Suchergebnisse

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between character and socio-psychological adaptation of the individual to university education. Concepts analyzed: character, adaptation, socio-psychological adaptation to learning, adolescence. Diagnostic research methods were used (Oldham-Morris questionnaire to determine personality types and Rogers-Diamond research methods to determine socio-psychological adaptation of personality); methods of mathematical statistics. In the field of psychological and pedagogical research, the problem of adaptation of students is one of the priorities, as it is located at the junction of different fields of knowledge that are crucial in the modern conditions of higher education. The purpose of the study: to identify the relationship between personality types and socio-psychological adaptation in students. The conducted empirical research allows to draw the following conclusions: in general, the subjects had a high level of adaptation, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort, internality, which indicates good social adaptability; the average level of desire for domination, which allows them to have self-esteem, not to be constantly subordinate to others, but also does not lead to authoritarianism, dictatorship. Among the personality types of the most popular is the "Honest" type, also common are "Dramatic" and "Active".

Modern dynamics of socio-economic development emphasized issues to improve efficiency of state innovation policy, its adequacy to contemporary priorities and problems in the country's development. An appropriate and relevant question is the systematization of knowledge obtained in the study of theoretical foundations of the state innovation policy, and effectiveness of its implementation depending on the methods of realization. The aim of present work is the development of theoretical and methodological fundamentals of state innovation policy. To solve the set tasks, we applied such general scientific and special research methods as: analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematic approach. Author examined the types of state innovation policy, factors that influence its formation, components of development and implementation of the state innovation policy. It is highlighted that the implementation of the state innovation policy is coordinated with the strategy of innovative development; strategic directions of innovation development of the national economy are demonstrated. Special attention was paid by Author to stages in the formation of state innovation policy in industrialized countries with the methods characterized for the realization of state innovation policy. Based on the obtained results of scientific research, main directions were proposed of innovation policy for Ukraine under present conditions. A conclusion was drawn on that the state innovation policy is a set of interrelated and interdependent forms, mechanisms, instruments, technologies of influence of the state on the formation, development and realization of scientific-technical, technological and innovation potential of the country, based on the promising world trends in scientific and technological development. The implementation of the state innovation policy is coordinated with the strategy of innovation development whose main function is to define main long-term directions of scientific development, to implement innovations, to provide resources to achieve the set objectives. The state, when implementing innovation policy, above all in the R&D sector, applies two basic types of methods: administrative and program-targeted. In the course of development of program-targeted methods, there were formed several variants of their implementation: a system of subsidies, institutional programs and cooperative implementation programs. The scientific novelty of present research is in determining the methodology of the state innovation policy, which covers an integrated system of methods, ways, and means of its implementation, taking into consideration the priorities in modern development of leading industrial countries. A practical value of the research is in applying the features of theoretical and methodological foundations of the state innovation policy for the selection of such areas and methods of implementation of the innovation policy that are most acceptable for Ukraine under current economic conditions.

The article reveals the problematic aspects of the transformation processes of education into a commodity. Education is understood as a social practice and as a social institution. Carrying out a systematic analysis of these processes, the author demonstrates both systemic social, societal threats and (often underestimated) "pitfalls" generated by these processes, as well as possible limitations and even limits of their actualization and deployment. This analysis and demonstration is carried out in the technique of theoretical sociological expertise. The problem of sociology's partial disregard for the commodification of education and the probable prospects and problems arising from this are analyzed. It is emphasized that the uncritical perception of the processes of commodification of education by sociology, especially on the periphery of global neoliberal capitalism, is in itself a threat to education, in particular in the form of a change in the very nature of education as a phenomenon, its evolution from a phenomenon, first of all, a sociocultural phenomenon into a phenomenon primarily economic. Various arguments are given and analyzed in relation to the processes of commodification of education, each of which is named in the article by the name of a sociologist whose analysis is closest to the argument put forward. "Five big" arguments and "seven small" ones are formulated. In their presentation the "dark sides" of the processes of commodification and neoliberalization of education are analyzed in detail. Attention is focused on the analysis of how education is involved in interaction with other social institutions and phenomena, as well as on what effects and post-effects can be generated as a result of education commodification processes. It is emphasized that in this context, the most important plot is the connection between education as a phenomenon and freedom as a social construct – at the micro level, as well as with the social order – at the macro level. A number of conclusions are formulated about such a property of education as autonomy, about its socio-cultural characteristics and about the threats of the market.

