Bonnici writes about the political and religious aspects of the Maltese islands during the 16th and 17th century with specific reference to their collections inside the Vatican Library. He also mentions the collections left by the Barberini family, who have contributed greatly to the history of the Maltese islands. ; N/A
Since Malta was governed by foreigners for years, laws and legislation among other aspects of life were influenced by multiple cultures. Ever since the 16th century we find printed copies such as Codice di Manoel de Vilhena o Leggi e Costituzioni Prammaticali nel 1724, and Codice de Rohan o Diritto Municipale di Malta. The author studies recorded cases of forensic psychiatry related to criminal matters committed by people suffering from mental illness over a period of 3 centuries ; peer-reviewed
Summarium Postquam super administrationis actibus in Ecclesiae ordinatione controlem iurisdictionale institutum et de quaestionibus ei adnexis doctrinale studium (a Vaticano 11 incitatum) subsecutum est, canonistarum attentio etiam comprehendit alias partes iuris administrativi, procedimentum praesertim administrativum_ Hoc institutum varia munera gerit vel in administrationis actuositatem in se, expedit enim organum agens ut maiori notitia ac cogitatione deliberet, vel in eos qui administrantur, eis enim praebet occasionem communicandi gressus parantes procedimentos. Communicatione procedimenti ii qui administrantur (vel singillatim vel in socialibus conventis per SUOs repraesentantes), praecisa crebro necessitate gradus contentiosi ad impugnationem, sua iura satius tueri possunt et opus collaborationis et participationis in administrativa functione adhibere. • Omnes eiusmodi aspectus prae oculis habendi sunt in ordinamento canonico, in quo peculiare momentum assumit fidelium participatio muneris regendi, instrumento pro ecclesialis communionis aedificatione. Fidelium participatio in procedimento iam provisa est in vigenti lure Canonico et fraequentior in postconciliari legislatione tendit. Administrationis activitatem moderari optime videtur fieri per legem generalem de procedimento, Sicut in pluribus europaeae civilizationis nationibus contigit et Pontificia Commissio Codici iuris canonici recognoscendo facere conatur. Schema autem Canonum ab hac Commissione confectum se continet in quibusdam definiendis cautionibus pro iuribus individuorum, nulla sollicitudine pro maiori fidelium participatione ne in administrativa functione augenda. --- Abstract After the institutioll of the jurisdictional control over the administrative processes in the jurdical system of the Church, and the inmediate doctrinal interest (stimulated by the Vatican 11) for all the problems related with it, the attention of the specialists in Canon Law has al so been extended to several other branches of the administrative law, particularly, the administrative procedure. This Institute has different functions: it is envolved in the administrative activity itself because it helps the competent agent to deliberate with more precision and reflection. In what refers to the private individuals, the Institute gives them an opportunity to intervene in the preparatory phase of the procedure. Therefore, the private individuals (or social groups through their representatives) can protect their own rights better, frequently avoiding the contentious phase of the impugnation. The private individuals cooperate and participate in the administrative function. AII these aspects must also be present in the canonical system in which the participation of the faithful in the munus regendi has a very special importante as an instrument for the construction of the ecc!esiastical comnrunio. The participation of the faithfui in the procedure has already been foreseen in the Canon Law in force, and it tends to be more frequent in the post-conciliar legislation. It seems that the best way of organising the administrativeactivity consists in a general law on the procedure, as it has happened in many countries, and as the Pontificia Commissio Codici iuris canonici recognoscendo is trying to do. However, the Schema Canonum elaborated by this Comission limits itself to set some guarantees for the rights of the individuals, without worrying about fosterihg a greater participation of the faithful in the administrative function.
The pol'al thought of Mosca underwent an evolution which led it from the anti-parliamentary & anti-democratic polemics of his first writings to an overtly liberal position in his more mature yrs. In effect, the 2 themes which make up the key of his system and upon which his fame rests, `pol'al class' & `pol'al formula' (which we are more apt to designate as `elites' & `ideology') are treated in his earlier works in a clearly anti-democratic sense. Experience & more extensive study of the parliamentary system later produced a more favorable attitude & the concept of `judicial defense' which is at the heart of the defense of individual liberties. It is thus that Mosca adheres to the liberal tradition & to an original interpretation of democracy. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.