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The scientific report presents the results of a monitoring study on the employment of youth with higher education, conducted in 2020 and capturing the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic.

Tam, Sin Yu Ophelia. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-209). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Scope of study --- p.1 ; The policy change in the context of the education system in Hong Kong --- p.4 ; Theoretical discussion and literature review --- p.10 ; Definition of terms --- p.10 ; Multicultural education --- p.16 ; Newspaper coverage of South Asians in Hong Kong --- p.22 ; My methodology and its problems --- p.26 ; My involvement in the field --- p.26 ; Areas of study --- p.30 ; Methodological problems --- p.32 ; Summary of chapters --- p.37 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Historical and Socioeconomic Context of South Asians in Hong Kong --- p.40 ; Introduction --- p.40 ; Socioeconomic situation of South Asians --- p.43 ; Occupational pattern --- p.43 ; Language spoken --- p.47 ; Educational attainment --- p.50 ; Discrimination and legislation --- p.56 ; Concluding remarks --- p.58 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Educational Opportunities and Education Systems for Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong --- p.60 ; Introduction --- p.60 ; Medium of instruction in history --- p.61 ; Education systems in Hong Kong for ethnic minorities --- p.69 ; Three types of schools based on the medium of instruction --- p.69 ; The fieldsite school - a case study --- p.75 ; The policy change --- p.80 ; The school place allocation system for ethnic minorities --- p.81 ; Concluding remarks --- p.84 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Views of the Education and Manpower Bureau --- p.87 ; Introduction --- p.87 ; Background --- p.88 ; Promoting integration --- p.90 ; School closer to home --- p.97 ; The principle of equal opportunities --- p.98 ; More choice of schools --- p.102 ; Concluding remarks --- p.104 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Views of the Concern Group --- p.107 ; Introduction --- p.107 ; "Background: The meaning of ""integration""" --- p.107 ; Better Chinese language skills? --- p.112 ; Lack of resources and long-term planning --- ...

Introduction. This article examines the legislative provisions of several countries regulating the right of organisations to carry out educational activities. This study aims to examine the international practices of licensing and authorisation in the field of education. Methods. The research involved uses the formal law method, systemic structural method, comparative law method, sociological/specific sociological method, and the law interpretation method. Results and Discussion. The materials collected during the study offer insights into the models of educational management used worldwide at the stage of establishing educational institutions. Licencing mechanisms in the field of education can be centralised or decentralised and can vary across the levels of education. The requirements established in a number of countries have much in common and generally apply to the staff of the educational institution, the premises, curricula, equipment, and financing. Conclusion. The findings of this study can be used by lawyers and researchers in their respective professional and research activities in the area of legislation regulating the education system. ; For citation: Vok MG. Foreign Practices of Licensing and Authorisation in the Field of Education. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2020;15(3):307-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-3.307-330