The article offers an analysis of the main trends in the development of historical education as an important component of the educational process in the higher school of Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century. The problematic issues of transformation in the sphere of teaching of historical disciplines at the present stage are determined. Separately, the specific characteristics of teaching «History of Ukraine» in technical universities are examined. The authors consider the modernization of learning process in the institutions of higher education of Ukraine as a dialectic issue containing certain risks for humanities' component of bachelors' and masters' preparation. Important stages of this process were the events of 2009, 2014 and 2015. They demonstrated the fundamental divergence of views on the ways of higher schools' reforming in Ukraine of the most part of humanities' academic community on the one hand, and state bureaucracy on the other. The public debate on the role of historical disciplines in the preparation of modern graduates of higher schools of Ukraine revealed a number of pedagogical, didactical and methodological
problems. Foremost among these was recognized the challenge of distinguishing between secondary and higher school courses of «History of Ukraine». The subject of intense discussion is the mechanism for the enforcement of the problem and dialogical methods to the teaching process of the institutions of higher education. In the end, the conclusion was made according the aspiration of the senior management of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine to cut back as short as possible schedule of hours for humanities in the institutions of higher education (especially in the technical and military universities) can have serious social and political consequences. Ignoring the importance of the discipline «History of Ukraine» in developing of the technical students' and cadets' world view in the conditions of the «hybrid war» could become an essential precondition for defeat the informational war by Ukraine. Authors are emphasizing on attention that among the political elite of Ukraine dominate technocratic understanding of term «information security». As a result, historical disciplines are turning into outsiders of educational process thus making it more difficult to consolidate Ukrainian society in the period of the serious military-political crisis.

The article shows the effectiveness of informal education assistance as a method of young specialist`s anxiety overcoming study. The sample consisted of 150 people between the ages of 21 and 49, divided into three groups. The first group included 44 people, short-term students, the second group (60 people) – middle-term students, and the third group (46 people) – long-term informal education assistance courses. We used Spilberger-Khanin`s anxiety test to define the level of personal and situational anxiety. To define professional difficulties, we used a half-structured interview and self-report.
Short-term educational programs students have a low level of personal anxiety and middle-level situational anxiety, which changed slightly after the educational program (the difference is insignificant). The members of this group, as usual, have about 2 years of work experience and apply for academic help on specific professional issues.
Middle-term educational programs participants mostly do not have work experience are somewhat confused about their professional specialization (for example: «I want to work with children or with adults, I do not know», «I want certain instruments, but I am not sure if I need them»), do not see the point of an in-depth study that or another theme. At the beginning of the course, they have a high level of personal and situational anxiety. They try to get the basics for the future work, quite quickly overcome the confusion, in studying situational anxiety of this group decreased with a significant difference (p < 0.05).
Examined members of long-term educational programs have a middle level of individual and situational anxiety at the beginning. They try to understand many professional issues and feel tension and confusion. Situational anxiety in this group decreased with a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the process of studying. Members of this group feel the necessity to set goals and to plan their professional activity (for example: «I do not know where to start», «I do not understand why we need to do this», «I need consistency in work»), that is why they choose programs with a significant substance and content.
The proposed system of educational assistance is based on the problem-oriented approach. We have identified the lack of beginner's practical skills, tools, and professional activity techniques as the main problem that leads to difficulties during a professional crisis. We suppose that overcoming this deficit affects changes in specialists' activity quality and their psycho-emotional condition.
Our study results suggest that the proposed program of informal education has a positive effect on overcoming anxiety during the professional development crisis.

The article compares the American copyright system (from its inception, borrowing the basics of the English system to the establishment of the principle of "fair use") and the Ukrainian system, which provides a specific list of cases allowed as a restriction of copyright (enumerated system) by establishing in national legal acts of the three-stage test provided by the Berne Convention. The article examines not only the legislation of Ukraine and the United States in this area, such as: the Federal Copyright Act of 1790, the second Federal Copyright Act of 1909, the Copyright Act of 1976, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright law and related rights" but also the case law of the United States, which is a key element in regulating disputes in the area under discussion. The author analyzes a number of cases through the prism of changing approaches in the US system of property rights restrictions, namely Philpot v. Media Research Center Inc. No. 1: 17-cv-822 dated January 8, 2018; Peteski Productions, Inc. v. Leah Rothman No. 5: 17-CV-00122 dated August 30, 2017; Rosen v. eBay, Inc., No. 2: 13-cv-06801-MWF-E of 16 January 2015 and Corbello v. DeVito No. 2: 08-cv-00867-RCJ-PAL June 14, 2017. As a result of the research, the author determines that the national legislation establishes an exhaustive list of works that are its objects, at the same time, the ways of using the work depend on the type of particular work. Therefore, an exhaustive list of all possible ways to use the works is not provided. U.S. law provides for an exhaustive list of copyrighted works and an exhaustive list of ways to use such works. And the doctrine of "fair use" in the United States provides that in determining whether the use of work in any particular case is fair, there are at least 4 factors to consider. Keywords: the principle of "enumerated system", the system of "numerus clausus", the concept of "exceptions and limitations", US copyright law, the doctrine of fair use, the Agreement on guidelines for copying in non-profit educational institutions, free use of works, three-stage test.

