Suchergebnisse

Son grans els reptes que afronta el sistema d'educació a Eslovènia, Europa i en general el món per a introduir els aspectes ambientals i de salut en els programes d'estudi per a que els estudiants coneguin i comprenguin el Desenvolupament Sostenible. Els camins per a incorporar aquests temes en els programes universitaris depenen en gran part de factors com la grandària de la població i el sistema econòmic i polític de la zona. Diferents països a Europa estan estudiant diverses formes per a donar una solució a aquests fets. En el cas específic d'Eslovènia s'identificà una necessitat específica de formar professionals amb coneixements ambientals, d'epidemiologia, ecològics i de higiene. La creixent importància de l'enginyeria en les àrees abans esmentades i el potenciar la interdisciplinarietat, foren factors claus per a desenvolupar des del 1993 un programa d'Enginyeria Sanitària amb una duració de 4 anys. El ràpid desenvolupament del programa i la seva multidisciplinarietat han estat les raons principals per les que es va decidir que el programa s'impartís amb professores de dos universitats, així com amb experts de institucions i empreses. En relació amb altres sistemes universitaris similars a l'Europa de l'Est la experiència d'aquests 10 anys de treball a Eslovènia pot servir de model e fins i tot a través de la col·laboració ser adoptat en alguna altra universitat de la regió. ; Son grandes los retos que enfrenta el sistema educacional de Eslovenia, Europa y en general el mundo para lograr introducir los aspectos ambientales y de salud en los programas de estudio de tal forma que los estudiantes conozcan y comprendan el Desarrollo Sostenible. Los caminos para incorporar estos temas en los programas universitarios dependen en gran parte de factores como el tamaño de la población y el sistema económico y político de la zona. Diferentes países en Europa están tratando de formas diversas de dar solución a estos retos. En el caso específico de Eslovenia se identificó una necesidad específica de formar profesionales con conocimientos ambientales, epidemiológicos, ecológicos y de higiene. La creciente importancia de la ingeniería en las áreas antes mencionadas y el potenciar la interdisciplinariedad fueron factores claves para desarrollar desde 1993 un programa de Ingeniería Sanitaria con una duración de 4 años. El rápido desarrollo del programa y su multidisciplinariedad han sido las razones principales por las que se decidió que el programa se impartiera por profesores de dos universidades, así como expertos de instituciones y empresas. En relación con sistemas universitarios similares en Europa del Este la experiencia de estos 10 años de trabajo en Eslovenia puede servir de modelo e incluso a través de la colaboración ser adoptado en alguna otra universidad de la región. ; Great challenges are facing Slovene, European and world's educational systems in the introduction of environmental and health aspects into the curricula in such a way to empower the students with an adequate understanding and knowledge of sustainable development. Ways of incorporating these issues into the educational programme depends on broad range of factors such as number of inhabitants in the state as well as political and economic system. Different European states are trying to solve these challenges in a different manner. Due to the specificity of the Slovenia the need was recognised to educate professionals with the broad environmental, epidemiological, ecological and hygienic knowledge. The increased awareness about the importance of the engineering in the above mentioned areas and the interdisciplinary approach lead towards establishing a four year sanitary engineering programme in 1993. Its distinctive multidisciplinarity and rapid development in the field are the main reasons for the decision that selected course units are thought by professors and experts from two universities in Slovenia and other institutions as well as enterprises. Due to similar educational system in the South Eastern Europe in the past, ten years of experiences in Slovenia should be used as a model which could be, through the collaboration, adopted elsewhere in the region.

Aquest article recorre els últims vint-i-cinc anys de l'educació social a Catalunya. L'objectiu és oferir una breu aproximació al recorregut que s'ha fet en l'àmbit de la legislació que més afecta l'exercici professional d'aquest sector, oferir una mirada general als principals programes i repassar l'evolució i el reconeixement de les diferents figures professionals. Per finalitzar plantejant alguns reptes pendents en l'evolució del discurs de l'educació social. ; This article recapitulates the last twentyfive years of social education in Catalonia. It aims to offer a short description of the path taken by legislation most affecting professional work in the sector, and to provide a general view of the main programmes, and go over the evolution and recognition of various important roles in the profession. It ends by outlining some of the challenges outstanding in the evolution of social education discourse. ; El presente artículo recorre los últimos veinticinco años de la educación social en Cataluña. El objetivo es ofrecer una breve aproximación al recorrido que se ha hecho en el ámbito de la legislación que más afecta al ejercicio profesional de este sector, ofrecer una mirada general a los principales programas y repasar la evolución y el reconocimiento de las distintas figuras profesionales. Para finalizar planteando algunos retos pendientes en la evolución del discurso de la educación social.

