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Autor u članku analizira Europski kvalifi kacijski okvir kao važan komunikacijski i regulatorni instrument usklađivanja obrazovnih politika, te odnos hrvatske obrazovne politike prema ovoj inicijativi. Autor ovaj proces smješta unutar Lisabonske strategije s posebnim naglaskom na policy prostor, proces i glavne aktere. Pri tome polazi od različitih određenja europeizacije i važnosti policy mreža. Uvođenje Europskog kvalifi kacijskog okvira analizira kao dio procesa europeizacije nacionalne obrazovne politike. Na kraju daje prikaz osnovnih obilježja kvalifi kacijskog okvira i osnovna obilježja hrvatske obrazovne politike koja se očituju tijekom provedbe ove inicijative. ; In the article, the author analyses the European Qualifi cation Framework as an important communication and regulatory instrument of harmonising education policies, and the relation of Croatian education policy to this initiative. He places this process within the Lisbon Strategy with a special emphasis on the policy area, process and main actors. In doing so, the author proceeds from diff erent defi nitions of Europeanisation and the importance of policy networks. The introduction of the European Qualifi cation Framework is analysed as part of the Europeanisation process of national education policy. Finally, he outlines some fundamental characteristics of the Qualifi cation Framework and the basic features of Croatian education policy manifested during the implementation of this initiative.

We are witnesses to the increasing spreading of knowledge in all fields of scholarship and life itself. This has placed a burden on education at all levels. It has created a gap between possibilities and aspirations, which has in turn resulted in dysfunctional knowledge and dissatisfaction of pupils, teachers and parents. The objective of the Croatian National Education Standard (CNES) is to resolve these problems. The CNES is a comprehensive approach to the educational process and encompasses the objectives of education and learning, educational content, proposed instruction methods, expected outcomes of teaching, instruction and the teaching environment. The overall objective here is to educate and prepare younger generations for getting their bearings under unpredictable future circumstances, for a knowledge-based economy and society. A large number of experts from the relevant higher educational and scholarly institutions and practicing teachers from throughout Croatia participated in the development of the CNES. The task of the CNES in the field of geography is to disburden pupils and to develop knowledge, skills and habits, and to train and socialize individuals, in compliance with the value system of the European Union. The CNES in geography has been presented, as in all subjects of the natural science group, through lecture topics. The structure of topics is tabular, with 13 parameters that indicate objectives of the CNES. An analysis of the CNES clearly shows that teaching geography is inconceivable without maps, because complex spatial reality cannot be perceived without corresponding knowledge, ability and habits from the field of cartography. The map, with its universal nature (cartographic symbols), is an irreplaceable lecture aid to educate and socialize pupils. Implementation of the CNES commenced in 2005 in an experimental 5% (49) of Croatia's schools. Implementation of CNES requires additional education of geography teachers, which has been conceived by means of seminars in several phases. ; Svjedoci smo sve većeg povećavanja koli-čine znanja u svim područjima znanosti i života. To je opterećivalo naše obrazovanje na svim stupnjevima. Nastao je raskorak između mogućnosti i htijenja, što je rezultiralo nefunkcionalnim znanjima i nezadovoljstvom kako učenika, tako učitelja i roditelja. Te probleme trebao bi razriješiti Hrvatski nacionalni obrazovni standard - HNOS. Hrvatski nacionalni obrazovni standard je cjeloviti pristup obrazovnom procesu i uključuje ciljeve odgoja i obrazovanja, odgojno-obrazovne sadržaje, prijedloge metoda poučavanja, očekivane ishode učenja i poučavanja te nastavno okružje. Sve je to u cilju obrazovanja i pripreme mladih naraštaja za snalaženje u nepredvidivim budućim okolnostima, za gospodarstvo i društvo temeljeno na znanju. Na izradi HNOS-a radio je velik broj stručnjaka iz relevantnih visokoškolskih ustanova i znanstvenih institucija, učitelja praktičara iz cijele Hrvatske. Zadaća je HNOS-a rasterećenje učenika i razvijanje znanja, vještina i navika te odgoj i socijalizacija pojedinca, u skladu s vrijednosnim sustavom EU. HNOS iz geografije prezentiran je, kao i u svim nastavnim predmetima prirodne skupine, kroz nastavne teme. Ustrojstvo tema je tabelarno, s 13 odrednica koje upućuju na ciljeve HNOS-a. Analizom HNOS-a razvidno je da je nastava geografije nezamisliva bez geografske karte jer je složenu prostornu stvarnost nemoguće spoznati bez odgovarajućih znanja, sposobnosti i navika iz područja kartografije. Karta je svojom univerzalnošću (kartografski znakovi) jedinstveno sredstvo za odgoj i socijalizaciju učenika. HNOS se počeo provoditi u 2005. godini u oko 5% (49) hrvatskih škola. Za provedbu HNOS-a potrebna je dodatna edukacija učitelja geografije, a ona je osmišljena putem seminara u nekoliko faza.Ključne riječi

