershed level, location and future power potential (MW) of hydroelectric plants, as well as land uses and their capacity to produce ES. The areas located in the upper watersheds of relevant hydroelectric projects are very sensible to climatic events; that gives evidence of the need to reduce hydropower sector's vulnerability, for example, through a better watershed and forest ecosystems management. Approximately 8,300 km2 of forest ecosystems and 1,425 km2 of perennial crops located in upper watersheds are considered of high and very high importance for hydroelectric power projects or plants. Additionally, less than 10% of forest ecosystems providing ES for hydroelectricity are within protected areas. The results confirm the need for ES users to get involved in forest management to improve the adaptive capacity in important areas to guarantee the ES flow in the future.

In 2012 the Societat de Historia Natural de Balears (The Natural History Society of the Balearic Islands) presented a monograph on the integrated management of beaches and dunes with a broad overview of the management analysed in European and Ibero-American countries, using different case studies as a reference. This volume establishes a scenario of scientific, technological and professional debate based on experiences and research work carried out on the coastline of Latin America and Europe, with almost 60 authors giving their point of view and experience about the integrated management of the coastline. This monograph is made up of 25 chapters on different subject matters ranging from theoretical and conceptual aspects to other points used in the management systems of dunes, which focus on different types of beaches and coastal environments. There are studies on the sustainable geoenvironmental management techniques of beach-dune systems, the present situation of the integrated beach management concept, both in Europe and in Caribbean countries, how dune systems react to the anthropic impact, the classification of coastal systems as a management tool, the space-time evolution of dune systems, the implementing legislation, and points associated with social behaviour parameters in different coastal scenarios that can all be consulted. ; La Societat de Historia Natural de Balears presentó en el año 2012 un monográfico sobre gestión integrada de playas y dunas con una visión amplia de la gestión analizada en países de Europa e Iberoamérica, tomando como referencia diferentes casos de estudio. Este volumen establece un escenario de debate científico, técnico y profesional basado en experiencias y trabajos de investigación en el ámbito litoral de Latinoamérica y Europa, con casi 60 autores que aportan su visión y experiencia sobre el manejo integrado del litoral. Este monográfico lo componen 25 capítulos de diversa temática, desde aspectos teóricos y conceptuales a aspectos aplicados en la gestión de sistemas ...

The present article reconstructs landscape transformation in the village of Quebrada Honda, Cogua-Cundinamarca, throughout the 20th Century. It analyses the cultural influences that underlay productive practices in the region and gives sense to resources appropriation, ecosystems management and the local community's strategies as opposed to agricultural modernization. In addition, it contextualizes the economic and political processes that frame the local dynamics giving rise to the landscapes transformation. Based on the achieved reconstruction, this article discusses some of the socio-environmental aspects of the current scenery, reflecting on the capacity of adaptation of local families, the importance of valuing their experiences within high mountain ecosystems and the reasons for their continued practice in these rural areas. ; El artículo reconstruye la transformación de los paisajes en la vereda de quebrada Honda, municipio de Cogua (departamento de Cundinamarca), a lo largo del siglo veinte. Analiza, sobre todo, las lógicas culturales que subyacen a las prácticas productivas y dan sentido a la apropiación de los recursos, el manejo de los ecosistemas y las estrategias campesinas frente a la modernización agrícola. Además, contextualiza los procesos económicos y políticos que enmarcaron las dinámicas en la vereda e imprimieron un ritmo a la transformación de los paisajes. Con base en la reconstrucción lograda, discute algunos aspectos del escenario socioambiental actual, reflexionando sobre la capacidad de adaptación de las familias campesinas, la importancia de valorar su experiencia con los ecosistemas de alta montaña y las razones de su continuidad en el campo.