In the Decree of the President V. V. Putin of July 21, 2020 "On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030", there are two national goals that are directly related to the book and library business: the education of a harmoniously developed and socially responsible personality and the implementation of digital transformation of key sectors of the economy and social spheres. The Russian Bibliologos (book mind) has been creatively and collectively created over millennia. Cognition of the essence of the Bibliologos is a priority task of book and library science and library and information education today. The article examines the biological and social prerequisites of book communication, the dynamics of the development of the classical Bibliologos and the scientific and pedagogical foundations of the formation of the non-classical Bibliologos of the XXI century.The Bibliologos is understood as a biologically and socially determined intelligent productive force mastered by people in the process of hominization (humanization). The following functional definition is proposed: Bibliologos is the collective mind of a historically stable community of people who own the book culture, write and read books and are directly involved in the production of the bibliosphere. The Classical Bibliosphere is defined as a supersystem of book-communication systems that ensures the reproduction, preservation and further development of the national book culture. The structure of the bibliosphere is formed by socio-cultural institutions (systems, or branches of the book business), namely: publishing, printing industry, book trade, librarianship, bibliography. Each institute includes practice, education, science, special communication, management bodies. The branch problems of the bibliosphere are studied by related, but relatively independent, scientific and practical studies (bibliography, library science, records management, book history, bibliopolistics, editsiology, etc.), and bibliology is engaged in general problems – a complex science (or a complex of sciences) about books and books, as well as general document theory, or documentology. In addition to branch institutes, the bodies of the bibliosphere are: bibliophile socio-cultural movement; non-profit and commercial founders and voluntary associations; government authorities and censorship.The participation of the Russian Bibliologos and the library school in the implementation of the human-creative project as a national target is envisaged. Particular attention is paid to the European experience of modeling a new type of person, the historical project "Memory for the Future", cyber-socialization of the society of the future, topical issues of non-classical library and information education and the synthesis of book culture and digital culture of the XXI century. It is concluded that national security and the well-being of future generations depend on the non-classical Bibliosphere, in particular on national libraries and school librarians. ; В Указе Президента В. В. Путина от 21 июля 2020 г. «О национальных целях развития Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года» названы две национальные цели, имеющие непосредственное отношение к книжно-библиотечному делу: воспитание гармонично развитой и социально ответственной личности и цифровая трансформация ключевых отраслей экономики и социальной сферы. Российский Библиологос (книжный разум) коллективно создавался в течение тысячелетий. Познание сущности Библиологоса — приоритетная задача книжно-библиотечной науки и библиотечно-информационного образования в наши дни. В статье рассмотрены биологические и социальные предпосылки книжной коммуникации, динамика развития классического Библиологоса и научно-педагогические основы формирования неклассического Библиологоса XXI в.Библиологос – биологически и социально обусловленная разумная производительная сила, освоенная людьми в процессе гоминизации (очеловечивания). Предложено её функциональное определение.Классическая Библиосфера – суперсистема книжно-коммуникационных систем, обеспечивающая воспроизводство, сохранение и дальнейшее развитие национальной книжной культуры. Её структуру образуют социально-культурные институты (системы или отрасли книжного дела): издательское дело, полиграфическая промышленность, книжная торговля, библиотечное дело, библиографическое дело. Каждый институт включает практику, образование, науку, специальную коммуникацию, органы управления. Отраслевые проблемы библиосферы изучаются родственными, но относительно самостоятельными научно-практическими учениями (библиографоведение, библиотековедение, документоведение, история книги, библиополистика, эдициология и др.), а общей проблематикой –комплексная наука о книге и книжном деле – книговедение, а также общая теория документа, или документология.

The article, consisting of three thematic blocks, presents an interpretation of the main trends in the evolution of modern scientific and philosophical discussions on general problems of education and educational policy that continue with unabated intensity for the past two decades in Western analytical literature. The priority is given to the analysis of modern theories of education and their interrelations with the ancient tradition, which still affects the modern concepts of democracy and citizenship. The author also explores the various, sometimes diametrically opposed approaches of scientists to the analysis of the phenomenon of globalization and the causes of the crisis of traditional democratic institutions and educational systems. The review also presents critical assessments of the value of diverse studies, in which scholars clearly strive to revive and reinterpret both the classical philosophy of education of the XVIII-XIX centuries and the heritage of the greatest education theorists of the twentieth century.

The article reveals the problem of Patriotic education of young people, shape and conditions of formation of patriotism, purpose of military-Patriotic education. At present, in Russia, the understanding of patriotism is limited to the experience of the past centuries. The manifestation of patriotism can be expressed in various forms: pride for one's country, for one's people, respect for the history of one's own country, respect for traditions and values. Motivational characteristics of the activity, ideological and ideological readiness, moral and ethical stability, appraisal and critical attitude towards oneself and the surrounding people express the level of patriotic education of the individual. The tasks of patriotic upbringing and their realization in modern conditions are considered. The authors come to the conclusion that with the proper organization of the work of the state, various organizations, it is possible to achieve manifestation of patriotism among the citizens of the Russian Federation.

In the middle of the 18th century in Germany was the unique religious situation when within the limits of the state many different religions coexisted. It gave an impulse for German philosophers to concern the questions of religion politic and the conditions under which the harmonic coexistence of adherents of different religions within the limits of one state might be possible. The article considers two such projects - the project of Kant (presented above all in a later work "Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone" and in an earlier article "An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?") and the project of Mendelssohn (in the work "Jerusalem or on Religious Power and Judaism"). The positions of both philosophers have very many common features, what allows us to assume a certain influence of Mendelssohn if not on the origin of the ethic-religious views of Kant then at least on the direction Kant's views developed and on the form they were expressed.

The report analyzes the relationship between educational and socio-economic indicators using international statistics. Based on the analysis of international databases and a review of literary sources, hypotheses about the relationship between the indicators of educational systems and the effects of education for society, the economy and the individual are formed, methods of analysis are selected, indicators for analysis were chosen.