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Aquest article, mitjançant les ciències polítiques i la pedagogia i l'estudi de cas de dues organitzacionsexpertes, el Community University Parnership Programme de la Universitat de Brighton i l'Oficina d'ApS de la Universitat de Barcelona, mira de fer una aproximació de diferents conceptes implícits en el partenariat educatiu, apostant per una intervenció educativa i social activa en la nostra comunitat en pro del desenvolupament comunitari.Aspectes que ens donen pistes per a possibles vincles socioeducatius en el futur. ; This article takes the political sciences and pedagogy and the case study of two expert organizations – the University of Brighton'sCommunity University Partnership Programme and the ApS Office at the Universitat de Barcelona – as the basis for examining a series of concepts implicit in the educational partnership, and setting out the case for active educational and social intervention inthe community in the interests of community development – factors which provide clues for possible socio-educational links in the future. ; Este artículo, mediante las ciencias políticas y la pedagogía y el estudio de caso de dos organizaciones expertas, el Community University Parnership Programme de la Universidadde Brighton y la Oficina de ApS de la Universidad de Barcelona, mira de hacer una aproximación de distintos conceptos implícitos en el partenariado educativo, apostando por una intervención educativa y social activa en nuestra comunidad en pro del desarrollo comunitario. Aspectos que nos dan pistas para posibles vínculos socioeducativos en el futuro.

The aim of the paper is to find out what is the effect of different types of government spending and taxes on economic growth in developed economies. The analysis is performed on a sample of 27 OECD countries in the period 1997-2011. It is based on the neoclassic growth model extended with the level of human capital and fiscal variables. Those include particular types of government spending (according to the COFOG classification) and taxes (according to the OECD classification), and state budget deficit. From a methodological point of view, panel data estimation is used. We support the view that only some types of government spending are growth-enhancing, and only if they are financed through indirect taxes. However, the results show that only expenditure on defense, education and health, and general public services may be labeled as productive. In addition, we show that direct taxes, especially corporate taxes, negatively affect the growth, also in case they are used to finance productive spending. Adapted from the source document.

Atès el seu nombre i la seva finalitat, i per a aportar un instrument més a la integració dels sectors exclosos, l'Estat espanyol va regular les empreses d'inserció a través de la Llei 44/2007, de 13 de desembre. La realització d'un TFG d'educació social ens vapermetre veure si són un instrument facilitador de la transició al treball i observar que, pel fet d'implicar la metodologia de l'animació sociolaboral, són un camp d'intervenciósocioeducativa per a l'educació social, si bé existeixen certes mancances pel que fa a la contextualització del paper i les funcions de l'educador/a social. ; On account of the number and purpose of the job integration agencies, and with a view to providing an additional impetus to the integration of disadvantaged sectors of society, the Spanish government passed Law 44/2007 of 13 December to regulate these firms. Our final-year degree project in Social Educationgave us an opportunity to see if they are an effective instrument in facilitating the transition to work and to observe that, when the methodology of socio-occupational animation is applied, they constitute a field of intervention for social education, despite the absence of certain aspects of contextualization of the roleand functions of the social educator. ; Debido a su número y a su finalidad, y para aportar un instrumento más a la integración de los sectores excluidos, el Estado españolreguló las empresas de inserción a través de la Ley 44/2007, de 13 de diciembre. La realización de un TFG de educación social nospermitió ver si son un instrumento facilitador de la transición al trabajo y observar que, al aplicar la metodología de la animaciónsociolaboral, son un campo de intervención socioeducativa para la educación social, si bien existen ciertas lagunas en cuanto a lacontextualización del papel y funciones del educador/a social.

