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Introduction: acknowledged legislation -- Courting disaster: Blok and yeats -- Whitman, Mayakovsky, and the body politic -- The death of the book a la russe: the Acmeists under Stalin -- Akhmatova and the forms of responsibility: the Poem without a Hero -- Avant-guarde again, or the posthumous Polish adventures of Vladimir Mayakovsky -- Bringing up the rear: the histories of Wislawa Szymborska -- Counterrevolution in poetic language: Poland's Generation of '68 -- The unacknowledged legislator's dream: Czeslaw Milosz and Anglo-American poetry -- Afterword: martyrs, survivors, and success stories, or the postcommunist prophet

The purpose of the article is to analyze the premises of the Educational Organic Law (EOL or LOE in Spanish) postmodernity and Venezuelan reality in the educational field; in the beginning, conceptualizing modernity and postmodernity comparing the ideas of Alsina Calves of how should be education in modernity crisis and how to build a postmodern education based on the most relevant principles of EOL, in order to critically and pertinently analyze the Venezuelan educational reality. Texts of Alsina, Follari, Lytorad, Giroux, Benoist and Champetier, Esparza as well as the Educational Organic Law were reviewed methodologically according to a qualitative approach and bibliographical design. It is concluded that family participation is unavoidable and indispensible in the process of building a postmodern education that must guarantee access to public education equally for everybody. Participation for developing a national curriculum must be in hands of teachers and person related to education where teachers, students and community trilogy are prevailing. It is only in charge of politicians and legislators that law is not a dead letter. ; El artículo tiene como propósito analizar los postulados de la Ley Orgánica de Educación, LOE, la postmodernidad y la realidad venezolana en el área educativa conceptualizando, en un principio, la modernidad y la postmodernidad, comparando la ideas de Alsina Calves de cómo debería ser educación en la crisis de la modernidad y de cómo construir una educación posmoderna con los postulados más relevantes de la LOE; con el fin de hacer un análisis crítico y pertinente de la realidad educativa venezolana. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión de textos de Alsina, Follari, Lytorad, Giroux, Benoist y Champetier, Esparza y la Ley Orgánica de Educación en Venezuela, bajo un enfoque cualitativo y diseño bibliográfico, concluyéndose que la participación de la familia es ineludible e imprescindible en el proceso de construcción de una educación posmoderna, que debe garantizarse una acceso a la educación pública con igualdad de posibilidades para todos. La participación en el desarrollo de currículo nacional debe estar en manos de los educadores y personas relacionadas con la educación, donde la trilogía: educadores, estudiantes y comunidad sea imperante. Sólo queda en manos de los políticos y legisladores que la ley no sea letra muerta.

Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- The Quiz -- American Government -- American History -- Integrated Civics -- Appendices -- Appendix A: The USCIS Questions and Answers for the Naturalization Test -- Appendix B: U.S. Senators -- Appendix C: U.S. Representatives -- Appendix D: U.S. Governors -- Appendix E: U.S. State Capitals -- Appendix F: The Declaration of Independence -- Appendix G: The U.S. Constitution -- The Bill of Rights -- Amendments XI-XXVII -- Appendix H: The Emancipation Proclamation -- Index -- eCopyright.

The United States had a trade deficit of $170 billion in 1987 and, even though the value of the dollar has been declining, the deficit has shown no consistent pattern of improvement. The magnitude and persistence of the trade imbalance has led to a great deal of discussion of its impact on the U.S. economy and of policies that might be used to correct the imbalance. One major consideration that is often overlooked is the distributional and equity effect of the trade situation on the poor. While some advocates embrace protectionist policies as a means of "saving" jobs for low-income Americans, others argue that these measures raise the cost of goods used by the poor with no guarantee that jobs are actually saved. The following article reviews the available evidence on the position of low-income Americans under a policy of protectionism.

