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The subject of this paper is development of usability monitoring principles for Lithuanian state institutions websites. After analyzing usability evaluation methods suggested by J. Nielsen and international Usability Professionals' Association and practice of usability monitoring in public sector of Great Britain, Norway, Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand, it was decided to recommend Lithuanian state institutions to use heuristic usability evaluation. In addition, as usability monitoring is closely connected with websites management, main principles of state institutions website management with integrated usability monitoring and usability recommendations were defined. The reason for this research was lack of usability monitoring principles for Lithuanian state institutions websites. According to most recent computer literacy research performed in the end of 2005, Lithuanian state institutions websites are not very widely used. In addition, the main legal document Common Requirements for State Institutions Websites setting basic principles for Lithuanian state institutions websites development doesn't define enough of usability requirements and even doesn't mention usability monitoring. As usability monitoring is considered to be a part of websites management, United Kingdom Government recommendations for state websites management were analyzed and used for defining Lithuanian state websites management principles. The main principles for usability monitoring were defined and usability monitoring was integrated with websites management process. Analysis has shown that public websites usability monitoring differs from private sector websites usability monitoring because of different websites context that sets the goals for websites. Furthermore, analysis has shown that the best usability evaluation methods for Lithuanian state institutions websites is heuristic evaluation because it is relatively simple, flexible and doesn't require much costs. In addition, it is mostly used in public sector of reviewed countries. Heuristic evaluation depends on heuristic model (set). Implemented heuristic model for evaluating Lithuanian state institutions websites encompasses basic state institutions website components: contents, contents presentation, and user interface. Proposed model consists of 61 heuristics. Some of these heuristics may be verified using software tools. Proposed methods should be used in usability monitoring process as a part of websites management. The methods allow evaluating usability effectively, comprehensively and reliably because it has been integrated with websites management (that means management of monitoring is clearly defined), it has been developed considering websites model and context (that means it is comprehensive), and it is based on mathematical relations. Principles for Lithuanian state websites usability monitoring were used during experimental evaluating of 15 Lithuanian state institutions websites. The results of experiment showed that Lithuanian state institutions websites have usability gaps and usability recommendations for these websites were defined. It will be recommended to Information Society Development Committee under the Government of Republic of Lithuania to use these recommendations when updating Common Requirements for state institutions websites. This paper might be useful for persons working in Lithuanian state institutions and responsible for websites, students of information technologies sciences who are interested in public sector websites and Information Society Development Committee under the Government of Republic of Lithuania which is responsible for updating Common Requirements for state institutions websites.

Befristeter Arbeitsvertrag in Litauen und in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten: Vergleichsanalyse The fixed-term contract in Lithuania and European Union member states: comparative analysis Das Institut Arbeitsvertrag, darunter auch befristeter Arbeitsvertrag, ist eines der wichtigsten Rechtsinstitute. Einen Arbeitsvertrag kann man als Entstehung der Grundlage für Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis betrachten und angesichts davon, dass die Schließung von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen sehr gängig in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten ist, kann es dazu kommen, dass demnächst auch in Litauen der befristete Arbeitsvertrag zu einem Mittel, der flexible Arbeitsbedingungen gewährleistet, wird. Die Vergleichsanalyse des befristeten Arbeitsvertrags in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien dient zur Aufdeckung von Vorteilen und Nachteilen der Regelung dieses Rechtsinstituts. Bemerkenswert ist das, dass der wesentliche Unterschied der Regulierung der Institute in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien nicht nur mit der unterschiedlichen Struktur der Hauptquellen des Arbeitsrechtes des zu vergleichenden Staates verbunden ist, sondern auch mit dem Wirtschaftsentwickelungsniveau des Staates, sozialen Bedürfnissen und der Rechtsgessinung der Bürger der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten, was einen namhaften Einfluss auf die Festsetzung der strikteren (wie in Litauen) oder flexibeler (wie in Deutschland und Großbritannien) Bedingungen bei der Schließung eines befristeten Arbeitsvertrags hat. Offensichtlich, obwohl die meisten Arbeitsvertragsnormen im Arbeitsgesetzbuch der Republik Litauen nach den internationalen Rechtsakten der EU abgestimmt sind, aber im Vergleich mit der Rechtsbasis von Deutschland und Großbritannien, die den befristeten Arbeitsvertrag regeln, ist es zu erkennen, dass für den litauischen Arbeitsgesetzbuch mehr strengere Regulierung des befristeten Arbeitsrechtsinstitutes kennzeichnend sind, dass nur von einem kleinen Fortschritt der Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis seit der Sowjetzeit, als noch staatliche planmäßige Arbeitsverhältnisse herrschten, zeugt.