Participation in a technological society demands deep and critical understanding of technology and its impact on each individual, the environment and society. Achieving technological literacy has become an imperative of national policies; hence, the role of education and adequate teacher training has become vital. In recent years, research in technology education has begun incorporating studies of pre-schools, but technology education in pre-schools still remains less studied. The research focuses on technological literacy of pre-service pre-school teachers. Most of them think that technology, technology education and knowledge are very important for pre-school teachers even if they consider their aptitudes to be low. Part-time students, in comparison to full-time students, exhibit higher technological literacy and more highly assess the impact of everyday technological environment on the lives of individuals, the need for technological knowledge in the lives of modern people, the importance of technology education in kindergarten, the importance of technological knowledge for quality professional work of pre-school teachers, the importance of technology education during their study at the faculty, and their own competencies in the technological field. ; Život u društvu u kojemu tehnologija zauzima važno mjesto zahtijeva duboko i kritičko razumijevanje tehnologije i njezina utjecaja na svakog pojedinca, okolinu i društvo. Postizanje tehnološke pismenosti postao je imperativ nacionalnih politika; stoga je uloga obrazovanja, uz adekvatno osposobljavanje učitelja, iznomno važna. Posljednjih godina istraživanja u području tehnološkog obrazovanja uključuju i istraživanja vezana uz predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje, ali poučavanje tehnologije u predškolskim ustanovama još se uvijek nedovoljno istražuje. Istraživanje je usmjereno na tehnološku pismenost studenata programa predškolskog odgoja. Većina studenata smatra da su tehnologija, tehnološko obrazovanje i znanje iznimno važni za odgojitelje, iako svoje sposobnosti u navedenom području ocjenjuju niskima. Izvanredni studenti, za razliku od redovnih, pokazuju veću tehnološku pismenost i daju veću važnost utjecaju svakodnevnog tehnološkog okruženja na živote pojedinaca, potrebi za tehnološkim znanjem u životu modernog čovjeka, važnosti tehnološkog obrazovanja u predškolskim ustanovama, važnosti tehnološkog znanja za kvalitetan profesionalni rad odgojitelja, važnosti tehnološkog obrazovanja tijekom studija i svojim kompetencijama u području tehnologije.

Entrepreneurship cultivation and education is an omnipresent and unavoidable educational concept in the educational systems of European countries. The formation, development and the rise of this concept are closely related to modern development trends of European educational policies. Education for entrepreneurship is determined by the social and educational values of entrepreneurship and its placement among the fundamental prerequisites for the achievement of lifelong learning. It has been noted that there is insufficient theoretical foundation of this concept in the science of pedagogy. One consequence of this situation is the evaluation of entrepreneurship education as pedagogically irrelevant. Entrepreneurship, in the educational context, is often referred to as an area of paradoxes because of the characteristics that are constantly balancing on a continuum from neo-liberal to emancipatory interpretations. The aim of this work is to segregate possible valuable and targeted controversies by way of conceptual-theoretical analysis of entrepreneurship education, and to consider its emancipatory and affirmative value in the process of education. The results of the analysis will contribute to the understanding of the complexity of what education for entrepreneurship is or what it could become if we do not approach education policy trends critically. ; U obrazovnim sustavima europskih zemalja odgoj i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo sveprisutan je i nezaobilazan odgojno-obrazovni koncept. Nastanak, razvoj i uspon tog koncepta u tijesnoj su vezi sa suvremenim razvojnim trendovima europske obrazovne politike. Odgoj i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo određeno je društvenom i odgojnom vrijednosti poduzetništva, zatim svrstavanjem među temeljne preduvjete za ostvarivanje cjeloživotnog učenja. U pedagogijskoj znanosti uočava se nedostatna teorijska utemeljenost tog koncepta. Jedna od posljedica takvog stanja je vrednovanje odgoja i obrazovanja za poduzetništvo kao pedagogijski irelevantnoga. Poduzetništvo, u odgojno-obrazovnom kontekstu, često se naziva područjem paradoksa zbog obilježja koja neprestano balansiraju na kontinuumu od neoliberalnih do emancipacijskih interpretacija. Cilj ovog rada je konceptualno-teorijskom analizom odgoja i obrazovanja za poduzetništvo, izdvojiti moguće vrijednosne i ciljne prijepore te razmotriti njegovu emancipacijsku i afirmativnu vrijednost u procesu odgoja i obrazovanja. Rezultati provedene analize doprinose razumijevanju kompleksnosti onoga što je odgoj i obrazovanje za poduzetništvo ili što bi mogao postati ako nekritički pristupamo trendovima obrazovne politike.