The introduction of distance education (DE) challenged all participants in the educational process and it was impacting the well-being of children. The purpose of the study was investigating the impact of different forms of DE on values of anxiety and depression (A&D) in school-age children. Methods. An online survey of 760 respondents was conducted with use RCADS. All respondents signed informed consent. ANOVA was used

for statistical analysis (STATISTICA 8.0). The models were adjusted for age and gender of respondents.
Results. More than 20% of parents have reported their own and their children's high psychological stress during DE. The adaptation was easier

and faster for respondents who were able to organize a virtual communication and got support from teachers. Pathological increase of the level A&D has been detected in 14.4±1.3% of respondents. There were 2.8 times more girls with clinical A&D than boys (p<0.001).

The DE formats of "All-Ukrainian online school" and individual learning did not significantly affect the level of A&D in school-age children (p>0.5). DE in the form of tasks in messengers and social networks significantly increased the level A&D (p<0.001), and DE offline increased only the level of Anxiety (p<0.05). Reductions the level A&D have been identified in online lessons with the teacher and the schoolfellows (p<0.001).

The chances of increasing the level of anxiety and depression in school-age children grow in 1.8 times when using non-interactive forms of education (OR=1.78; CI 1.17-2.69; p<0.01).

Conclusions. Teacher support and online lessons help reduce psychological discomfort during distance education. The surveillance the mental health of children is required during the implementation of various forms of DE.

The course of European integration chosen by the state and the further accession of Ukraine to the European Union requires, in turn, the reform of national legislation and the system of authorities, as well as a review of the state's role in the life of public relations, including agrarian ones. In this regard, there is a need to carry out agrarian reform of Ukraine, the main purpose and task of which is to ensure the activity of the national commodity producer, to bring the agrarian sector of Ukraine to the international level, as well as to strengthen the position of Ukrainian products in the world market. However, without the proper involvement of the state, achieving these goals is virtually impossible. That is why the role of the state in ensuring the development of the agro-industrial sector is crucial. At the same time, the state should not interfere in agribusiness, and it is obliged to create only favorable environment for business entities. In this case, it is important to ensure the proper public administration of agrarian legal relations, which in turn creates the need to study the nature of public administration, the purpose and mechanisms of implementation, as well as legislative regulation. At the same time, considerable attention needs to be paid to the study of state support for agriculture, which in recent years has been the main type of state participation in the field of agriculture. Public administration and direct government support for agriculture create the right conditions for agribusiness development, including the opportunity for small and medium-sized businesses to develop. The article explores the concepts of public administration and state support for agriculture, defines their purpose and content. The comparative legal characterization of public administration and state support has been carried out separately, and it has been established that these are different legal categories, but interrelated and interdependent. It is determined that the national legislation of Ukraine does not have definitions of the studied concepts, and therefore one of the directions of reforming the national legislation should be its updating by fixing the concept of public administration, methods, principles of its implementation, etc. The purpose of the study is to compare state support and public administration in agrarian law of Ukraine, to determine common and different characteristics, to establish methods of implementation of state support and public administration, to study the experience of foreign countries on state support and public administration of agricultural producers. The object of the study is the legal relations that arise between the state and other subjects of agrarian legal relations regarding the implementation of public administration and state support of the agrarian sector. The methodological basis of scientific research is represented by the following methods: the method of legal analysis, comparative method, the structural method, the formal legal method. Keywords: public administration, state support, state aid, public administration, agrarian relations, public authorities.

The article considers the comparative and legal grounds for the definition of the category "marriage" in family law of Ukraine, interpretation of the concept of "marriage-like unions" in legislation, judicial decisions and legal doctrine of EU states. The author defines the characteristics and peculiarities of these concepts, outlines the approaches to the regulation of family relations in this field and formulates conclusions and proposals aimed at the harmonization of national legislation with EU law.

In the article, both general scientific and special legal methods of research have been used. In particular, comparative-legal, historical, formallogical and other methods have been applied. The article concludes that the example of some European states proves the existence of the advanced legislative approaches to the legal understanding of family unions.