Rapid population growth, combined with inadequate and sometimes nonexistent territorial planning exert enormous pressure on river ecosystems in the world; contamination of water sources by domestic waste and industry, changes in the flow, uncontrolled fishing or diverting water for farmland irrigation, often compromise the ecological integrity of these ecosystems and their ability to provide ecosystem services (SE) to society. Current efforts to protect rivers have achieved important results in the protection of these ecosystems, however, the need to strengthen the legislative framework under which protection is sought is evident. This article presents a literature review of efforts to protect rivers in the world; seeks to contextualize the reader about different approaches on river ecosystems management, and emphasizes the need to strengthen environmental legislation to achieve lasting commitments and safeguard these ecosystems and the cultural, spiritual and social values associated. ; El acelerado crecimiento poblacional, junto con una insuficiente y a veces inexistente planeación territorial, ejercen una enorme presión sobre los ecosistemas fluviales en el mundo; la contaminación de fuentes de aguas con desechos domésticos y de la industria, las alteraciones en los caudales, la pesca descontrolada o la desviación de agua para riego agrícola, comprometen en muchos casos la integridad ecológica de estos ecosistemas y su capacidad de proveer servicios ecosistémicos (SE) a la sociedad. Las actuales iniciativas de protección de ríos observadas han logrado importantes resultados en la protección de estos ecosistemas; sin embargo, uno de los rasgos comunes identificados en las diferentes iniciativas analizadas a nivel mundial, lo constituye la necesidad de fortalecer el marco legislativo bajo el cual se busca su protección. Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de iniciativas de protección de ríos en el mundo; busca contextualizar al lector sobre los diferentes enfoques en materia de gestión de ecosistemas fluviales y enfatiza en la necesidad de fortalecer la legislación ambiental para alcanzar compromisos duraderos que logren salvaguardar estos ecosistemas y los valores culturales, espirituales y sociales asociados.

The "Encoro do Con" Hydrobiological Field Station (EHEC) is a research centre of the USC which offers housing and the required facilities (laboratories, computer room, sampling gear, …) for the study of the freshwater habitats. The EHEC was created to provide research and education facilities to researchers of the University of Santiago de Compostela, other universities, government agencies, schools and other educational groups interested in freshwater biology. The core of the research at the EHEC is dedicated to freshwater ecosystems, focusing on biodiversity, ecotoxicology, pollution and water quality using aquatic organisms (biotic indicators), population management, aquaculture, control of non-indigenous freshwater species, and ecology of freshwater animals, mainly macroinvertebrates and fishes. The study of descriptive and functional Hydrobiology, through several research projects on the ecology of lentic and lotic freshwaters, is also the theoretical frame of reference for the programs of management, conservation and recovery of freshwater ecosystems. In this sense, the EHEC is intended to be a bridge for the collaboration between management and research bodies, a place to reach agreements based on a good understanding of processes occurring in freshwater ecosystems.

The "Encoro do Con" Hydrobiological Field Station (EHEC) is a research centre of the USC which offers housing and the required facilities (laboratories, computer room, sampling gear, …) for the study of the freshwater habitats. The EHEC was created to provide research and education facilities to researchers of the University of Santiago de Compostela, other universities, government agencies, schools and other educational groups interested in freshwater biology. The core of the research at the EHEC is dedicated to freshwater ecosystems, focusing on biodiversity, ecotoxicology, pollution and water quality using aquatic organisms (biotic indicators), population management, aquaculture, control of non-indigenous freshwater species, and ecology of freshwater animals, mainly macroinvertebrates and fishes. The study of descriptive and functional Hydrobiology, through several research projects on the ecology of lentic and lotic freshwaters, is also the theoretical frame of reference for the programs of management, conservation and recovery of freshwater ecosystems. In this sense, the EHEC is intended to be a bridge for the collaboration between management and research bodies, a place to reach agreements based on a good understanding of processes occurring in freshwater ecosystems.

Esta artículo, derivado de las discusiones fruto de varias investigaciones realizadas, tiene como objetivo proponer una acción de ruptura respecto a la dinámica devastadora de la humanidad ante los recursos ambientales y ecosistemas, para lo cual se propone la generación de "incertidumbres semilla" que actúan a modo de acciones pedagógicas de cambio instauradas desde la infancia como registros de acción, retroacción e interretroacción pedagógica-social. Para ello se plantea que la responsabilidad medioambiental y la reconciliación de la humanidad con los ecosistemas, emergen como constructos dialógicos de sentido ecologizante, por lo que deben ser apuntalados en el proceso educativo y (de)construidos en quienes alteran la organización de los sistemas vivos.

