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AbstractTraining decisions are affected by beliefs about the returns to training, surrounding which firms face considerable uncertainty. We model the consequent association between training, profitability and establishment survival. We propose a plausible definition of optimism about training effectiveness, and show that more optimistic firms train more. We then present estimates of the relationship between training and the likelihood of medium‐term commercial survival. We find that increased training of non‐manual workers in large establishments is associated with a greater chance of survival; however, disaggregation reveals that the association differs across occupational groups. In smaller establishments, increased training for Craft and Technical workers is associated with better chances of survival, while for Professional workers the opposite effect is found.

Purpose. The paper studies the issue of training foreign language teachers in Ukraine of the 20th century. The origins of training linguistic professionals for school date back to the early 1900s. Throughout the century, the higher educational system faced a myriad of changes, including curricula (courses, academic hours, teaching practices, etc.) and teaching approaches, falling under the influence of political regimes. Reforming the national educational system nowadays, the main focus is on sharing European practices. Methodology. The general scientific, chronological, comparative, retrospective and interpretational methods were used in the article. Theoretical basis. The work presents the definitions of «professional training» and «training foreign language teachers» concepts, as well as offers the overview of pedagogical studies of Ukrainian researchers interested in training foreign language teachers at higher pedagogical establishments of Ukraine in the 20th century: Olha Misechko (2011), Volodymyr Okolovych (2014), Olena Shmyrko (2016), Olena Shenderuk (2017). Originality. Analyzing the changes of curricula for foreign language teachers, the authors note the increasing importance of innovative technologies based on strong methodological skills, deep language knowledge with an accent on communication. Conclusions. The authors argue that traditional basics are worth inheriting, including practical training (observation, assistant and teaching practices); proper organization of education process (professional staff of university chairs specializing in philological, methodological, pedagogical, psychological and innovation-technological disciplines); a balanced ratio between general educational, philological and methodological cycles in curricula, initial introduction to theoretical and further following of practical subjects; the growing role of professional life-long self-education and self-development.

Public and political interest in quality, safety and the environment is growing steadily throughout the world. This increases the pressure on all organizations with responsibilities in the maritime field, at the same time underlines the need for organizations like Maritime Training Centers. This dissertation describes the real situation of the seafarers' education in Honduras and the need for establishment of an institution that meets the global requirements. The description of minimum physical set up of the Training Center can be found in chapter two; the general course outlines are introduced for the General Purpose Rating and for the Catering Rating based on syllabuses already in progress in reputable Training Centers in Europe and the USA. I believe the success of the future years in our Maritime Administration will be due to the fact that the commitment to quality of education has been reached. This will give to all those who work for the development of our country great satisfaction and confidence in the future.

The purpose of this research was to find out the Perceptions and Challenges that Educational Leaders in Cameroon face as a result of their lack of Formal Training in Educational Administration in the Primary, Secondary and High Schools in Cameroon. The study used the Sequential explanatory mixed method design in which quantitative data is used as the basis on which to build and explain qualitative data. Data was collected with the use of questionnaires and interview guides. The sample was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 112 Head Teachers and 120 Principals who returned the questionnaires from the 13 Divisions of the two English Speaking Regions of Cameroon. The interview was conducted with 14 school heads in both Primary, Secondary and High Schools. This gives a grand total of 246 respondents in this study. An analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data resulted in the following findings The school leaders' views showed that a majority of them were not formally trained upon their appointments as school heads. They opined that formal training can enhance their preparedness as leaders. Also, the school leaders agreed that they face challenges due to their lack of formal training as they perform their functions as school heads. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made to School administrators and officials in the Ministries of Basic and Secondary Education. Current School Heads should embark on in service formal training in order to enhance their capacities while aspiring school heads should have pre formal training before appointments. It was also recommended that an institution for training be established to train professional school heads upon appointment. The main limitation to this study that data collection was very challenging as gaining access to school heads was a problem due to the socio political crisis in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon where this research was based. Furthermore, suggestions for further research were ...

Excerpts from report of the Task force on recruitment and training in the Foreign service, U.S. department of state.

The article deals with the questions of american high school functioning. The author notes that success of the USA in the sphere of education is achieved mainly due to non-intervention of state in the work of higher educational establishment and voluntary accreditation system. It should be noted, that European educational establishments are financed and checked by the state unlike American institutes. Characteristics that strongly distinguishAmerican model of higher education system from other countries are described here. The history of accreditation agencies formation is described here. The author highlights the procedure and the necessity of accreditation in higher educational establishments of the USA. Necessity of high accreditation rank for educational establishments, production, federal government, students is explained here. The author gives the list of ten the best educational institutions in the world. Higher educational establishment, accreditation agency, specialists training, higher educational establishments rank.

Women in India have faced a lot of problems and issues for their rights. Therefore, the present paper aims to examine the role of education for women empowerment in India and study the government schemes for women empowerment in India. The present study is based on the descriptive type of research. For this study, the researcher used secondary data. The study found that women empowerment is an energetic and dynamic process that facilitates them to realize their identity and power in all characteristics. Due to the lack of educational facilities and training, Indian women left their education in the middle. That is why Indian women are far away from their rights. Most of the Indian women are housewives, but in the present time, it has been improved in many areas; most of the vocational courses and training programs have been introduced by the Indian government.