Visoko obrazovanje važan je segment pripreme za tržište rada svih studenata koji upisujući pojedini fakultet žele steći potrebnu edukaciju za rad u odabranom području. Zemlje Europske Unije, pa tako i Hrvatska, ulažu u razvoj visokog obrazovanja kroz različite operativne programe koji pridonose dostupnosti obrazovanja za sve kategorije građana. Otvorenost visokog obrazovanja svakom članu društva temelj je inkluzivne obrazovne politike Europske Unije. Obrazovne politike postaju područje interesa cijele europske zajednice jer se društvo znanja vidi kao temelj gospodarske konkurentnosti Europe na globalnom tržištu. Cilj je rada ispitati kako stručnjaci koji rade u službama podrške za studente s invaliditetom doživljavaju poštovanje prava na visoko obrazovanje studenata s invaliditetom na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu. Riječ je o kvalitativnom istraživanju provedenom u 2019. godini putem polustrukturiranih intervjua, dok su podaci obrađeni primjenom tematske analize. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 10 stručnjaka koji rade u službama podrške za studente s invaliditetom na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu. Rezultati ukazuju na pozitivne primjere poštovanja prava na visoko obrazovanje, ali identificiraju i postojeće slabe točke koje je potrebno unaprijediti u skladu sa suvremenim postavkama inkluzivnog europskog društva. Promjene u budućnosti potrebne su u područjima standardizacije asistencije i prijevoza, prilagodbe infrastrukture, redovite edukacije nastavnog osoblja, senzibilizacije studenata te u razvoju ljudskih resursa u uredima za studente s invaliditetom. ; Higher education plays a pivotal role in preparing students for the labour market by providing education at the university level required for work in the chosen field. The EU member states, including Croatia, invest in higher education through different operational programmes to increase access to education for all citizens. Equal access to higher education for all is at the core of EU education policies for inclusion. Moreover, the education policy importance rises on the European agenda as the concept of knowledge society becomes central to European competitiveness on the global market. This paper aimed to examine how professionals employed by support services for students with disabilities perceive the respect of the right to higher education for students with disabilities at the University of Zagreb. The paper is based on qualitative research from 2019, which involved semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis of data. The research included 10 professionals employed by the support services for students with disabilities at the University of Zagreb. Although the results indicated certain good practice examples of respecting the right to higher education, they also pointed out the challenges that ought to be addressed in line with contemporary inclusive practices in Europe. In the future, improvements are recommended in the following areas: standardising assistance and transportation, adapting infrastructure, continuing training of the teaching staff, raising student awareness and human resource development at the Office for Students with Disabilities.

Rasprave i istraživanja o europskoj dimenziji u obrazovanju godinama zauzimaju prostor u europskoj obrazovnoj politici te znanstvenom i stručnom prostoru, dok je u hrvatskom okruženju interes za navedenu temu znatno slabiji. Također, tema nije bila dovedena u vezu s radom školskih pedagoga kao što nije otvarano pitanje kompetencija za implementaciju ovoga koncepta u njihov svakodnevni rad. Temeljem rezultata nacionalnog istraživanja o kompetencijama školskih pedagoga, koje su uključivale i kompetencije europske dimenzije, u radu će biti izneseni rezultati istraživanja te prijedlozi i preporuke za implementaciju sadržaja ovoga koncepta u visokoškolsko obrazovanje i stručno usavršavanje. ; Discussions and research on the European dimension in education for years occupy space in European education policy and scientifc and professional area, while in the Croatian environment interest in this subject much weaker. Also, the topic was not correlated with the work of school pedagogues such has not opened the question of competence to implement this concept in their daily work. Based on the results of national research about the competence of school pedagogues, involving the competences of the European dimension, the work will be presented the results of studies and proposals and recommendations for the implementation of the contents of this concept in higher education and vocational training. ; Diskussionen und Forschung über die europäische Dimension im Bildungswesen seit Jahren besetzen Raum in der europäischen Bildungspolitik und der wissenschaflichen und beruflichen Bereich, während in der kroatischen Umgebung Interesse an diesem Tema viel schwächer. Außerdem wurde das Tema nicht mit der Arbeit der Schule PädagogInnen korreliert so hat die Frage der Zuständigkeit eröffnet dieses Konzept in ihrer täglichen Arbeit umzusetzen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der nationalen Forschung über die Kompetenz der Schulpädagoginnen, die Kompetenzen der europäischen Dimension beteiligt, wird die Arbeit, die Ergebnisse von Studien und Vorschläge und Empfehlungen für die Umsetzung der Inhalte dieses Konzepts im Bereich der Hochschulund Berufsbildung vorgestellt .