25 páginas : gráficos. ; A un año de la firma del Acuerdo para la Terminación Definitiva del Conflicto el gobierno colombiano se encuentra frente a un escenario de incertidumbre respecto a la planificación del territorio nacional. Bajo este argumento el Ordenamiento Territorial del país es uno de los aspectos más importantes para poner en marcha la Reforma Rural Integral contenida en el Acuerdo, en el cual se implementarán medidas de zonificación para determinar las áreas de interés ecológico y de desarrollo sostenible, y ejecutar programas de seguridad alimentaria, que, entre otros, terminarán con el conflicto, la desigualdad y la pobreza del país. Por esto nace la necesidad de analizar el papel que juega la restauración ecológica - rehabilitación, recuperación y restauración - en el ordenamiento y planeación del territorio, además de su incidencia en procesos de concertación entre actores clave. Así que, se realizó un análisis y evaluación del Ordenamiento Territorial, los Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial y la zonificación como herramientas para la construcción de la paz y como esto constituye unos retos y oportunidades para la restauración ecológica en el posconflicto. Lo anterior teniendo en cuenta los departamentos y municipios priorizados por diferentes entidades y las áreas susceptibles de restauración determinadas por el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. ; After a year of the signing of the Agreement for the Definitive Termination of the Conflict, the Colombian government is faced an uncertainty scenario in the planning of the national territory. Under this argument the territorial zoning of the country is one of the most important aspects for the Integral Rural Reform contained in the agreement, in which zoning measures will be implemented to determine areas of ecological interest and sustainable development, and for the execution of food security programs, which will end the country's conflict, inequality and poverty. This is why has been analyzed the role played by ecological restoration - recovery, rehabilitation and restoration – in the territorial ordering, and planning, as well as its incidence in process of consensus between key actors. So, an analysis and evaluation of Territorial Zoning, Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial and zoning were carried out as tools for the construction of peace and how this constitutes challenges and opportunities for ecological restoration in the post-conflict. Taking into account the departments and municipalities prioritized by different entities and the areas susceptible to restoration determined by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.

Due to the current importance of sustainability, new models of sustainable tourism are indemand. This paper presents a theoretical model that analyzes the role of tourism destinationsand clusters as sustainable tourism ecosystems. It is an approach to the concept and structuralfunctional and competitive characteristics of destinations and tourism clusters. In addition,the phenomenon of sustainable business ecosystems is examined. In order to analyze whetherdestinations and tourism clusters are sustainable tourism ecosystems, a systems analysis ofthe different stakeholders present in any tourism system and how they influence and areinfluenced to achieve sustainable tourism is performed. We concluded that tourist destinations,understood as clusters, are configured as sustainable ecosystems in which the behavior ofeach of the actors involved leads to sustainable operation and behavior at the destinationlevel. A set of recommendations for governments, institutions and firms and a series of linesof future research are included. ; Debido a la importancia actual de la sostenibilidad se demandan nuevos modelos de turismosostenible. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo teórico que analiza el papel de los destinosy clusters turísticos como ecosistemas turísticos sostenibles. Se realiza una aproximaciónal concepto y características estructurales, funcionales y competitivas de los destinos yclusters turísticos. Además, se examina el fenómeno de los ecosistemas empresarialessostenibles. Para analizar si los destinos y los clusters turísticos son ecosistemas turísticossostenibles se desarrolla un análisis de sistema de los diferentes stakeholders presentes entodo sistema turístico y cómo influyen y están influidos para lograr un turismo sostenible.Concluimos que los destinos turísticos, entendidos como clusters, se configuran comoecosistemas sostenibles en los que los comportamientos de cada uno de los actores que losintegran conducen hacia un funcionamiento y comportamiento sostenible a nivel de destino.Se recogen un ...

In an era dominated by strong anthropogenic transformations, the search for new approaches to reconcile human activities and natural ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. In this sense, the concepts of "Ecosystem Services" and "Socio-Ecological Systems" are increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and are taken into account in political spheres to draw attention to the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems. These concepts lead to the study of complex links between society and nature, where the spatial dimension and landscape characteristics have a strong influence. However, few studies have been applied in a spatial approach.This thesis presents a research on the spatial dimension of Ecosystem Services, in particulary those of the temperate forests of the mountains on the periphery of Mexico City. Ecosystems have an important role to the human well-being through many ecosystem services. These Ecosystem Services are the result of complex interactions between nature and society.The Central Valley (central zone) of Mexico is a priority area for biodiversity conservation due to the high degree of endemism of the fauna and flora species present. In this zone where several protected natural areas are located, a public-private initiative is seeking to create a new conservation category that includes the management of all these areas. This initiative is known as the "Bosque de Agua" (Water Forest). However, in the "Bosque de Agua" the spatial stakes between nature and society are subject to strong anthropic pressures which are due to mining and agricultural activities and to the urban spread of large conurbations. In this space, these pressures lead to the degradation of natural ecosystems. Research is needed to analyse the spatial dimension of interactions between nature and society, by studying the synergy between Socio-Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Services.The thesis introduces the conceptual framework used to study the links between Ecosystem Services and Socio-Ecological Systems. It ...