Befristeter Arbeitsvertrag in Litauen und in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten: Vergleichsanalyse The fixed-term contract in Lithuania and European Union member states: comparative analysis Das Institut Arbeitsvertrag, darunter auch befristeter Arbeitsvertrag, ist eines der wichtigsten Rechtsinstitute. Einen Arbeitsvertrag kann man als Entstehung der Grundlage für Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis betrachten und angesichts davon, dass die Schließung von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen sehr gängig in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten ist, kann es dazu kommen, dass demnächst auch in Litauen der befristete Arbeitsvertrag zu einem Mittel, der flexible Arbeitsbedingungen gewährleistet, wird. Die Vergleichsanalyse des befristeten Arbeitsvertrags in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien dient zur Aufdeckung von Vorteilen und Nachteilen der Regelung dieses Rechtsinstituts. Bemerkenswert ist das, dass der wesentliche Unterschied der Regulierung der Institute in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien nicht nur mit der unterschiedlichen Struktur der Hauptquellen des Arbeitsrechtes des zu vergleichenden Staates verbunden ist, sondern auch mit dem Wirtschaftsentwickelungsniveau des Staates, sozialen Bedürfnissen und der Rechtsgessinung der Bürger der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten, was einen namhaften Einfluss auf die Festsetzung der strikteren (wie in Litauen) oder flexibeler (wie in Deutschland und Großbritannien) Bedingungen bei der Schließung eines befristeten Arbeitsvertrags hat. Offensichtlich, obwohl die meisten Arbeitsvertragsnormen im Arbeitsgesetzbuch der Republik Litauen nach den internationalen Rechtsakten der EU abgestimmt sind, aber im Vergleich mit der Rechtsbasis von Deutschland und Großbritannien, die den befristeten Arbeitsvertrag regeln, ist es zu erkennen, dass für den litauischen Arbeitsgesetzbuch mehr strengere Regulierung des befristeten Arbeitsrechtsinstitutes kennzeichnend sind, dass nur von einem kleinen Fortschritt der Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis seit der Sowjetzeit, als noch staatliche planmäßige Arbeitsverhältnisse herrschten, zeugt.