Rad je razmatra pitanja uspostavljanja i razvijanja pedagoškog pluralizma u obrazovnoj politici i praksi u Srbiji u razdoblju od sredine 20. stoljeća do danas. Pod pedagoškim pluralizmom podrazumijevamo uvažavanje i afirmaciju različitih pedagoških koncepcija i pristupa u razvijanju teorije i prakse obrazovanja, odnosno njegovanje različitih teorijskih orijentacija u području obrazovanja, kao i omogućavanje i ostvarivanje alternativnih rješenja glede organizacije i funkcioniranja školskog i nastavnog rada u odnosu na dominantni model školovanja. U vrijeme jugoslavenskog socijalističkog sustava, koga karakterizira nepostojanje demokratskog političkog poretka i odsustvo njegovanja pluralističkih stavova i vrijednosti, izostao je i pedagoški (i školski) pluralizam. Povoljniji uvjeti za razvoj pedagoškog i školskog pluralizma u Srbiji stvoreni su u post-socijalističkom razdoblju. Nakon 90-tih godina 20. stoljeća otvorena je mogućnost osnivanja privatnih odgojno-obrazovnih ustanova, a od nedavno i vrtića i škola posebne pedagoške orijentacije (tj. alternativnih škola). Također, u proteklom razdoblju realiziran je veći broj projekata, programa i obuka usmjerenih ka unaprjeđenju kvalitete nastavnog i školskog rada, u okviru kojih se mogu prepoznati ideje i koncepti karakteristični za reformne pedagoške pokrete. Međutim, dojam je da se inicijative i napori kojima se podupire pluralizam u obrazovanju, a koji dolaze od znanstvene i stručne javnosti, kao i od prosvjetnih vlasti, odnose uglavnom na demokratizaciju i unaprjeđivanje kvalitete obrazovanja unutar javnog sustava školstva, a ne na promoviranje i podršku privatnom obrazovanju i/ili alternativnim pedagoškim koncepcijama u njihovom izvornom obliku. ; The paper addresses the issue of introducing and fostering pedagogical pluralism in the education policy and practice in Serbia from the mid-20th century onwards. Pedagogical pluralism implies the appreciation and affirmation of different pedagogical conceptions and approaches aimed at developing education theory and practice, i. e. the promotion of different theoretical orientations in the field of education, as well as the implementation of alternative solutions to the organisation and functioning of school work and teaching that differ from the prevailing education model. During the Yugoslav socialist system characterized by the lack of a democratic political order and pluralistic attitudes and values, there was no room for pedagogical (and school) pluralism either. More favourable conditions for the development of pedagogical and school pluralism in Serbia were created in the post-socialist period. After the 1990s, possibilities opened up for privately founded educational institutions, and since recently – kindergartens and schools with special pedagogical orientation (alternative schools). A significant number of projects, programmes and trainings were also implemented in the previous period aimed at enhancing the quality of school work and teaching conveying the ideas and concepts typical of reform pedagogy movements. However, it seems that the initiatives and efforts encouraging pluralism in education undertaken by the academic community and the education authorities are directed more at fostering the democratisation of education and improving its quality inside the public school system and less at promoting and supporting private education and/or alternative pedagogical approaches in their original form.