Entre agosto y septiembre de 1991, los Países Bálticos forzaron su ruptura con la Unión Soviética, pocos meses antes de que ésta se desintegrara totalmente. A partir de ese momento, la recuperación de su independencia y soberanía nacional -fraguada por primera vez en la época de entreguerras y frustrada por el pacto germano-soviético de 1939-, así como la consolidación de la democracia y el Estado de Derecho y la economía social de mercado, fue de la mano de su aspiración de integración en la Unión Europea y en la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte. Después de más de una década de grandes transformaciones, tanto políticas como socioeconómicas, los tres Países Bálticos -Lituania, Estonia y Letonia- han logrado cumplir con éxito aquellos dos objetivos fundamentales para su futuro en paz, libertad, prosperidad y seguridad en el siglo XXI: el «retorno a Europa» en el marco de la Unión Europea y su vinculazión a la alianza militar euroatlántica dentro de la OTAN. ; Between August and September 1991, the Baltic States forced their break with the USSR, just a few months before the latter disintegrated. From that moment on, the recovery of national independence and sovereignty – first established during the inter-war period only to be thwarted by the pact between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 – as well as the consolidation of democracy, the rule of law and a market economy, were given impetus by their desire to join the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. After more than a decade of major transformations, both political and socio-economic in nature, the three Baltic States – Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia – have successfully achieved the two fundamental prerequisites for a future of peace, liberty, prosperity and security in the twenty-first century: their «return to Europe» as members of the European Union and their link with the Euro-Atlantic military alliance as members of NATO. ; El presente trabajo se inscribe en un proyecto de investigación (realizado conjuntamente con el prof. Dr. Ricardo Martín de la Guardia) sobre el ideal europeísta y su influencia en los países de la antigua Europa del Este en el camino de éstos hacia su integración en la Unión Europea. Dicho proyecto de investigación ha sido apoyado por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte mediante la vinculación del autor como «Salvador de Madariaga Fellow» al Instituto Universitario Europeo de Florencia en los años 1999 y 2003 (para este último año: Resolución de 28 de marzo de 2003, BOE 15 de abril de 2003).

This paper deals with the topic of measurement of education services. The main part of output of education services is considered to be non-market in the Czech Republic and it is estimated a sum of related costs. Deflation has been traditionally done using input method i.e. recalculation of each component separately. The main drawback of this method is an assumption of direct correlation between changes in inputs and changes in output. Productivity can not be estimated therefore output methods based on direct volume measurement are now preferred for individual services. Methodology of direct volume measurement of education services has been developed in the paper. This approach is based on number of students in detailed breakdown weighted by costs in order to include changes in the structure of fields of study. Estimates are available since 2004 as data sources are available. Besides estimates of development of non-market output development of all education services is estimated. Adapted from the source document.

The Roma minority is one of the most vulnerable social groups in Slovakia, they are affected by poverty and social exclusion. Most of the marginalized Roma face low education level, long-term unemployment and very low Incomes (they are mostly dependent on the social benefits). In this paper we focus on time preference rates of the marginalised poor Roma. The measurement of time discounting and present-biased preferences is based on standard methodology where the respondents are asked to choose between receiving smaller amounts earlier at the time of interviewing or larger amounts with three months delay. The same choices are asked at a future time frame (smaller amounts in six months and larger amounts in nine months). In order to control for potential confounds due to lower credibility the 'front end delay' method is introduced. According to the results there are almost 48 percent of people with time-inconsistent preferences (27 % have present-biased and 21 % future-biased preferences). Men and people with higher level of education are more likely to have consistent preferences than women and people with lower level of education. Adapted from the source document.

Nuclear energy - Iran - Government policy ; Nuclear weapons - Iran - Control ; Iran - Foreign relations

"This study deals with historic cultural contacts between Europeans and the Benin Empire, one of the most significant native African cultural centres between the 15th and the 17th century. The study focuses particularly on the development of the Benin Empire on the background of acculturation and diffusion of European cultural elements and complexes. The study describes the first contacts between Europeans and the Benin Empire and the subsequent business activities, including slave trade. Special attention is paid to European colonial expansion that culminated in the 1897 British invasion which led to the conquest of the Benin City. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the role of the exogenous cultural change and acculturation processes, which caused the fall of once a socially, economically, politically and culturally stable African empire." (author's abstract)

"This article deals with the relationship between public opinion and rumour from ancient times, through the Middle Ages and right up to today. It will examine the terms which were used and which often depended not just on a particular author but usually an entire social class. The most often used terms to describe opinion, fama and existimatio, occurred in the speeches of politicians which were presented as the valuable opinions of the elite whereas the concepts opinio, rumor or sermo were considered as low value and unreliable opinions of plebeians to whom the ruling classes attributed the spreading and creation of rumours. The concept of fama, more often fama publica, indicated in the Middle Ages a local network of knowledge, a mechanism for the collective evaluation of an individual. In this sense it played an important role in the courts of law. The issue of rumours is common to all subsequent historical periods because public opinion usually both generated, and was supported, by rumour. The article also puts forward a hypothesis why the all-powerful fama dissapeared from the courtrooms, why it lost its significance and became purely a rumour." (author's abstract)