Befristeter Arbeitsvertrag in Litauen und in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten: Vergleichsanalyse The fixed-term contract in Lithuania and European Union member states: comparative analysis Das Institut Arbeitsvertrag, darunter auch befristeter Arbeitsvertrag, ist eines der wichtigsten Rechtsinstitute. Einen Arbeitsvertrag kann man als Entstehung der Grundlage für Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis betrachten und angesichts davon, dass die Schließung von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen sehr gängig in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten ist, kann es dazu kommen, dass demnächst auch in Litauen der befristete Arbeitsvertrag zu einem Mittel, der flexible Arbeitsbedingungen gewährleistet, wird. Die Vergleichsanalyse des befristeten Arbeitsvertrags in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien dient zur Aufdeckung von Vorteilen und Nachteilen der Regelung dieses Rechtsinstituts. Bemerkenswert ist das, dass der wesentliche Unterschied der Regulierung der Institute in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien nicht nur mit der unterschiedlichen Struktur der Hauptquellen des Arbeitsrechtes des zu vergleichenden Staates verbunden ist, sondern auch mit dem Wirtschaftsentwickelungsniveau des Staates, sozialen Bedürfnissen und der Rechtsgessinung der Bürger der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten, was einen namhaften Einfluss auf die Festsetzung der strikteren (wie in Litauen) oder flexibeler (wie in Deutschland und Großbritannien) Bedingungen bei der Schließung eines befristeten Arbeitsvertrags hat. Offensichtlich, obwohl die meisten Arbeitsvertragsnormen im Arbeitsgesetzbuch der Republik Litauen nach den internationalen Rechtsakten der EU abgestimmt sind, aber im Vergleich mit der Rechtsbasis von Deutschland und Großbritannien, die den befristeten Arbeitsvertrag regeln, ist es zu erkennen, dass für den litauischen Arbeitsgesetzbuch mehr strengere Regulierung des befristeten Arbeitsrechtsinstitutes kennzeichnend sind, dass nur von einem kleinen Fortschritt der Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis seit der Sowjetzeit, als noch staatliche planmäßige Arbeitsverhältnisse herrschten, zeugt.

Befristeter Arbeitsvertrag in Litauen und in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten: Vergleichsanalyse The fixed-term contract in Lithuania and European Union member states: comparative analysis Das Institut Arbeitsvertrag, darunter auch befristeter Arbeitsvertrag, ist eines der wichtigsten Rechtsinstitute. Einen Arbeitsvertrag kann man als Entstehung der Grundlage für Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis betrachten und angesichts davon, dass die Schließung von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen sehr gängig in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten ist, kann es dazu kommen, dass demnächst auch in Litauen der befristete Arbeitsvertrag zu einem Mittel, der flexible Arbeitsbedingungen gewährleistet, wird. Die Vergleichsanalyse des befristeten Arbeitsvertrags in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien dient zur Aufdeckung von Vorteilen und Nachteilen der Regelung dieses Rechtsinstituts. Bemerkenswert ist das, dass der wesentliche Unterschied der Regulierung der Institute in Litauen, Deutschland und Großbritannien nicht nur mit der unterschiedlichen Struktur der Hauptquellen des Arbeitsrechtes des zu vergleichenden Staates verbunden ist, sondern auch mit dem Wirtschaftsentwickelungsniveau des Staates, sozialen Bedürfnissen und der Rechtsgessinung der Bürger der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten, was einen namhaften Einfluss auf die Festsetzung der strikteren (wie in Litauen) oder flexibeler (wie in Deutschland und Großbritannien) Bedingungen bei der Schließung eines befristeten Arbeitsvertrags hat. Offensichtlich, obwohl die meisten Arbeitsvertragsnormen im Arbeitsgesetzbuch der Republik Litauen nach den internationalen Rechtsakten der EU abgestimmt sind, aber im Vergleich mit der Rechtsbasis von Deutschland und Großbritannien, die den befristeten Arbeitsvertrag regeln, ist es zu erkennen, dass für den litauischen Arbeitsgesetzbuch mehr strengere Regulierung des befristeten Arbeitsrechtsinstitutes kennzeichnend sind, dass nur von einem kleinen Fortschritt der Arbeitsrechtsverhältnis seit der Sowjetzeit, als noch staatliche planmäßige Arbeitsverhältnisse herrschten, zeugt.

The article presents the main outcomes of the NAS-ITIP project (FRAMEWORK'5) on the situation of intermodal transport in new European Union states. The main measures for the development of intermodal transport in these countries are highlighted: modernisation and development of intermodal infrastructure; innovative technologies; establishment of modern logistics centres. Recommendations to EC and national governmental institutions for the development of intermodality are proposed.

The article presents the main outcomes of the NAS-ITIP project (FRAMEWORK'5) on the situation of intermodal transport in new European Union states. The main measures for the development of intermodal transport in these countries are highlighted: modernisation and development of intermodal infrastructure; innovative technologies; establishment of modern logistics centres. Recommendations to EC and national governmental institutions for the development of intermodality are proposed.