Tijekom revolucionarnih previranja 1848.-1849. u Habsburškoj Monarhiji u duhu liberalnih ideja, među ostalima, izneseni su zahtjevi za donošenjem ustava i uvođenjem građanskih i političkih sloboda i prava. Među navedenim slobodama i pravima posebno mjesto zauzimale su sloboda tiska i s njom povezane sloboda izražavanja misli u usmenom i pismenom obliku, vjerska i nacionalna jednakopravnost te sloboda učenja i poučavanja. Revolucionarnim pobunama potaknuto ostvarenje tih zahtjeva stvorio je pozitivnu atmosferu i omogućilo formuliranje i provođenje modernizacijskih reformi u školstvu Habsburške Monarhije, a vrlo pozitivno odrazilo se i na hrvatsko školstvo. Uvođenje slobode tiska dalo je snažan zamah razvoju tiska u Hrvatskoj i jačanju uloge javnog mnijenja. Zagrebački politički listovi od početka 1848. godine postaju forum u kojemu prosvjetni djelatnici i intelektualci različitih profesija raspravljaju o ulozi škole u društvu, odnosu škole i Katoličke crkve, prikazuju aktualno stanje u hrvatskome školstvu i donose prijedloge i konkretne mjere za njegovo poboljšanje. U to vrijeme organiziraju se prvi sastanci učitelja na kojima su raspravljali o svom profesionalnom statusu i problemima struke. Prosvjetni odsjek Banskoga vijeća (de facto samostalne hrvatske vlade od rujna 1848. do lipnja 1850.) rukovodio je svim poslovima vezanima za školstvo i, unatoč brojnim objektivnim ograničenjima, uveo je hrvatski kao nastavni jezik u većinu škola u Hrvatskoj, ostvario je određene uspjehe u izdavanju školskih udžbenika na hrvatskom jeziku, provodio je zapošljavanje učitelja na temelju javnih natječaja i provjere profesionalne osposobljenosti kandidata neovisno o njihovoj vjerskoj pripadnosti i društvenom statusu, rješavao je financijske probleme škola i učitelja, i donošenjem zakonske osnove o ustroju hrvatskog školstva 1849. godine (prema austrijskoj liberalnoj osnovi o preustroju školstva na svim razinama) postavio je temelj za daljnju modernizaciju hrvatskog školstva. ; This paper presents how the 1848 – 1849 revolutionary turmoil gave rise to the political and social atmosphere that enabled the realisation of certain liberal ideas, political rights and freedoms, freedom of learning and instruction among others, and gave the crucial incentive for the beginning of modernisation reforms in the education system of the Habsburg Monarchy and Croatia.

Tijekom i nakon Drugog svjetskog rata grane Agitprop-a jugoslavenske Komunističke partije i povezane Komunističke partije Julijske krajine započeli su s objavom periodike za teritorije koje su kontrolirali u Istri, a neki od tih novosti bili su namijenjeni ženskoj publici. Ove žensko orijentirane publikacije djelovale su kao poticaj istarskim ženama koje su govorile talijanski da se mobiliziraju, bilo vojno kroz partizansku borbu, bilo politički za ostvarenje novog socijalističkog društva putem političke edukacije i aktivnog sudjelovanja. S jedne strane KPJ je navodila općenite marksističke teze o rodnoj jednakosti, dok je s druge djelovala unutar konteksta već postojećih fašističkih politika socijalne segregacije i obezvrijeđivanja žena. Temeljni izvori koji su ovdje analizirani odnose se na časopis La Donna Istriana te dvije različite publikacije istog imena Donne, kao i ratni pamflet 8 marzo. ; During and after the Second World War, the Agitation and Propaganda branches of the Yugoslav Communist Party and the related Communist Party of the Julian March started the publication of periodical news issues in the territories they controlled in Istria, and some of these issues were aimed at female audiences. These femaleoriented publications encouraged the Italian-speaking Istrian women to mobilize both militarily, in the partisan struggle, and politically, for the construction of the new socialist society through political education and active participation. On the one hand the KPJ made reference to generic Marxist gender egalitarianism; on the other hand, though, it was acting within the context of the preexisting fascist policies of social segregation and belittlement of women. The primary sources hereby analyzed are the magazine La Donna Istriana and two different publications both named Donne, as well as the wartime pamphlet 8 marzo.

