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There are two functions of the state liability principle. The first is to secure individual rights (including economic rights) from a wrongful act conducted by a government, and the second is to compensate for damage caused by the infringement of individual right. Economic right is inherently allowing an individual to pursue economic interest both domestically or globally. In order to accommodate this right, a government is obliged to provide trade rules and mechanisms for every individual to conduct their global economic activities by participating in the WTO. The objective of the WTO significantly corresponds to the individual's right in order to obtain trade benefits. Hence, when a government infringes trade rules and mechanisms underlined in WTO Law, it will directly restrict individuals from gaining trade benefits under the WTO or, moreover, it will restrain individuals from enjoying their inviolable economic rights. When the right is violated, and the damage occurs, it thus leads to the obligation for the government to compensate the damage according to the state liability principle. This article discusses the nexus between the state liability principle and WTO Law, in order to encourage national courts to exercise the function of state liability by referring to the infringement of economic rights caused by the violation of WTO Law.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of local government expenditure on education sector in districts and cities level of East Java, during the periods 2007-2014. Furthermore, this study will evaluate the impacts of local government expenditure, household expenditure for education, and regional product domestic bruto or (PDRB) on the educational outcomes, namely education index. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is selected as the methodology for analyzing the efficiency of local government expenditure on educational outcome. The model assumes constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). Measurement of the effectiveness of government spending is done by using panel data regression. Data for supporting the analyses is panel data from 38 districts and cities in East Java for the periods of 2007 – 2014. The results show that government expenditure in educational sector is relatively inefficient. Government Expenditure for Education (PPP) has no significant impact on educational index, while Household expenditure for education (PPRT) and GRDP per Capita positive has significant impact on the Education Index (IP). This imply that government expenditure for educational sector is not effective improving educational index.

Cash waqf is one of the instruments of Islamic Economics that is being assessed his progress. This research aims to know the role of BadanWakaf Indonesia (BWI) as government of waqf institution and Tabung Wakaf Indonesia (TWI) as private waqf institution, in empowerment of (cash waqf) education, and by results of research to draw up a model empowerment of cash waqf in the field of education.The research method used was qualitative methods.Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to explain how the empowerment model cash waqf are integrated in the BWI and the TWI for the education quality empowerment. The results showed that the integration of BWI and TWI is carried out by the Division of tasks and functions, namely BWI focus more on socializing on the cash waqafand nadzirtraining, while the TWI more on empowering education for maukuf 'alaih peace both in the quantity as well as quality.

Cash waqf is one of the instruments of Islamic Economics that is being assessed his progress. This research aims to know the role of BadanWakaf Indonesia (BWI) as government of waqf institution and Tabung Wakaf Indonesia (TWI) as private waqf institution, in empowerment of (cash waqf) education, and by results of research to draw up a model empowerment of cash waqf in the field of education.The research method used was qualitative methods.Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to explain how the empowerment model cash waqf are integrated in the BWI and the TWI for the education quality empowerment. The results showed that the integration of BWI and TWI is carried out by the Division of tasks and functions, namely BWI focus more on socializing on the cash waqafand nadzirtraining, while the TWI more on empowering education for maukuf 'alaih peace both in the quantity as well as quality.

United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country. ; United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.

This study aims to describe political participation and the factors influencing the political participation of novice voters in the Padang Mayor Election in 2018. This research was conducted to describe the political participation of novice voters in the Padang Mayor Election. Therefore, to describe the political participation of novice voter researchers spread a quetionnaire to 138 respondents. According to Ramlan, 1992; Ramli, (2010) Political participation can be interpreted as the participation of ordinary citizens in determining all decisions concering or affecting his life.This type of research is descriptive with research locations in the Kelurahan Pasar Ambacang. The population in this study amounted to 1.377 novice voters and a sample of 138 respondents with a sampling technique using simple random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaire, interviews and documentation, intruments and analyzed using triangulation. The results of the study of political participation in voting as much as 100%, political discussion 54,58%, of campaign activities 16,67%, form and join 0,24% interest groups and individual communication with political and administrative officials 5,31%. Novice voters at the time of voting use their voting right well. Factors influencing the political participation of novice voters are the curiosity of policies promised by the vision and mission of the candidate pair of mayors and the political awareness of the novice voter of the obligations as Indonesian citizens. It can be concluded from the results of the study of political participation of novice voters 35,36% included in the less category.Keywords: Political Participation, Novice Voters, The Election Of The Mayor

To run the bureaucratic engine, the position and role of the State Civil Apparatus as an element of the state apparatus has a considerable contribution in determining the success of National Development, both physical and non-physical. This is based on the fact that the State Civil Apparatus is the backbone of the country, so that the national goal of creating a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution is largely determined by the implementation of tasks imposed on the State Civil Apparatus. To realize these ideals, state apparatus are needed that are always consistent and consistent, clean, responsible, future-oriented and have a spirit of service and professionalism in the administration. This study aims to find out the influence of education and training on the performance of state civil apparatus. The method used in this study is product moment correlation analysis, simple linear regression analysis and analysis of determination. Based on the results of the analysis of determination, it can be seen that the Effect of Education and Training on State Civil Apparatus Performance is 86.86%. This means that there are 13.14% more than Education and Training affecting the Performance of the State Civil Apparatus in the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency. Thus, the hypothesis in this study is acceptable to the truth, namely "if Education and Training is getting better, the performance of the State Civil Apparatus in the Regional Financial Management and Asset Agency will also be better".