The aim of this article is to explore the educational philosophy as the essential part of classical and modern philosophy which has the main branches and uses as a basis for the general determination, interpretation and evaluation of educational problems. The article seeks to estimate the relations between educational theory and practice. Educational theory approaches a set of assumptions and scientific principles and serves as a basis for projecting hypotheses which suggest a course of action. The relations between educational theory and practice are described independently as seeing the theory gives directions to practice, and practice makes it possible to validate or invalidate educational concepts and proposals. Analyses of the philosophical approach of education enable to come to the conclusion that educational practices cannot proceed without theory and theory in its turn is empty without practice. The task of the article is to define the way how the teacher's views and system of beliefs are influenced by philosophy. Philosophy has to help the teacher realize that the goal of education is not merely passing a limited amount of knowledge to the students, but rather developing an integrated personality. As the article shows, the philosophy of education guides the educational practice by strengthening the understanding of the concept of the whole person, his values, and by establishing the aims of education and projecting the basic way in which these ends can be reached. If teachers did not perceive the goals aiming at values, they employed no distinctively educational criteria, and they could not even identify educative practice. This paper shows that the teacher's views, priorities, values express the overall attitude towards education as well as have a great influence on his / her working practice and the teaching results.

The aim of this article is to explore the educational philosophy as the essential part of classical and modern philosophy which has the main branches and uses as a basis for the general determination, interpretation and evaluation of educational problems. The article seeks to estimate the relations between educational theory and practice. Educational theory approaches a set of assumptions and scientific principles and serves as a basis for projecting hypotheses which suggest a course of action. The relations between educational theory and practice are described independently as seeing the theory gives directions to practice, and practice makes it possible to validate or invalidate educational concepts and proposals. Analyses of the philosophical approach of education enable to come to the conclusion that educational practices cannot proceed without theory and theory in its turn is empty without practice. The task of the article is to define the way how the teacher's views and system of beliefs are influenced by philosophy. Philosophy has to help the teacher realize that the goal of education is not merely passing a limited amount of knowledge to the students, but rather developing an integrated personality. As the article shows, the philosophy of education guides the educational practice by strengthening the understanding of the concept of the whole person, his values, and by establishing the aims of education and projecting the basic way in which these ends can be reached. If teachers did not perceive the goals aiming at values, they employed no distinctively educational criteria, and they could not even identify educative practice. This paper shows that the teacher's views, priorities, values express the overall attitude towards education as well as have a great influence on his / her working practice and the teaching results.

The goal of this paper is to analyse the political discourse of one among the most influential thinkers of Islamic resurgence movement, Hasan al-Banna, who is frequently considered the father of contemporary radical movements advocating the must for the Islamic state what is due to extra-legal activities of his created Islamic organization "The Muslim Brotherhood" which was often taken as an organizational model by subsequent Islamic groups. The theoretical analysis, however, of the major principles that Hasan al-Banna employs in constructing foundations of the legitimate Islamic state reveals that his political theory is compromising and open to the basic values of Western democracy. This article seeks to shown how Hasan al-Banna reconstructs Islamic political theory by reworking the meanings of its basic foundations.

The goal of this paper is to analyse the political discourse of one among the most influential thinkers of Islamic resurgence movement, Hasan al-Banna, who is frequently considered the father of contemporary radical movements advocating the must for the Islamic state what is due to extra-legal activities of his created Islamic organization "The Muslim Brotherhood" which was often taken as an organizational model by subsequent Islamic groups. The theoretical analysis, however, of the major principles that Hasan al-Banna employs in constructing foundations of the legitimate Islamic state reveals that his political theory is compromising and open to the basic values of Western democracy. This article seeks to shown how Hasan al-Banna reconstructs Islamic political theory by reworking the meanings of its basic foundations.