Nastajanje inženjerskog polja mehatronike privlači pozornost mnogih tehničkih stručnjaka, akademika i vladinih dužnosnika u posljednjih nekoliko godina, na nacionalnoj i globalnoj razini. Glavni razlog za to je da mnogi suvremeni proizvodi više nisu čisto električni i elektronski ili mehanički. Štoviše, oni su integrirani multidisciplinarni proizvodi koji su izrađeni od podsustava koji zahtijevaju inženjersko znanje iz različitih disciplina. Tako sve veći broj sveučilišta nude tečajeve, certifikate i programe na preddiplomskoj i diplomskoj razini u području mehatronike. Ovaj članak predstavlja obrazovni program mehatronike na Fakultetu tehničkih znanosti Sveučilišta u Novom Sadu u Srbiji. Osim toga, u članku je prikazana procjena studenata programa mehatronike. Provedeno istraživanje omogućilo je bolji uvid u mišljenje studenata o ovom programu, a samim tim i vrijedne povratne informacije koje će omogućiti daljnja poboljšanja programa. ; The emerging engineering field of mechatronics has caught the attention of many engineering professionals, academics and government officials in recent years, nationally and globally. The main reason for this is that many modern products are no longer purely electrical and electronic or mechanical. Moreover, they are integrated multidisciplinary products which are made from subsystems which require engineering knowledge of different disciplines. Hence, increasing number of universities is offering courses, certificates and programs at undergraduate and graduate levels in the area of mechatronics. This paper presents an educational program in mechatronics at the Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia. In addition, student evaluation of the mechatronics program is presented. The conducted survey enabled faculty to gain more insight into student opinions about this program which provided valuable feedback for further program improvements.

U radu je prikazan odnos prema djeci s teškoćama u razvoju od početka ljudske zajednice do danas. Odnosi društvene zajednice prema djeci s teškoćama u razvoju ograničavani su i obilježavani različitim karakteristikama društva u određenim povijesnim događanjima. Ekonomska i politička zbivanja snažno su utjecale na segregaciju djece s teškoćama u razvoju. Segregirajući odnos i predrasude prema osobama s invaliditetom, a posebno prema djeci s teškoćama u razvoju trajala su tisućama godina. Povijesne činjenice pokazuju da se nuđenjem većih mjera socijalne zaštite i nametanjem pasivizacije osobama s invaliditetom i djeci s teškoćama u razvoju smanjuju mogućnost društvene rehabilitacije. U nekim drugim razdobljima, posebno nakon različitih pošasti i ratnih razaranja, odnos društva prema marginaliziranim članovima mijenjao se, otvarajući im prostor uključivanja u rad i obrazovanje. U radu je prikazano kako su spomenute politike i filozofski pravci utjecali su na stvaranje vrijednosti i uvjerenja šire društvene zajednice prema djeci s teškoćama u razvoju. Danas, za ostvarivanje odgoja i obrazovanja u inkluzivnom društvu, samo zakonodavstvo koje je izrazito važno i jasno, ipak je nedovoljno bez principa prilagođenih odgoju i obrazovanju svake zajednice. ; The paper describes the attitude towards children with disabilities from the beginning of human society to this day. Terms of community relations towards children with disabilities are constrained and marked with different social circumstances and historical events. Economic and political developments have strongly influenced for segregation children with disabilities. Segregated attitude and prejudice against people with disabilities, especially towards children with disabilities have lasted thousands of years. Historical facts show that by offering greater social protection measures and the imposition of passivity people with disabilities and children with disabilities reduces the possibility of their social rehabilitation. In other periods, especially after the scourge of war, disease and natural disasters, social attitudes towards marginalized changed by opening their premises involvement in work and education. Mentioned politics and philosophical lines influenced on the creation of values and beliefs towards children with disabilities in different historical periods. Today, for the realization of education in an inclusive society except the legislation, who is extremely important and clearly, still is not enough without the principle of customized education of each community.

The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative will open new trade routes between China and the European Union (EU) and increase competition pressures on smaller EU member states. This article ranks where states like Estonia stand internationally in terms of innovativeness (and consequent competitiveness) by conducting an econometric study of patent development, education policy and research and development (R&D) expenditure policy. The authors claim that small member states such as Estonia should follow the example of countries such as Germany and adopt policies which focus more on increased public spending on R&D and innovation in public universities of science and technology, and raise support for high tech startups with a strong focus on international patenting. Member States must go further and subsidise R&D activities by focusing, inter alia, on filing of foreign patents such as triadic patents. ; The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative will open new trade routes between China and the European Union (EU) and increase competition pressures on smaller EU member states. This article ranks where states like Estonia stand internationally in terms of innovativeness (and consequent competitiveness) by conducting an econometric study of patent development, education policy and research and development (R&D) expenditure policy. The authors claim that small member states such as Estonia should follow the example of countries such as Germany and adopt policies which focus more on increased public spending on R&D and innovation in public universities of science and technology, and raise support for high tech startups with a strong focus on international patenting. Member States must go further and subsidise R&D activities by focusing, inter alia, on filing of foreign patents such as triadic patents.

