Suchergebnisse

Why is contracting used more frequently under some circumstances than others? What is its impact on spending for core mission and on service quality? These questions are explored with data from more than 1,000 Texas school districts. The evidence for a recent three‐year period shows that contracting is negatively related to spending on school districts' central task and is not positively associated with district performance. Why, then, do districts contract? While several variables are associated with the degree of contracting, the most interesting is the relative size of a district's bureaucratic staff. Furthermore, the relationship between contracting and bureaucracy is reciprocal: Each is associated with subsequent growth in the other. The dynamic suggests an updated version of Parkinson's law. These findings indicate the need for researchers to probe the causes and consequences of contracting more thoroughly to help public managers assess this important option.

Glass hurdles in business are cognitive reflections of the greater difficulty faced by women compared to men in achieving success as managers. The social glass hurdle is the distance between one's gender stereotype and the ratings of a successful manager; the personal glass hurdle, the distance between one's self‐assessment and the ratings of a successful manager. This research examined two important reflections of these glass hurdles in Hong Kong. Results showed that students of both genders regarded the successful middle manager as more similar to the typical male than to the typical female. The relative size of this social glass hurdle did not change across their two years of training for a career in business. A persisting personal glass hurdle was also found. Discusses these results in relation to those found in other social‐political contexts, and suggests that continuing challenges face women who aspire to managerial positions.

Using a multiple probe research design, a visually impaired high school student learned a series of operator call tasks in the real work environment as part of a community-based, secondary vocational training program. Over a five-month period the student maintained and generalized ten different telephone calls at high rates of performance. Performance on live telephone call tasks was also high when compared to the office average. The benefits of such a program are described, and emphasize the importance of a functional learning model to prepare visually impaired individuals for successful career opportunities.

The authors examine the relationship between the courts and HEW's Office for Civil Rights (OCR), to illustrate the effects of legal efforts to generate more vigorous agency enforcement. Opponents of racial and sex discrimination in public schools won a series of suits against OCR after it had ceased to effectively implement anti‐discrimination legislation. As a result of court decisions, OCR has had its discretion over how it will carry out its legislative responsibilities curtailed.

"Originally . prepared for delivery as addresses on special occasions."--Pref. ; The progress of law.--The state and the nation.--College men and public questions.--Palimpsests.--Business and the law.--Engineering and culture.--The study of law and the work of lawyers.--Recent interpretation of the Sherman act.--Further regulation of interstate commerce.--Results of the trust dissolution suits.--Federal control of stock and bond issues by interstate carriers.--New states and constitutions.--The theory of constitutional government in 1787 and 1912. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Part 3: Environmental Information Systems and Services – Infrastructures and Platforms ; International audience ; At our University we developed a course for further training and professional education in landscape and environmental planning, commenced in 2001 [1]. The main content are Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Data Management Systems, and Visualisation. We introduce relevant software, but apply and teach them from a landscape planning point of view. The course has three weeks of joint training, with partly online-guided self-study phases of four weeks in between. Our clients are mainly professionals from governmental organizations, as well as freelancers. Interestingly, the course helps us to improve our curriculum for Bachelor and Master nowadays [2]. Hence, we believe, the course contains as well as continuously updates somehow the most important digital methods and tools in Landscape Planning, strongly related to current and on-going changes of professional needs. One of those needs is certainly the increasing use of Environmental Information Systems and Services.

This article examines the implementation of the inclusive education policy to provide educational services for children with disabilities. Using a conceptual framework concerning disability and social inclusion, and isomorphic mimicry and capability, this article aims to explain Wonosobo District Government's capability in implementing inclusive education policy. This article is based on a qualitative study, using a case study approach with descriptive analysis. We argue that Wonosobo District Government's capability to implement inclusive education policy is in a weak or limited position (weak capability). This is a depiction of isomorphic mimicry, where the inclusive education policy in Wonosobo District seems to be functional. As its implication, children with disabilities are vulnerable to being excluded from obtaining inclusive education services.