The goal of this paper is to analyse the political discourse of one among the most influential thinkers of Islamic resurgence movement, Hasan al-Banna, who is frequently considered the father of contemporary radical movements advocating the must for the Islamic state what is due to extra-legal activities of his created Islamic organization "The Muslim Brotherhood" which was often taken as an organizational model by subsequent Islamic groups. The theoretical analysis, however, of the major principles that Hasan al-Banna employs in constructing foundations of the legitimate Islamic state reveals that his political theory is compromising and open to the basic values of Western democracy. This article seeks to shown how Hasan al-Banna reconstructs Islamic political theory by reworking the meanings of its basic foundations.

The goal of this paper is to analyse the political discourse of one among the most influential thinkers of Islamic resurgence movement, Hasan al-Banna, who is frequently considered the father of contemporary radical movements advocating the must for the Islamic state what is due to extra-legal activities of his created Islamic organization "The Muslim Brotherhood" which was often taken as an organizational model by subsequent Islamic groups. The theoretical analysis, however, of the major principles that Hasan al-Banna employs in constructing foundations of the legitimate Islamic state reveals that his political theory is compromising and open to the basic values of Western democracy. This article seeks to shown how Hasan al-Banna reconstructs Islamic political theory by reworking the meanings of its basic foundations.

The topic of globalization is certainly not new and has received major attention especially in the last few years. Globalization is a far-reaching phenomenon, penetrating into all spheres of social life. The success of Lithuanian economy and integration into the European Union and the global trade depend on inside and outside factors of globalization. Globalization refers to the growing integration of economies and societies around the world. The economic dimensions include increases in the flows of trade in goods, services, and capital, as well as mobility if individuals across the borders. Important features of globalization include its link to technological advances that is somewhat independent of governments, and loss of distinction between domestic and international policies. The main aim of this paper – to evaluate the situation and effect of globalization for the economies in the world and Lithuania, and present the suggestions how economic policies might be improved. In order to achieve the aim, the following tasks were formulated: 1. To explore conception of globalization among different theories in Lithuania and the world and present the main factors of globalization; 2. To analyze evaluation models of globalization and evaluate it in the world; 3. To present possible perspectives of economic policies and the main suggestions to make use of globalization advantages in the world and Lithuania. The major part of material consisted of the information gained from specialized publications, articles from newspapers, magazines. The analytical part of this study was based on the researches and analysis of different analysts and author's own opinion on globalization in the world. Graduation paper consists of the introduction, theoretical, analytical and perspectives parts, conclusions and proposals, list of literature sources, 15 tables, 9 pictures and 3 appendixes. Volume of the paper is 74 pages. List of literature includes 25 sources.

The topic of globalization is certainly not new and has received major attention especially in the last few years. Globalization is a far-reaching phenomenon, penetrating into all spheres of social life. The success of Lithuanian economy and integration into the European Union and the global trade depend on inside and outside factors of globalization. Globalization refers to the growing integration of economies and societies around the world. The economic dimensions include increases in the flows of trade in goods, services, and capital, as well as mobility if individuals across the borders. Important features of globalization include its link to technological advances that is somewhat independent of governments, and loss of distinction between domestic and international policies. The main aim of this paper – to evaluate the situation and effect of globalization for the economies in the world and Lithuania, and present the suggestions how economic policies might be improved. In order to achieve the aim, the following tasks were formulated: 1. To explore conception of globalization among different theories in Lithuania and the world and present the main factors of globalization; 2. To analyze evaluation models of globalization and evaluate it in the world; 3. To present possible perspectives of economic policies and the main suggestions to make use of globalization advantages in the world and Lithuania. The major part of material consisted of the information gained from specialized publications, articles from newspapers, magazines. The analytical part of this study was based on the researches and analysis of different analysts and author's own opinion on globalization in the world. Graduation paper consists of the introduction, theoretical, analytical and perspectives parts, conclusions and proposals, list of literature sources, 15 tables, 9 pictures and 3 appendixes. Volume of the paper is 74 pages. List of literature includes 25 sources.