Povijesna izmjena pedagoških ideja i usmjerenja koja ih utemeljuju pokazuju upućenost pedagogije prema općim tijekovima društvenog razvoja. Svako povijesno razdoblje stvara interpretativan okvir odgoja djece. Tumačenja odgojno-obrazovnih koncepata zavisna su od političko-ekonomsko-gospodarskog konteksta življenja zajednice, opće filozofije koja se društveno zagovara i značajki razvoja raznih znanstvenih disciplina. Uvažavajući društveni kontekst, pedagoška paradigma konceptualizira se stvarajući autentične znanstvene spoznaje i prihvaćajući saznanja komplementarnih znanosti. Radom se razmatraju sličnosti i razlike tradicionalne i suvremene pedagoške paradigme vezane uz kontekst ranog i predškolskog odgoja. Također se izdvajaju znanstvene pretpostavke, polazišta i istraživanja disciplina s kojima suvremena odgojno-obrazovna paradigma dijeli isti predmet interesa, a pomoću kojih osmišljava i na temelju kojih zastupa svoj odgojno-obrazovni pristup. Problematizira se način implementacije suvremenih odgojno-obrazovnih koncepata u praksu ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja. Kroz prethodno navedena težišta promatra se na koji način suvremeni pedagoški koncept zastupa svoj autentičan pristup i u kojoj mjeri njegovi principi odmiču, a koliko se nastavljaju na prevladane pedagoške prakse. ; Historical changes in pedagogical ideas and orientations that underpin them show that pedagogy orientates towards the general course of social development. Each historical period creates an interpretative framework for children upbringing. Interpretations of educational concepts depend on the political-economic context of community life, general philosophy advocated by society, and the characteristics of development of various scientific disciplines. Taking into account the social context, pedagogical paradigm is conceptualized by creating authentic scientific knowledge and accepting the knowledge of complementary sciences. This paper discusses similarities and differences between traditional and contemporary pedagogical paradigms in relation to the context of early and preschool education. It also highlights scientific assumptions, starting points and studies of the disciplines with which the contemporary educational paradigm shares the same subject of interest, and through which it conceives and underpins its educational approach. It also problematizes introduction of contemporary educational concepts into practice of early and preschool education. The aforementioned allows focusing on the way in which contemporary pedagogical concept represents its authentic approach, how its principles depart, and in what way they continue on pre-established pedagogical practices.

The 'dilemmas' between multilingualism in theory and English as a lingua franca in practice concern the post-Bologna European higher education as a whole. The article presents the case of Slovenia by furthering the analysis of similar quandaries present in the Slovenian (higher education) language policy. The state of affairs is addressed by acknowledging the status of Slovenian as the official language of the Republic of Slovenia, as well as the need for a greater inclusion of foreign students and teachers and for further enhancement of the quality of higher education. The results of surveys conducted among the most important stakeholders in the Slovenian higher education in October 2012, with the aim of researching the viewpoints on the use of languages of instruction in higher education, are presented. The results were analysed with a view to the expressed standpoint on language use in higher education, which led to the formation of three opinion groups within the sample of students and university teachers of the University of Ljubljana. Based on the analysis of accessible sources, discussions, opinions, surveys and interviews some recommendations on the regulation of language use in higher education in Slovenia are provided. ; "Nedoumice" između višejezičnosti u teoriji i engleskoga kao lingue france u praksi tiču se poslijebolonjskoga europskoga visokog obrazovanja u cjelini. Ovaj rad prikazuje primjer Slovenije putem analize sličnih izazova prisutnih u slovenskoj (visokoobrazovnoj) jezičnoj politici. Stanje se stvari sagledava s aspekta prihvaćanja statusa slovenskoga jezika kao službenoga jezika Republike Slovenije, kao i prihvaćanja potrebe za većom uključenosti stranih studenata i nastavnika i daljnjeg unapređenja kvalitete visokoga obrazovanja. U radu se predstavljaju rezultati ispitivanja koja su provedena u listopadu 2012. godine među najvažnijim dionicima slovenskoga visokog obrazovanja s ciljem istraživanja stajališta o uporabi jezika poučavanja u visokome obrazovanje. Rezultati su analizirani s pogledom na izraženo stajalište u vezi s uporabom jezika u visokome obrazovanju, što je dovelo do uspostavljanja triju skupina mišljenja unutar uzorka studenata i nastavnika Sveučilišta u Ljubljani. Na temelju analize dostupnih izvora, rasprava, mišljenja, ispitivanja i intervjua donose se određene preporuke o regulaciji uporabe jezika u visokome obrazovanju u Sloveniji.