Even if women make up half of the world's population, their contribution to measured economic activity, growth, and well-being is far below its potential. Besides, employment of women in economic sectors has important effect on their life, family and the country as a whole. However, the gap between women and men in paid employment remains wide in many parts of the world. These issues of women encompassing determinants and consequences of unemployment on them are not well articulated. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine the socio-cultural and demographic determinants of employment status of women and the consequence of unemployment on women in Bahir Dar City, Amhara region. To carry out this study, mixed research approach specifically convergent parallel design was used. To investigate this, primary and secondary data sources were utilized. Additionally, questioner and in-depth interview were used as the data gathering instruments for quantitative and qualitative respectively. Besides, 388 respondents were selected by using simple random sampling technique for quantitative technique and 11 participants were selected by purposive sampling technique for qualitative technique. The analytical techniques used in this study were descriptive statistics such as frequency of tables as well as cross tabulation and binary logistic regression for quantitative data and thematic way of data analysis for qualitative one. The descriptive statistics result showed that 61.1 % were employed where as 38.9 %were unemployed. In view of that training skills obtained, family size and household headship were found to be the significant determinants of women's employment status. Moreover , poor living standard and dependency, domestic violence, unwanted marriage and unwanted pregnancy, low level of social participation (isolation ), hopelessness and anxiety (stressful life) , addiction by intoxication of alcohol and other forms of drug, less satisfaction in marital life , divorce , prostitution , allowing to be the victim of sexually transmitted disease like HIV-AIDS, increasing future shocks were found to be the consequence of unemployment on women in the study area .Furthermore, the study has discovered that it is still not easy for many women to enter the formal labor market even though the situation has altered over time. Thus, the major challenge encountering the present government of the city is how to address this issue.

This book, first published in 1989, is an analysis of what changed in 1789 with the French Revolution and what contemporary life owes to the event. It was not simply a series of events with worldwide repercussions, but also represented the foundation of the middle-class domination of social, cultural and political space, which survives today and is the site of major crises of public culture. One such site is the body. In spite of its prominence in consumer culture as an object of adornment and beautification, the human body retains none of its historic dignity and authority. The argument of this book is that the French Revolution played a crucial part in this diminution of the body. It traces revolutionary models of behaviour around the body and public life, and explains how such myths as the division between public and private, male and female worlds, and such masculine values as objectivity' were an integral part of the new public world created by the revolutionary middle class.

Law enforcement agencies and their employees are continually at risk for potential liability related to torts, civil rights violations, and employment law issues. Litigation may involve suits by the public against officers and the administration, actions by the administration against officers, or actions by officers against the administration or members of the public they serve. Knowledge of these risks and understanding how they arise are essential to law enforcement officers, administrators, and their legal counsel. Police Liability and Risk Management: Torts, Civil Rights, and.

No international concern has been as important to Burma as her relations with China. Kuomintang China had encouraged the Burmese nationalists, had sponsored Burma's entry into the UN but had also exhibited (in various published maps and otherwise) traditional Chinese expansionist tendencies toward Burma and mainland Southeast Asia. Most of all, after 1950, Kuomintang China endangered Burma's relation with Communist China by her active, irresponsible support for her troops who had escaped via Yunnan into northeast Burma. However much the Burmese may have initially and quietly tolerated the presence of these KMT "escapees," – a view which has been unofficially hinted in some Burmese and American quarters — expecting that they would either merge into the Burma population or quickly repatriate to Taiwan, at the end of the first year of experience with these troops the Burmese became justifiably alarmed, repeatedly sought but did not receive assistance from the United States for this repatriation and eventually, in 1953, officially took the issue to the United Nations. (It was this issue which brought U.S. prestige and relations with Burma to a postwar low.)

The empirical evidence on rational inattention lags the theoretical developments: micro evidence on one of the most immediate consequences of observation costs––the infrequent observation of state variables––is not available in standard datasets. We contribute to filling the gap using new household surveys. To match these data we modify existing models, shifting the focus from nondurable to durable consumption. The model features both observation and transaction costs and implies a mixture of time-dependent and state-dependent rules. Numerical simulations explain the frequencies of trading and observation of the median investor with small observation costs and larger transaction costs. (JEL D12, D14, E21, G11)

"China and Postsocialist Anthropology is a sophisticated and insightful analysis of post-socialist regimes, seen through the prism of the Chinese case. Andrew Kipnis is a highly conceptual anthropologist, very well versed in social-science theory, who also has an in-depth, on-the-ground knowledge of China. Bilingual in Chinese and English, in this important book, he employs his dual expertise to present cogent analyses of post-socialist power relations, post-Marxian social theory, neo-liberalism and neo-leftists in China, the reshaping of citizenship, and a range of other related topics. The book will be of considerable value to comparative social scientists, his fellow anthropologists, specialists in socialist and post-socialist regimes and societies, and social theorists."--Publisher's website

