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The purpose of this study was to find out the progress in the research of technology ecosystems and digital business ecosystems and to combine that information for business purposes by the utilization of information about business ecosystems. The need for this information emerged at the Department of Information Processing Science in the context of European Union research projects. The information gained is expected to assist to increase possibilities both for the research and for the personal competence to work with enterprises in new kinds of technology environments. The main research question to be answered in this study was: How are technology ecosystems and digital business ecosystems for business perceived and approached in the literature? Instead of a systematic review, a method of systematic mapping was selected to structure the selected research areas for getting a broad overview over the two streams of research, and for identification the possible research evidence. To answer the main question the following subquestions were set for both systematic mapping studies: RQ1 Which journals include papers on technology ecosystems / digital business ecosystems for business? RQ2 What are the most investigated topics of technology ecosystems / digital business ecosystems and how have these changed over time? RQ3 What are the most frequently applied research approaches and methods, and in what study context? Based on structuring the selected research areas according to the set subquestions, broad overviews were established presenting findings. Based on the identification and evaluation of publication channels the forums for discussion were exposed. Based on the identification of topics and their evolution the trends of discussion were exposed. Based on the identification of research types the non-empirical and the empirical research were exposed. Found research evidence and found solution proposals (from non-empirical research) were discussed and the need for further research was considered. The main contribution of this mapping study was the identification of different perceptions of two vague concepts, technology ecosystem and digital business ecosystem, and notion of their convergence and interlace over time (especially in relation to the exposed scarce research evidence). The recommendations for future research were set based on the found empirical research and solution proposals, as well as limitations of this study.

Europe is investing significant resources in research and technology development of 5G networks through the 5G Private Public Partnership (5G PPP). In addition to various scientific and technological topics, the effort focuses on societal and business challenges creating value with 5G networks. This white paper discusses 5G ecosystems as a prerequisite for value creation for and by the engaged stakeholders and return of investment as a potential award for the engagement. A clear identification of 5G stakeholders supports the creation and evolution of the 5G ecosystems by characterising the potential role that each actor can assume. The identified stakeholder groups include 5G industry and research organisations, vertical sectors' firms, complementor firms, as well as organisations and associations of providers and consumers active in the value network representing the interests of a larger collection of firms and organisations. Those stakeholder groups include both small and medium enterprises (SME) and larger companies, and whenever relevant academic institutions. In addition, standards organisations, open-source organisation and policy makers are an inherent part of the 5G ecosystems, as are governmental agencies at regional, national and European level that support the creation of value in the 5G ecosystems though funding or procurement of innovations. In general, an ecosystem is a complex network of interacting cross-industry actors who work together and are dependent on each other to define, build and deliver value creating customer solutions. The depth and breadth of potential collaborations among actors defines the ecosystem with each actor delivering a piece of the solution or a contribution to the strength of the ecosystem. The power of the ecosystem comes from the fact that no single actor needs to own or operate all components of a solution, with the value of the ecosystem being greater than the combined value of each actor. A 5G ecosystem can be decomposed into two main aspects: (a) the network ...

Within knowledge‐oriented, digital‐enabled economies and open societies cities as communities, governments, businesses and people cooperate to co‐create value and develop innovation for sustainable growth. Digital business ecosystems should enable value creation and development. Technology opens new opportunities for knowledge sharing and value creation and stresses the concept of business and digital ecosystem. Information and communication technology supports sustainability and provides a platform for designing and implementing sustainable development within the society. Smart cities as communities, small and medium‐sized enterprises as companies developing innovation and governments going digital contribute to designing sustainable digital ecosystems. People, businesses, cities, communities and public organizations should contribute to co‐creating value within society. Within digital business ecosystems cities, communities, governments' agencies, businesses, civil society and people interact directly by promoting new ways for sustainable and responsible development. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

During February 2000, the Churchill Northern Studies Centre hosted the Fourth Circumpolar Ecosystems Conference and Workshop. ., the objective of the Circumpolar Ecosystems meeting was to bring together Northerners and scientists to exchange information and discuss relevant options for sharing indigenous knowledge and scientific research. This has been done in the traditional winter environment that dominates northern processes and lifestyles. A number of themes were developed at the meeting. One theme was adaptation to the changing climate. Although in general the ongoing warming has brought a decline in the period of annual snow and ice cover, the timing of seasons has become unpredictable. Changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation have been associated with a greater input of contaminants from southern latitudes, which is a major cause of concern. Another theme was that the approach to the coastal marine environments must be consolidated. For example, aspects of the Hudson Bay ecosystem involve the jurisdictions of three provinces and one territory, as well as aboriginal, federal, and international jurisdictions. It was suggested that a cooperative framework is needed in approaching systems like that of Hudson Bay. The final theme was that we need strong north-south communication and the establishment of a comprehensive northern ecological monitoring and assessment network in support of the issues relating to the other themes. The discussions relating specifically to Hudson Bay have been published by the Churchill Northern Studies Centre (2000) as a report entitled "Addressing Climate Change in Hudson Bay: An Integrated Approach." .