Cilj rada jest identificiranje europskih društveno-kulturnih i odgojno-obrazovnih vrijednosti koje, uz političke, društvene, kulturne, tehnološke i druge promjene u Hrvatskoj, dovode do potrebe preispitivanja i promišljanja dugoročnih i kratkoročnih odgojno-obrazovnih vrijednosti i ciljeva te do razumijevanja i interpretacije njihovih značenja. Vrijednosti su kategorizirane u tri skupine: a) metapolitičke vrijednosti, koje služe socijalnoj homogenizaciji, b) vrijednosti koje izražavaju društvene, a istodobno i odgojno-obrazovne ciljeve i c) vrijednosti koje odražavaju svojstva osobnosti ili karaktera. Autorica razmatra neke vrijednosti/ciljeve relevantne za promjene u odgojno‐obrazovnom kontekstu kao što su jednakost, kompetentnost, uspjeh, odgovornost, demokracija, tolerancija, kompromis, njihova značenja i proturječnosti. S obzirom na to da su škole temeljni nositelji promjene i procesa remoralizacije, očekuje se etička refleksija i vizualizacija odgojno-obrazovnih vrijednosti i ciljeva te (re)definiranje hijerarhije vrijednosti i ciljeva na njihovoj razini. ; The aim of this study is to identify European socio-cultural and educational values which, together with political, social, cultural, technical and other changes in Croatia, require reconsideration and deliberation of the long-term and short-term educational values and goals, as well as understanding and interpretation of their meanings. The values are categorized in three groups: a) metapolitical values serving the purpose of social homogenization, b) values expressing social and at the same time educational goals, and c) values representing the characteristics of personality and character. The author examines some of the values/goals relevant for the changes in the educational context, such as equality, competence, success, responsibility, democracy, tolerance, compromise, and their meanings and inconsistencies. Given that schools are the basic bearers of change and of the process of remoralization, the ethical reflection and visualization of educational values and goals and the (re)definition of the hierarchy of values and goals is expected on their level. ; Diese Arbeit setzt sich zum Ziel, europäische soziale, kulturelle und erzieherische Bildungswerte zu bestimmen, die zusammen mit den politischen, gesellschaftlichen, kulturellen, technologischen und sonstigen Veränderungen in Kroatien ein Umdenken und Hinterfragen von lang- und kurzfristigen Erziehungs- und Bildungswerten bzw. -zielen sowie eine Reinterpretation deren Bedeutung notwendig machten. Die Werte sind in drei Kategorien eingeteilt: a) metapolitische Werte, die der sozialen Homogenisation dienen, b) Werte, die gesellschaftliche, zugleich jedoch auch Erziehungs- und Bildungsziele ausdrücken und c) Werte, die Persönlichkeits- oder Charaktereigenschaften versinnbildlichen. Die Autorin erörtert einige Werte/Ziele, die für Veränderungen im Erziehungs- und Bildungskontext relevant sind, wie z. B. Gleichheit, Kompetenz, Erfolg, Verantwortungsgefühl, Demokratie, Toleranz, Kompromissbereitschaft, und analysiert deren Bedeutung und Widersprüchichkeit. Im Hinblick darauf, dass die Schulen Hauptträger der Veränderungen und des moralischen Erneuerungs-prozesses sind, wird eine ethische Reflexion und Visualisierung von erzieherischen Bildungswerten und -zielen sowie eine Redefinition der Werte- und Zielhierarchie auf dieser Ebene erwartet.

Tradicije razvoja suvremene geografske misli i znanosti u Hrvatskoj osim za središnji Odsjek za geografijui Zavode na PMF-u u Zagrebu, vezane su posebno i za visokoškolske ustanove i druge ustanove u Zagrebu i drugim gradovima zemlje. Razmjerno značajan broj hrvatskih geografa djelovao je u novije vrijeme i stalno je aktivan na geografskim i drugim katedrama u Zagrebu i u drugim dijelovima zemlje. U radu se posebna pažnja posvećuje razvoju geografskog studija u Zadru, te oblicima studiranja na bivšim pedagoškim akademijama, višim i visokim pedagoškim školama, kao i na pedagoškim, pomorskim, ekonomskim, turističkim i hotelijerskim, političkim, agronomskim, vojnim, kartografskim i drugim visokim učilištima. ; Besides the central Department of Geography and the Institutes of the University of Zagreb's Faculty of Science, the tradition of development of modern geographic thought and science in Croatia is also associated with other higher-education institutions in the country. A significant number of Croatian geographers have been affiliated with science departments (geographic or other)in Zagreb, as well as in the rest of Croatia. This paper is particularly focused on the development of the study of geography in Zadar, as well as the other geography studies at former academies of pedagogy, pedagogical colleges and schools for teacher training, economic, tourist, political, agronomical, military, cartographic and other higher-education institutions.

The citizenship principle is again in vogue. Citizenship is defined by status, identity, virtues, & the ideal of social cohesion. Citizens are viewed as subjects, clients, & participants. The text describes the dilemmas about the various dimensions of citizenship. Contemporary adult education as part of lifetime education is closely linked to the citizenship principle, particularly active citizenship. In its various forms, it aids in establishing active citizenship & is altered in the process. 78 References. Adapted from the source document.