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether performance management system (PMS) has a positive effect on organizational performance. Furthermore, it also investigates whether intellectual capital (IC) mediates PMS-organizational performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study is designed as a quantitative research employing a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Using an online survey, data are collected from the HEIs managers under the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, the Government of Indonesia (MRTH-GOI). This research uses a mediation model approach to test the indirect effect of IC. Findings The results reveal that PMS has a positive direct effect on organizational performance of the HEIs in Indonesia. Further analysis proves that IC partially mediates PMS-organizational relationship. Research limitations/implications This research is context-specific for Indonesia and caution should be used when generalizing it to other countries. It implies that the better the organizational performance of the HEIs, the better the quality of life in the society. PMS and IC play a crucial role in the era of knowledge economy. Practical implications The HEIs managers should design and implement a reliable PMS. They also should properly manage the IC (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) so that they can enhance organizational performance in areas of teaching, research and community service as the core business of the HEIs. Social implications As the global education competition has become a serious issue in each HEI in Indonesia, the results of this study contribute to providing an approach on how to achieve a better organizational performance which brings more benefits to the society. The HEIs display a strategic role in improving the quality of life of society. The knowledge economy requires society to enhance the quality of education at all levels. This research model and results provide empirical evidence of the importance of IC which mediates the relationship between PMS and organizational performance. When the HEIs in Indonesia implement this model of managing IC, the society will get more benefits in terms of the improvements in the quality of education, teaching, research and community service from the HEIs. The better the HEIs performance, the better the quality of life of the society in the era of knowledge economy. Originality/value This research brings together issues that are usually examined separately in previous studies. It employs a mediation research model to explore the central role of IC in PMS- organizational performance relationship which is rarely researched. This is also the first study exploring the three constructs of PMS, IC and organizational performance in the Indonesian HEIs research setting.

Problems arising from the relationship between Islam (dîn) and politics (siyâsah) became the polemics among Muslim political thinkers that have not been completely solved up until now. Hence, it is difficult to identify which countriy such as Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, and Indonesia, that deserves to be a representation of an Islamic state. The consequence of different understandings about the relationship between Islam and politics – in the case in Indonesia- is the emergence of Indonesian Islamic State (NII). This movement attracted a number of responses from Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. Using a sociohistorical-politics approach in discussing these responses as they do not agree about the establishment of the NII, will lead to an understanding of coercion and oppression of understanding group that is different from other groups. ; Problems arising from the relationship between Islam (dîn) and politics (siyâsah) became the polemics among Muslim political thinkers that have not been completely solved up until now. Hence, it is difficult to identify which countriy such as Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, and Indonesia, that deserves to be a representation of an Islamic state. The consequence of different understandings about the relationship between Islam and politics – in the case in Indonesia- is the emergence of Indonesian Islamic State (NII). This movement attracted a number of responses from Indonesian Muslim intellectuals. Using a sociohistorical-politics approach in discussing these responses as they do not agree about the establishment of the NII, will lead to an understanding of coercion and oppression of understanding group that is different from other groups.

The declining attention of young voters on several aspects makes political education very vital for the sustainability of democracy in Indonesia. Political education for students who are young voters in this case are students of the Constitutional Law is considered important to increase their participation at the tertiary level, namely the election of DEMA (Student Executive Council) IAIN Madura. This study used an approach to students of the Constitutional Law study program, Islamic State Faculty of IAIN Madura through observation and interviews as well as data collection supported by document studies through several relevant kinds of literature so that data triangulation was then carried out to produce valid data. The results showed that in the aspect of students' initial knowledge about elections from several informants of the Constitutional Law study program students obtained data that they already had a good understanding of. Then on the aspect of student perspectives on campus politics, some of them do not know information about the election of the chairman of the DEMA (Student Executive Council) due to several reasons behind it. So then to increase student political participation in the election of the chairman of DEMA the author formulated three political stimuli, namely through learning political science courses, through campus organizations, and mass media.