In Ukraine the marriage is exclusively a family union of a female and a male registered with the state registration authority for civil status acts. In the laws of EU states different and much broader criteria for treating such unions can be applied. The presence of various legal forms of unions indicates that foreign law recognizes a family union between persons irrespective of their genders and recognizes such family union as a family. It is said that a characteristic feature for a family is a stable relationship. At the same time, harmonization of the Ukrainian legislation with the EU legislation in the field of marriage and family relations may take place on specific issues (for example, a registered partnership), but it is not advisable to adopt a foreign legal model, since in Ukraine there are distinctive factors for the formation of family relationships, such as traditions, religion, culture.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню особливостей та правових засад сучасної державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот) України, а також проблеми обмеження конституційних прав та свобод національних меншин (спільнот) у КНР та Болгарії.Авторський методологічний аналіз включав низку філософських, загальнонаукових та спеціально наукових методів. Зокрема метод порівняльного правознавства застосовувався для аналізу досвіду КНР та Болгарії щодо обмежень прав національних меншин (спільнот). Компаративний метод сприяв узагальненню знань у сфері державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот).Репрезентовані позиції науковців та інституційних міжнародних органів щодо державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот), мотивовано позицію казуальним виміром. Авторами розкрито ключові моменти державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот), окрему увагу сконцентровано на проблемі позитивної дискримінації (особливому захисті) національних меншин. Вказано на труднощі реалізації державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот) у КНР та Болгарії, а також піднято питання правового становища болгарської меншості (спільноти) України.У статті відображено основні напрямки державної політики у сфері національних меншин (спільнот) та основні завдання Державної служби України з етнополітики та свободи совісті. Приклади дискримінації македонської національної меншини в Болгарії, з одного боку, і вільного, рівноправного розвитку всіх націй і народів, що проживають на території України, – з іншого, ні недосконалість міжнародного законодавства, ні слабкість міжнародно-правових інститутів захисту прав людини не є головною перешкодою для вільного національного розвитку народів та окремих індивідів. Як найважливіша умова та об'єктивний чинник такого розвитку виступає державна національна політика, яка може або сприяти національному розвитку, або гальмувати його.Констатовано, що конституційні засади сучасної державної національної політики України утворюють положення Конституції України, що закріплюють найважливіші цінності конституційного ладу України. Звернено увагу, що національна політика України націлена насамперед на досягнення балансу, паритету інтересів кожної людини окремо та всіх народів (спільнот), що проживають на території України, у сфері національних відносин.У висновку зазначено, що національна політика України – це правова політика держави у галузі регламентації правового статусу національних меншин, формування нормативної бази, що забезпечує реалізацію національної політики на рівні органів державної влади та місцевого самоврядування в Україні.

The authors describe and propose ways to determine the level of school disadaptation. Associated psychological factors are identified: levels of school motivation and adaptation, situational and personal anxiety, indicators and forms of aggression, self-esteem of depression. The obtained experimental data on the tendency to disadaptation are analyzed, as well as the psychological factors that influence the formation of disadaptation of young school children are investigated.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of mental states and personality characteristics of elementary school children with disadaptation shall be conducted to study their school disadaptation, organization of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical assistance to school children, teachers and parents. Existing research methods are mainly based on self-estimation methodologies.

Experimental data on addiction to disadaptation was obtained, additionally, the psychological factors, which influence on disadaptation formation of elementary school children, were examined. The majority of examined children were found to have a low level of reactive anxiety and a high level of personal anxiety.

The article examines the opinion of international experts on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transformation of the higher education sector. Analyzed the data presented in publications that were posted on the international news resource University World News from 1st of March to 15th of October 2020 in the "coronavirus crises" section. It is noted that the most discussed topic is the strategy for the future development of higher education (26% of the analyzed texts were devoted to strategic issues). Attention is focused on the fact that the pandemic revealed that the concept of direct learning is not adapted to crisis situations like the COVID-19 pandemic (despite its undoubted advantages) when teachers and students do not have the opportunity to communicate directly in the classroom. It is emphasized that, despite the variability of experts' opinions on the future for the development of higher education in a global context there are significantly fewer negative assessments than could be expected: 33% of experts positively assess the changes in higher education initiated by the pandemic, suggest considering the pandemic crisis as a catalyst that accelerates solving existing problems, in particular the need to form a new vision of the strategic development of the education sector taking into account the future advantages of distance and online forms of education. The topic of financing turned out to be the most painful. Most experts negatively assess the prospects associated with a significant decrease in public funding without which it is difficult for universities to survive not only in the crisis conditions of the pandemic but also in the post-covid future. Insufficient funding has led to the reduction amount of teachers which will subsequently harm the entire system of higher education because it is the teachers who must fill the courses built in the format of augmented learning with content, develop an appropriate pedagogical design and accompany students in the educational process.