Osnovni cilj ovoga rada jeste utvrditi elemente savremenog pristupa organizaciji i sprovođenju praktične nastave u edukaciji za socijalni rad, te ih identifikovati u praktičnoj nastavi socijalnog rada u BiH. Rad se sastoji iz dva dijela. U uvodnom dijelu analizirana su određenja i obilježja praktične nastave u edukaciji za socijalni rad, te sa njima srodni koncepti iskustvenog učenja i refleksije. U drugom dijelu, analizirana su obilježja praktične nastave u edukaciji za socijalni rad u BiH, na tri različite škole: Odsjek za socijalni rad Fakuleteta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Odsjek za socijalni rad Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Tuzli i Studijski program socijalnog rada, sa Fakulteta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci. Analiza je izvršena na dva načina. Prvi je kroz identifikovanje osnovnih obilježja modela praktične nastave na sva tri fakulteta, a u odnosu na osnovne elemente koji su utvrđeni prethodnom teorijskom analizom. Potrebni podaci su dobijeni primjenom metode intervjua sa predstavnicima osoblja fakulteta, koji su odgovorni za praktičnu nastavu studenata. Da bi se utvrdio pravac i kvalitet razvoja modela praktične nastave na ovim fakultetima, analizarana su njihova obilježja u odnosu na školsku 2011/12 godinu sa jedne, i osam godina kasnije - školsku 2019/20 godinu, sa druge strane. Drugi pristup se zasniva na komparativnoj analizi silabusa predmeta praktične nastave, u odnosu na dva obilježja: 1) ciljevi i definisani ishodi; i 2) metode nastavnog procesa. Rezultati ukazuju na razvojni pomak, u smislu povećanja broja sati i predmeta u kojima se organizuje praktična nastava, kontiuiranu pripremu studenata prije terenske prakse, te organizovanje prvih edukacija za mentore. Priručnik za praktičnu nastavu i veća podrška i usmjerenje mentorskog angažmana sa jedne, te metode kojima se razvijaju kritičko mišljenje, naučni stav i otvorenost za nove perspektive, sa druge strane, ostaju poseban izazov za dalji razvoj praktične nastave. ; The main objective of this paper is to identify the elements of the contemporary approach to field education in the education of social work and to identify them in the field education of social work education programmes in BiH. The paper is divided into two parts. In the introductory part we have analyzed different definitions and general characteristics of field education in social work education, and with that related concepts of experiential learning and reflection. In the second part, we analyzed the elements of field education in education for social work in B&H at the three different schools: the Department of Social Work of the Faculty of Political Science- University of Sarajevo; Department of Social Work, Faculty of Philosophy- University of Tuzla; and the Social Work Study Program, Faculty of Political Science- University of Banja Luka. The analysis was conducted from two perspectives. The first one is through the identification of the basic features of the field education model in all three faculties, and in relation to the general elements of field education previously identified through the theoretical analysis. The required data were obtained by applying the interview method with representatives of the faculty staff who are responsible for the field education programs. In order to determine the direction and quality of development of the model of field education programs, they were analyzed according to these characteristics in relation to the school year 2011/12 on one side, and the eight years later - the school year 2019/20, on the other side. The second approach is based on a comparative analysis of the curriculum of the field subjects, in relation to the following elements: 1) goals and defined outcomes; and 2) educational process methods. The results indicate developmental step forward, in terms of increasing the number of hours and courses in which field education is organized, the continuous preparation of students before the field practice, and the organization of initial trainings for mentors. A handbook for field education and greater support and guidance for mentoring engagement, organising the educational methods for develop critical thinking with students, their scientific attitude and openness to new perspectives, remain as the biggest challenges for the further development of field education in school for social work in B&H.