Within the literature there is a growing concern about lower voter turnout rates among young-age cohorts. In this article we investigate the reported willingness to vote among 72,466 14-year-old adolescents from 22 European countries, who took part in the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) 2009. Results indicate that the willingness to vote remains quite elevated among this age group, but with a clear gender division. While girls are more likely to state that they will vote, boys are more likely to see themselves as future election candidates. An open classroom climate at school contributes to the willingness to vote in future elections. The elements that are known to have an effect on the turnout level of adults, however, do not have a significant impact on the intention to vote among adolescents. This would suggest that the observed lower turnout rate among younger people cannot just be attributed to an alleged lack of political motivation among adolescents, and that therefore other elements will have to be taken into account if we want to explain this downward trend.

This paper analyses the development of the ratio of corporate taxes to wage taxes using a simple political economy model with internationally mobile and immobile firms. Among other results, our model predicts that countries reduce their corporate tax rate, relative to the wage tax, either when preferences for public goods increase or when a rising share of capital is employed in multinational firms. The predicted relationships are tested using panel data for 23 OECD countries for the period 1980 through 2001. The results of the empirical analysis support our central hypotheses.

An innovative blended learning non-formal programme was launched in 2018-2019 for professionals and volunteers, who were encouraged to develop their own social competences in order to work directly as community animators with vulnerable groups and promote social inclusion in Greece. The intervention, which lay within an ongoing experimental European project, COMANITY, was built upon the challenges emerged from harsh economic restraints, rising demand, restricted supply and diminishing resources in our society. Within this context, youth services are urged to increase their efficiency and effectiveness, encourage civil society to fill the gaps in service provision left by 'mainstream' supply and try to support young people to 'help their peers' by getting more of them to volunteer. Community Animator's non-formal blended learning training programme was carried out online programme delivered to 109 participants out of 947 who applied and through an experiential face to face workshop that was delivered to 14 unemployed women aiming to raise awareness and critical understanding of the concepts of democracy, equality, advocacy, human rights and social cohesion. Peer learning methods and an action research methodology were employed in order to enhance young participants to act as agents for change and develop a holding environment for those youth at risk to be marginalized. By working on their own capacities and motives, personal attitudes and possible dysfunctional assumptions, young participants actively shared and confronted critically their views and concerns, realized the impact of space and time on their civic engagement and organized themselves in social action. The present study discusses the profile and satisfaction level of participants in the online digital programme and the profile and satisfaction level of participants on the blended learning experiential programme. The data suggests that blended programmes are necessary for developing action research skills and enhancing the role of community animators, even though online programmes on their own can also assist in raising awareness about the role of community animators. ; An innovative blended learning non-formal programme was launched in 2018-2019 for professionals and volunteers, who were encouraged to develop their own social competences in order to work directly as community animators with vulnerable groups and promote social inclusion in Greece. The intervention, which lay within an ongoing experimental European project, COMANITY, was built upon the challenges emerged from harsh economic restraints, rising demand, restricted supply and diminishing resources in our society. Within this context, youth services are urged to increase their efficiency and effectiveness, encourage civil society to fill the gaps in service provision left by 'mainstream' supply and try to support young people to 'help their peers' by getting more of them to volunteer. Community Animator's non-formal blended learning training programme was carried out online programme delivered to 109 participants out of 947 who applied and through an experiential face to face workshop that was delivered to 14 unemployed women aiming to raise awareness and critical understanding of the concepts of democracy, equality, advocacy, human rights and social cohesion. Peer learning methods and an action research methodology were employed in order to enhance young participants to act as agents for change and develop a holding environment for those youth at risk to be marginalized. By working on their own capacities and motives, personal attitudes and possible dysfunctional assumptions, young participants actively shared and confronted critically their views and concerns, realized the impact of space and time on their civic engagement and organized themselves in social action. The present study discusses the profile and satisfaction level of participants in the online digital programme and the profile and satisfaction level of participants on the blended learning experiential programme. The data suggests that blended programmes are necessary for developing action research skills and enhancing the role of community animators, even though online programmes on their own can also assist in raising awareness about the role of community animators.