The existing literature on Indonesia's foreign policy has excluded the state from the category of an agent which shapes the country's external affairs. This trend certainly ignores the notion that foreign policy is a unique state activity taking place in the interface between domestic and international politics. To fill the gap, this article explores the idea about the family state and looks at its influence on the conduct of Indonesia's international relations. The argument is that the family state pursues order in international society in which sovereignty can be maintained. Indonesia plays the role of an order-maker in Southeast Asia through the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The order-oriented actions are displayed by Jakarta's diplomacy to resolve border disputes with neighbouring countries in the region

The outbreak of the covid-19 outbreak is a significant threat in parts of the world, one of which is the Southeast Asia region. Facing these conditions, ASEAN as the largest regional institution that accommodates country cooperation in the Southeast Asia Region has agreed to work together to reduce the negative effects of the corona virus through a number of policies. Cooperation is carried out through ASEAN mechanisms to cooperation with other organizations. The various collaborations discuss a number of matters, including mitigation in the health sector, responses in the economic sector, as well as measures in the tourism and travel sector. However, in this cooperation there are a number of challenges for ASEAN regional cooperation in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic such as the lack of information regarding the handling of Covid-19 received by ASEAN members, the slow response of ASEAN in dealing with Covid-19, the different policies taken by each member country further encouraging ASEAN to continue working to find solutions in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic. This research focuses on any efforts to deal with Covid-19. The methodology used is a qualitative research design. Researchers used the concept of the role of ASEAN and handling the pandemic to analyze this study. The results show that ASEAN member countries have a strategic role in tackling the spread of Covid-19 in a number of fields such as health, trade and socio-economy.

This study investigates the differences between the SOEs and non-SOEs financial performance and how the presidential election affects their performance. This study uses 3,716 firm-year observations for firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2001 to 2014 as the final sample and uses regression to test the hypotheses. In Indonesia, on average, about 25 parties involved in the presidential election in the past three elections. Due to the complexity of the data collection, this study omits the effect of the unique political parties that also could affect the performance of SOE. This study finds that SOEs outperform financial performance of non-SOEs over the sample periods. Interestingly, this study also finds that the excellent financial performance of SOEs disappears around the election period. It indicates that being a board member of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is a political position rather than a professional position. For policymakers, these results indicate that election periods influence (reduce) the financial performance of SOEs in Indonesia. This study enhances our understanding of how presidential elections affect the performance of SOEs in Indonesia.

The urgency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia continues to increase. Companies in Indonesia are now focusing on CSR programs to assist the government in accelerating the handling of COVID-19. This study aims to examine the form of social support by implementing CSR on the official website pages of 5 State-Owned Enterprises. The type of research used in this research is qualitative using a qualitative content analysis approach. Sampling used non-probability sampling method. The technique used was purposive sampling by taking samples of news content and various CSR activities on the website pages of 5 State-Owned Enterprises. The data analysis technique uses data coding using a deductive approach. The value analysis of CSR activities is implemented and implementing CSR based on the value state of defense. Otherwise, three CSR pillars, namely People, Profit, and Planet, are implemented in various CSR activities covering education, health, environment, infrastructure, community empowerment, disaster management, and special assistance to affected communities. The Result of the seven categories, the three most frequently encountered are community economic empowerment support through Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and health support and educational support. ; Urgensi pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia terus meningkat, perusahaan-perusahaan di Indonesia kini fokus pada program CSR untuk membantu pemerintah dalam percepatan penanganan COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk dukungan sosial melalui penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) pada laman resmi 5 Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi kualitatif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non probability sampling, sedangkan teknik yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan mengambil sampel konten berita dan berbagai kegiatan CSR pada halaman website 5 BUMN, Sedangkan teknik analisis datanya menggunakan koding data menggunakan deduktif. pendekatan. Analisis nilai bagaimana pelaksanaan kegiatan CSR dan kemampuan melaksanakan CSR berdasarkan nilai bela negara. Selain itu, terdapat tiga pilar CSR yaitu Profit, People, dan Planet yang diimplementasikan dalam berbagai kegiatan CSR yang meliputi bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, lingkungan, infrastruktur, pemberdayaan masyarakat, penanggulangan bencana, dan bantuan khusus kepada masyarakat terdampak. Hasil dari ketujuh kategori tersebut, tiga yang paling banyak dijumpai adalah dukungan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat melalui Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dan dukungan kesehatan dan pendidikan.

This paper a study political education to meet presidential elections and vice president of the republic of Indonesia of 2019 in fatsun democracy Pancasila and a deliberative.The results show that in fatsun democracy Pancasila and a deliberative, found the practical discursus, formation public opinion and political aspirations the community, and sovereignty the populace as procedural as the owner of and holder sovereignty highest dealt with in constitutional in Indonesia and can control government decisions that was formed through elections.Political education is a means of to understand rights and obligations and the responsibilities of a citizen in our nation and state, besides the responsibility of presidents and vice president of the republic of Indonesia was elected to carry power as the mandate. The responsibility of in education politics it is it is an obligation of a political party, KPU-Bawaslu, and all elements of the community with the aim of an increase in the understanding of the related the vision mission presidential candidates and a vice president been attained by Indonesia in discursus the public which had bought in accordance with idee and aim of the Indonesia state that is to date it has not yet been attained.